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Strategic Action Plan for the Rehabilitation and Recovery

of the Areas Affected by Tropical Storm Sendong (Washi)

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February 2012

Published by the Regional Development Council, Region X

Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines

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Preface This Strategic Action Plan (SAP) outlines the post-disaster programs and policies for the rehabilitation and recovery phase of the affected areas of Tropical Storm Sendong. The NEDA as Vice Chair for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery of the National/Regional DRRM Council per Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) Act leads in the preparation of this plan. The rehabilitation and recovery focus is more of rebuilding the affected communities, restoring livelihoods, effectively preventing the recurrence of disasters and harnessing conditions for future development. Thus, managing recovery efforts will require building local capacities, restoring coping mechanisms, empowering communities and determining root causes and vulnerabilities which make the communities disaster-prone.

The consequences of disasters are either derived from a combination of human action and interaction with nature‟s cycles or ecological systems. With climate change, we observed that disasters occur frequently around the world, and their intensity is increasing in recent years. These can lead to widespread loss of life and affect large segments of the population and cause significant environmental damage and large-scale economic and social harm. Thus, in accordance with the principle of building back better, the transition from disaster response to disaster rehabilitation and recovery is critical to restore the economy and reduce disaster risk factors of the region. We extend our sincere gratitude to all stakeholders who contributed to this rehabilitation and recovery plan. We enjoin all of you to mainstream the SAP in the regional/local and agency development plans and corresponding investment programs to ensure its implementation. Moreover, we appeal to the national government through the Office of the President, concerned agencies and other private sector organizations to help mobilize and provide resources, monitor and evaluate the plan implementation. The aftermath of TS Sendong is not a mess, it is an opportunity for all of us to become resilient and rebuild safer and productive communities.

LEON M. DACANAY, JR., CESO III Vice Chair, Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery of the RDRRMC-X

Regional Director, NEDA-X Vice Chairperson, RDC-X

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Message from the RDC-X Chairperson Being a directly affected LGU of the Tropical Storm (TS) Sendong, I consider this Strategic Action Plan (SAP) an eye opener that leads LGUs to further seriously institutionalize governance in terms of reducing disaster risks. It has been a constant struggle to advocate and mainstream disaster risk reduction and management in our development plans. To our awe and surprise, our region specifically the key cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan have been directly and adversely affected by the recent calamity. While rescue, response and early recovery measures were immediately undertaken, the coming up of the SAP timely responds to the call of the situation. The SAP intently presents the extent of damages brought about by TS Sendong not to scare us, but for us to reflect and be serious on what appropriate actions to rehabilitate the stricken-communities and more importantly to be proactive on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation to prevent similar episode in the future. This time, we cannot be blind and deaf to the challenge to strictly enforce and implement environmental laws and other relevant legislations. But, the government cannot do it alone, so I call on other stakeholders, as well as the entire community to take part and get involved. I am happy to note that the crafting of the SAP is again another collegial effort of the Regional Development Council through its members, the Regional Line Agencies, the various Local Government Units, the Private Sector, the SUCs, and Non-Government Organizations both local and international. The contributions you provided in the series of consultation/validation workshops that the RDC Secretariat severally called made this plan possible. Let me take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to all who extended all forms of assistance especially from our national and local government, the international community, our partners from the private sector and the non-government organizations. I hope that you will continue to support us until we are all able to hurdle the challenge to restore the affected communities, and bring them back to better lives. I thank therefore all of you especially the RDC secretariat who conscientiously labor to come up with the SAP in a timely passion. It is my utmost hope that we will continue to support all our DRR-CCA initiatives and endeavors to make our Region, a better place, and most especially an environment-friendly for generations to generations to live and enjoy.

Mabuhay tayong lahat!

