Structure and Properties of Organic Molecule
Transcript of Structure and Properties of Organic Molecule
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Structure and Properties
of Organic MoleculeBy: Isman Kurniawan
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The orbital can be described by its wavefunction, which is the mathematical
description of the shape of the wave as itvibrates.
Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals
Guitar string analogyfor 1s orbital.
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Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals
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Guitar string analogy for 2p
Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals
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Wave Properties of
Electrons in Orbitals
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Molecular Orbital
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The hydrogen molecule; sigma bonding
The bonding that has most of its electrondensity centered along the lineconnecting the nuclei.
The 1s wave functions can addconstructivelyso that they reinforceeach other, the result is a bonding
molecular orbital.
Molecular Orbital
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Molecular Orbital
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The hydrogen molecule; sigma bonding
The 1s wave functions can adddestructivelyso that they cancel out
where they overlap, the result is a
antibonding molecular orbital.
Molecular Orbital
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Molecular Orbital
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The hydrogen molecule; sigma bonding
Relative energies of atomic and molecular
orbitals
Molecular Orbital
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Sigma overlap involving p orbitals
Overlap between two p orbitals
Molecular Orbital
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Sigma overlap involving p orbitals
Overlap between s orbital and p orbital
Molecular Orbital
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A pi bond results from overlap betweentwo p orbitals oriented prependicular to
the line connecting the nuclei.
Pi Bonding
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Pi Bonding
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Single and double bonds
A double bond requires the presence of
four electrons in the bonding region.
The first pair of electrons goes into thesigma bonding.
The second pair of electrons goes into api bonding.
Pi Bonding
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Single and double bonds
Pi Bonding
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Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory(VSEPR theory)
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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sp hybrid orbitals
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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sp hybrid orbitals
BeH2molecule
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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sp2hybrid orbitals
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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sp2hybrid orbitals
BH3molecule
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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sp3hybrid orbitals
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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sp3hybrid orbitals
CH4molecule
Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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Hybridization and
Molecular Sha es
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Shorthand notation to simplify 3D drawings
Drawing 3D Molecules
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Predict the hybridiziation, draw a picture ofthe 3D structure, and predict the bond
angles
1. NH3
2. C2H2
3. CH3CHO
Exercise
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Rotation of single bonds
Bond Rotation
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Rigidity of double bonds
Bond Rotation
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Rigidity of double bonds
Bond Rotation
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Bond dipole moments
Polarity of Bonds and
Molecules
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Molecular dipole moments
Polarity of Bonds and
Molecules
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Molecular dipole moments
Polarity of Bonds and
Molecules
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The effect of intermolecular forces
Melting points
Boiling points
Solubilities
Intermolecular Forces
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Dipole-dipole force
Intermolecular Forces
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The London dispersion force
Intermolecular Forces
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The London dispersion force
Intermolecular Forces
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The London dispersion force
Intermolecular Forces
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Hydrogen bonding
A hydrogen atom can participate inhydrogen bonding if it is bonded tooxygen, nitrogen, or flourine.
Intermolecular Forces
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Hydrogen bonding
Intermolecular Forces
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Rank the following compounds in orderof increasing boiling points. Explain the
reasons for your chosen order.
Exercise
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The general rule : like dissolves like Polar solute + polar solvent = dissolve
Polar solute + nonpolar solvent = doesnot dissolve
Nonpolar solute + nonpolar solvent =dissolve
Nonpolar solute + polar solvent = doesnot dissolve
Polarity Effects on
Solubilities
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1. For each of the following compounds,
a. Give the hybridization and approximate
bond angles around each atom excepthydrogen
b. Draw a 3D diagram, including any lone
pairs of electrons
NH2NH2& CH3COOH
Assignment
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2. Predict whether the compound will have a
large (>1D), small, or zero dipole moment.
Assignment
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Assignment
Submit in pdf file with appropriate format/layout
Deadline : 18 June 2014
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Quiz
Quiz 1 and 2
14 June 2014