Structure and Function of Cells
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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS Ch4 p 69
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Ch4 p 69. Structure and Function of Cells. History. Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe the boxes he saw in cork, a plant. History. Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple Microscopes Basically a hand lens Looked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Structure and Function of Cells
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF
CELLS
Ch4 p 69
History Robert Hooke – 1665 – Cork cells
First to use the word ‘cell’ to describe
the boxes he saw in cork, a plant
History Anton von Leeuwenhoek – 1673 – Simple
MicroscopesBasically a hand lensLooked at water, poop, muscle tissue, bacteria
History leads to CELL THEORY
Matthias Schleiden – 1838 – All plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann – 1839 – All animals are made of cells
All Combine to form the CELL THEORY:
1. All living things are made of one or more cells
2. Cells are the basic unit building block of organisms
3. Cells only come from other cells
Cells are different Can be big, little, flat, round
A nerve cell can be 2 meters long!
Cells CAN NOT be that big
Size is limited by its Surface Area to VolumeSurface area is the amount of wrapping paper you need
to cover a presentVolume is how much stuff is inside
TWO MAIN TYPES OF CELLS
PROKARYOTIC: pro= ‘pre’ Has NO nucleusHas NO organellesSmaller
EUKARYOTIC:Has a nucleusHas organellesLargerComplex
Prokaryotic Cell
Organelles that we care about: Nuclear envelope Ribosome Flagella Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi DNA Lysosomes Centrioles Cell wall
Vacuole Cell membrane Chloroplast Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Cytoplasm
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
1. NucleusControl centerSurrounded by nuclear membrane
○ Nuclear Pore – a door to let information out of the nucleusContains DNA
○ DNA is also known as chromosomes or chromatin○ Is the actual directions for building the cell and the
organism○ Codes for (instructions) PROTEINS
Nucleolus○ Where ribosomes are made
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
2. MitochondriaChanges your food into energy called ATP‘MIGHTY MITOCHONDRIA’Where respiration takes place
3. RibosomesRRR = Ribosomes READ RNA and make Proteins
○ They help direct how to make a proteinCan be attached to the ER or floating in the cytoplasm
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
4. Endoplasmic ReticulumCan be smooth – no ribosomes connectedOr rough – ribosomes stuck on itWhere chemicals and proteins are made and wrapped
in a membrane – MAKES THINGSLooks like a warm lava lamp
5. Golgi ApparatusFixes proteins to be sent out of the cellGOLGI = FEDEX
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
6. LysosomesBreak down old cell partsBreak down food
7. CytoskeletonMade of:
○ Microfilaments ○ Microtubules
Sticks that provide supportHelp move parts around the cell, like roadsBecome SPINDLE FIBERS for cell division
ORGANELLES = Animal Cell Parts
8. Cilia or FlagellaHair like organelles MOVEMENT
9. CentriolesHelps direct cell division
10. Cell MembraneSEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’
○ Selectively permeablePhospholipid Bilayer
CELL MEMBRANE10. Cell Membrane
SEMIPERMEABLE – ‘picky’○ Selectively
permeablePhospholipid Bilayer
○ Hydrophobic tail○ Hydrophilic head
ORGANELLES = Plant Cell Parts
11. VacuoleHolds water, and mineralsLargest part of the plant cell
12. Cell WallStructure of the plant
13. ChloroplastPHOTOSYNTHESISUses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make glucose