HON. LAWRENCE Ll. CRUZ Chairperson, Regional Development Council-10 Mayor, Iligan City

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RDC-X Exec. Comm. Resolution No. 1 (s. 2012) ENDORSING THE PRIORITY PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS FOR IMMEDIATE FUNDING BY THE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT TO HASTEN THE REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF AREAS AFFECTED BY TROPICAL STORM (TS) SENDONG

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RDC-X Exec. Comm. Resolution No. 2 ENDORSING THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN (SAP) FOR REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF AREAS AFFECTED BY TROPICAL STORM (TS) SENDONG

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RDC-X Advisory Comm. Resolution No. 1 (s. 2012) ENDORSING THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OF AREAS AFFECTED BY TROPICAL STORM (TS) SENDONG

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Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................ i Message from the RDC-X Chairperson..................................................................................... ii RDC-X Exec. Comm. Resolution No. 1 (s. 2012) .................................................................... iii RDC-X Exec. Comm. Resolution No. 2 .................................................................................... vi RDC-X Advisory Comm. Resolution No. 1 (s. 2012) ............................................................... ix Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... xi Annexes ................................................................................................................................... xii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ xiii List of Figures.......................................................................................................................... xiv List of Maps ............................................................................................................................. xiv List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ xvii I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1

Objectives of the Plan ............................................................................................................ 1 Coverage of the Plan ............................................................................................................. 1

II. Hazard Characterization ........................................................................................................ 2 Characterization of TS Sendong ............................................................................................ 3 Characterization of Resulting Flash Flood ............................................................................. 4 Characterization of the Affected Areas and Watersheds ...................................................... 6 The Affected Population and Human Toll ............................................................................ 16 Summary and Initial Implications ......................................................................................... 19

III. Estimation of Damages and Losses ................................................................................... 20 Total Damages, By Sector ................................................................................................... 20 Economic Sector .................................................................................................................. 21

Agriculture and Fisheries .................................................................................................. 21 Trade and Industry ........................................................................................................... 22 Tourism ............................................................................................................................. 23 Environment ...................................................................................................................... 23

Social Sector ........................................................................................................................ 23 Housing ............................................................................................................................. 23 Health Facilities ................................................................................................................ 26 Basic Education ................................................................................................................ 26 Higher Education .............................................................................................................. 29 Livelihood and Employment ............................................................................................. 29

Infrastructure and Utilities .................................................................................................... 30 Roads and Bridges ........................................................................................................... 30 Water Source and Distribution Systems .......................................................................... 32 Irrigation Systems ............................................................................................................. 34 Power and Electricity ........................................................................................................ 34 Telecommunications ......................................................................................................... 35

Governance .......................................................................................................................... 36 IV. Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts ...................................................................... 38

Economic Sector .................................................................................................................. 38 Agriculture and Fishery .................................................................................................... 38 Food Security .................................................................................................................... 39 Environmental Impact ....................................................................................................... 39 Trade and Industry ........................................................................................................... 40 Tourism ............................................................................................................................. 41

Social Sector ........................................................................................................................ 41 Shelter ............................................................................................................................... 41 Education .......................................................................................................................... 42 Health and Nutrition .......................................................................................................... 44

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Employment and Livelihood ............................................................................................. 46 Lifeline Infrastructures and Other Facilities ......................................................................... 46 Local Governance ................................................................................................................ 48 Impact on the Regional Economy ........................................................................................ 49

V. Immediate and Early Responses by Government and Non-Government Organizations .. 51 Search and Rescue Operations ........................................................................................... 51 Evacuation and Relief Centers ............................................................................................ 52 Clearing Operations ............................................................................................................. 55 Restoration of power and water supply ............................................................................... 55 Setting up of Temporary Shelters ........................................................................................ 55 Distribution of Agriculture and Fishery Subsidies and Installation of Temporary Transportation Facility .......................................................................................................... 56 Remaining Needs for Rehabilitation and Recovery............................................................. 56

VI. Rehabilitation and Recovery Strategy and Program ......................................................... 61 Brief Description of Strategies, Major Programs and Projects ............................................ 61

Infrastructure Development Sector .................................................................................. 61 Economic Development Sector ........................................................................................ 62 Social Development Sector .............................................................................................. 63 Macro Development Administration and Governance ..................................................... 64

