Structure and Function of Cells

Structure and Function of Cells

Cell MembraneOuter Shell of the CellSeparates the cell from the external environmentRegulates what comes into and out of the cellSecurity system of the cell

CytoplasmJelly Like mixtureContains molecules and small cell parts(organelles)Contains enzymes to drive chemical reactions

DNALong molecule containing information Controls cells activitiesMutations can cause irregular cell divisionComplex instructions

NucleusControls cells activities Stores DNALarge, Round/Oval ShapeIs made up of the following parts:Nuclear MembraneDNANucleolusIn both Plant and Animal CellsNuclear MembraneSurrounds NucleusSelectively PermeableControls what moves into and out of the nucleusBoth Plant and Animal Cells

NucleolusFound inside the nucleusCreates Ribosomes Both Plant and Animal Cells

Mitochondrion (Mitochondria)Bean shaped with inner membranesBreaks down sugar molecules into energyBoth Plant and Animal Cells

RibosomeSmall bodies that are free within the cell or attached to E.R.Produce ProteinsCreated by the NucleolusBoth Plant and Animal Cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Network of tubes or membranesCarries materials through the cellSmooth and Rough ERRough ER have Ribosome attachedBoth plant and animal cells

VacuoleFluid-filled sacsStore food, water, wastePlants store large amounts of food, have large vcacuolesBoth Plant and Animal Cells

Golgi BodiesPackages proteins for transportTubes and membranesThought of as UPS or Post Office of the cell

LysosomeSmall, round with a membraneBreaks down larger food molecules into smaller piecesDigests old cell partsUncommon in Plants, common in Animal Cells

Plant Cell PartsParts that are common only in Plant cells include:Cell WallChloroplastChlorophyllCell WallOuter Layer of Plant CellRigid, strongMade of celluloseProvides Support, ProtectionAllows H2O, O2, CO2 to pass into and out of cell

ChloroplastGreen, oval Uses energy from sun to make food for the plantContain Chlorophyll

ChlorophyllVery small, round, greenProvide pigment to the plantUsed during photosynthesis