Strategies for Environmentally Sustainable Transport in Asia
Transcript of Strategies for Environmentally Sustainable Transport in Asia
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Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities Center
Strategies for Environmenta lly SustainableTransport in Asia
Dollaris Riauaty SuhadiCountry Coordinator (Indonesia) - CAI-Asia Center
Executive Director - Swisscontact Indonesia Foundation
Access to Clean Urban Transport Energy Solutions for the Urban PoorYogyakarta, Indonesia
27-29 May, 2009
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Transport and Poor people- EST strategy
2
Source: CAI-Asia & ADB
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CAI-Asia Center
1. Asia – Motorization and Vehic le growth
Source: 2008. ADB, CAI-Asia, Segment Y Ltd., and IEA
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2005 201520252035200520152025 20352005201520252035 2005 20152025203520052015202520352005201520252035
ASEAN(MajorCountries) CHINA INDIA OECD NorthAmerica OECD Europe OECD Pacific
m o t o r i z a t i o n i n d e x
t o t a l n u m b e
r o f v e h i c l e s ( i n m i l l i o n s )
Total Vehicles (in millions) Motorization Index (V/1000 P)
MI - Indonesia in 2008 (138)and in 2025 (247)
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Vietnam
Philippines
Thailand
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China
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Bangladesh
Singapore
Pakistan
Japan
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E M I S S I O N S / Y E A R ( M i l l i o n T o n s )
2. Asia – CO2 Emissions from Transport (BAU)
Source: 2008. ADB, CAI-Asia, and Segment Y Ltd
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m i s s i o n s ( 1 0 0 0 T o n s )
Source: 2008. ADB, CAI-Asia, and Segment Y
(based on adoption up to Euro 3 standards)
3. Asia – PM Emissions from Transport (BAU)
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4. Urban Air Pollution Trends in Asia 1993-2007
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Aggregated Annual Ambient AQ Trends, µg/m3 (1993 to 2007)Source: CAI-Asia, 2008
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5. Asia – High c ost of Transport
Source :- Shanghai Statistical Bureau and others
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Shanghai – Per-Capita Consumer
Expenditures of Urban Household
Transport & Communications Residence Food Education
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•In Shanghai -Low income sectionpays as much on transport as onhealthcare (5%), Cloths (5%) andrent (0.8%) combined !!
•In Hong Kong – Its nearly 40% ofIncome on Transport and Housing
•Top 20 Cities in India – 30.6% onTransport and Housing (in factin the booming cities, people spendmore on Transport (21.3%) than onHealth (7.6%), Education (5.2%)and Housing (8%) combined !!)
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Government Subsidy ( in BILLION USD)
Country 2006 2007 2008 (P)
Bangladesh 0.81 0.73 1.50
China 0.68 NA 1.79
India 0.64 0.74 17.50
Indonesia 5.90 9.31 19.60
Malaysia 4.00 4.70 10.83
Nepal NA NA 0.30
Pakistan NA 2.70 6.90
Philippines NA NA NA
Singapore NA NA NA
Sri Lanka 0.09 0.15 0.28
Thailand NA NA NA
Vietnam 0.61 0.73 3.20
Source :- Compiled from different sources by CAI-Asia
6. Asia - Fuel subsidies – Who pays? Who b enefits ?
Who consumes more gasoline anddiesel??
Where can be the money best used??
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7. Emissions grow faster than GDP
Annual growth rates of GDP per capita, motor vehicles, CO2-transport emissions, and liquid fuel consumption in thetransportation sector in IndonesiaBPS, 2007; WRI, 2008; Pertamina, 2008.
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8. Issues: Safety , Soc ial Equity, Noise, Congestion
…..
Source: CAI-Asia
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Includes all the key facets of transport
• Vehicle emission control, standards and I/M• Cleaner fuels• Strengthening road side monitoring and assessment
• Land-use planning
• Public transport planning and travel demand management• Environment and People Friendly Infrastructure Development
• Road safety and maintenance• Traffic noise management
• Public health• Social equity and gender perspectives
• Strengthening roadside air quality monitoring and assessment
• Strengthening knowledge base, awareness, and public participation
9. Environmenta lly Susta inable Transport (EST)
Concept of EST is centered on the transportation system and activity
that meets social, economic and environmental objectives – People and not vehicles are the objective
Source: UNCRD
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10. EST in Philippines
Presidential Administrative Order No. 254
- Formulation of a National Environmentally Sustainable Transport Strategy for
the Philippines -
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Strengthening Roadside
Air Quality Monitoring
and Assessment
Public Health
Social Equity and GenderPerspectives
Traffic Noise Management
Cleaner Fuels
Vehicle Emission
Control, Standards and
Inspection & Maintenance
Public Transport Planning
and Travel Demand
Management
Non-MotorizedTransport
Environment and People
Friendly Infrastructure
Development
Land-Use Planning
Stakeholders
Road Safety and
Maintenance
Knowledge
Base, Awareness
and Public
Participation
11. EST in Philippines
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12. EST in Indonesia
• Support from UNCRD to promote EST strategy, mainstream
• New transport legislation addresses “limited” EST (TDM,public transport, NMT) --- needs to be further defined
• Recently GOI is considering efficiency and sustainability ofits energy policies --- fuel quality improvement & introductionof fuel economy (policy measures)
• EST measures
– BRT and improved public transport system in cities – Blue Sky Cities Evaluation Program (MoE) – to promote clean
air & support cities in implementing EST
– Wahana Tata Nugraha Evaluation program (MoT) – evaluationof city’s transport management performance
– Use of CNG for high usage public vehicles where CNG isavailable
– Cities’ initiatives to promote NMT (e.g. Yogya, Palembang)
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CAI-Asia Centerwww.c leanairnet.org/ c aiasia
Unit 3510, 35th Floor, Rob insons-Equita ble Towe r, ADB Avenue, Pasig City , Metro Manila, 1605 Philipp ines
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