Summary of Budgetary Requirements................................................................................. 65 By Sector .......................................................................................................................... 67

VII. Policy Recommendations .................................................................................................. 77 Housing ................................................................................................................................ 77 Prices of Basic Commodities and Services ......................................................................... 77 Financial Assistance/Safety Nets ........................................................................................ 77 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................ 78 Land Use .............................................................................................................................. 78 Governance .......................................................................................................................... 78

VIII. Implementation Arrangements/ Mechanisms .................................................................. 80 Strategic Action Plan for the Rehabilitation and Recovery of Affected Areas of TS Sendong.................................................................................................................................................. 82

Annexes Rehabilitation and Recovery Plans (Detailed List of Programs/Projects/Activities) by Sector, by Funding Source, by Implementation Schedule

Cagayan de Oro City

Iligan City

Valencia City

Bukidnon

Lanao del Norte

Misamis Oriental

Misamis Occidental

Regionwide/Inter-LGU

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List of Tables Table 1. Water Level of the Cagayan de Oro River and Mandulog River (In Meters) .......... 5 Table 2. Affected Areas during the December 16-17, 2011 Flood Event ............................. 6 Table 3. Flooded Area of Affected Barangays in Cagayan de Oro City ............................... 9 Table 4. Flood-Affected Barangays Adjacent to Mandulog River, Iligan City ..................... 13 Table 5. Number of Affected Families and Persons, As of January 23, 2012 .................... 16 Table 6. Summary of Estimated Damages, All Affected Areas........................................... 20 Table 7. Estimated Damages of Typhoon Sendong to Industry Sector .............................. 22 Table 8. Number of Damaged Houses by Province/City as of January 23, 2012 .............. 24 Table 9. Damage to Health Sector Infrastructure and Equipment, by Area ....................... 26 Table 10. Number of Affected Students and Teachers in Affected Public Schools:

Elementary and Secondary Level as of January 26, 2011 ................................... 27 Table 11. Number and Value of Damaged School Buildings/Classrooms in

Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan City (in PhP Million) ........................................... 27 Table 12. Number and Value of Damaged Furniture, Books and Computers,

Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan City (in PhP Million) ........................................... 28 Table 13. Damaged School Buildings/Education Facilities of HEIs ...................................... 29 Table 14. Number of Persons with Affected (Formal and Informal Sector) ...Jobs/Livelihood

due to TS Sendong ............................................................................................... 29 Table 15. Estimated Cost of Damage to Roads and Bridges,

by Local Government Unit Affected (In PhP „000) ................................................ 32 Table 16. Estimated Cost of Damage to Lifeline Infrastructures and Other Facilities

(PhP „000) .............................................................................................................. 35 Table 17. Estimated Foregone Income of MSMEs Due to TS Sendong (PhP „000) ........... 40 Table 18. Leptospirosis Cases, Affected Areas of TS Sendong ........................................... 45 Table 19. Cases of Common Diseases in Evacuation Centers, Cities of Cagayan and Iligan .................................................................................. 45 Table 20. Estimated Value of Damages and Losses due to TS Sendong (PhP „000). ........ 50 Table 21. Estimated Value of Reduction to the GVA/GRDP of Region 10

by Industrial Origin, At Current Prices (in Thousand Pesos) ................................ 50 Table 22. Estimated Value of Reduction to the GVA/GRDP of Region 10,by Industrial

Origin, At Constant 2000 Prices (in Thousand Pesos) ......................................... 50 Table 23. Search and Rescue Operations Conducted .......................................................... 51 Table 24. Families/Persons Inside and Outside Evacuation Centers (ECs) ........................ 52 Table 25. Psychosocial Services Provided............................................................................ 53 Table 26. Estimated Number of Households Needing Houses............................................. 58 Table 27. Resettlement Projects for TS Sendong Affected Families. ................................... 58 Table 28. Table 28. Summary of Budgetary Requirements, All Funding Sources, by Sector,

by LGU (PhP „000) ................................................................................................. 66 Table 29. Summary of Budgetary Requirementsfor Funding by the Office of the President

by Sector, by LGU .................................................................................................. 66 Table 30. Summary of Budgetary Requirements, By Sector, By Funding Source ............... 67 Table 31. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000)

Total for All Affected Areas in Region X, Infrastructure Development Sector ...... 67 Table 32. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP „000). Total for All Affected Areas in Region X. ............................................................... 71 Table 33. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP „000) Total for All Affected Areas in Region X ................................................................ 71 Table 34. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP „000) Total for All Affected Areas in Region X, Macro Development ............................. 72 Table 35. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP „000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Cagayan de Oro City ............................................................................................. 72

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Table 36. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP „000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Iligan City ............................................................................................................... 73 Table 37. S Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP „000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Valencia City .......................................................................................................... 73 Table 38. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Bukidnon ................................................................................................................ 74 Table 39. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Misamis Occidental ................................................................................................ 74 Table 40. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Misamis Oriental .................................................................................................... 75 Table 41. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Lanao del Norte ..................................................................................................... 75 Table 42. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources) Regionwide/Inter-LGU ........................................................................................... 76

List of Figures Figure 1. Number of Disaster Events by Disaster Type, Region X, 2004-2011..................... 2 Figure 2. Rainfall Data (In mm), December 16, 2011 ............................................................. 4 Figure 3. Distribution of Total Damage by Sector................................................................. 20 Figure 4. Distribution of Business Firms Affected by Typhoon Sendong ............................. 23 Figure 5. Distribution of Total Estimated Damage Cost of Housing by Province/City ......... 24 Figure 6. Distribution of Affected Students by Area ............................................................. 26 Figure 7. Distribution of Value of Damaged School Buildings by Area ................................ 27 Figure 8. Distribution of Value of Damaged Furniture, Books and Computers by Area ...... 28 Figure 9. Distribution of Total Damage to Various School Properties by Area .................... 28 Figure 10. Distribution and Value of Estimated Cost of Damage to Roads and Bridges ...... 30 Figure 11. Percentage Distribution of Estimated Cost of Damage to Lifeline Infrastructures 34

List of Maps Map 1. Path of TS Sendong, December 15-17, 2011 ......................................................... 3 Map 2. Affected Areas in Region X, by Watershed ............................................................. 7 Map 3. Non-Habitable Zones in Cagayan de Oro City ...................................................... 11 Map 4. Flood-Prone Areas in Cagayan de Oro City .......................................................... 12 Map 5. Flood-Affected Barangays and Flood-Prone Areas, Iligan River Watershed and

Mandulog River Watershed ................................................................................... 14 Map 6. Flood Affected Barangays Adjacent to Mandulog River ....................................... 15 Map 7. Number of Deaths per Area, Cagayan de Oro City .............................................. 17 Map 8. Number of Deaths per Barangay, Iligan City ......................................................... 18 Map 9. Damaged Housing ................................................................................................. 25 Map 10. Damage to Road Infrastructure Region 10 ........................................................... 33 Map 11. Proposed Resettlement Sites ................................................................................ 60 Map 12. Budgetary Requirement and Location of Proposed Road Rehabilitation ............. 68 Map 13. Budgetary Requirement and Location of Proposed Bridges Rehabilitation ......... 69 Map 14. Budgetary Requirement and Location of Proposed Flood Control Projects ......... 70

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List of Acronyms 4thID-PA 4th Infantry Division-Philippine

Army

AECID Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional for Development

ACF Action Against Hunger

AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines

AIP Annual Investment Plan

AusAid Australian Agency for International Development

BLGF Bureau of Local Government and Finance

CDO Cagayan de Oro

CDP Comprehensive Development Plan

CEPALCO Cagayan Electric Power and Light Company

CFSI Community and Family Services International

CHED Commission on Higher Education

CHD Center for Health Development

CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan

COC Cagayan de Oro College

COWD Cagayan de Oro Water District

CPAT Cleaner Production Assessment Team

CPDO City Planning and Development Office

DA Department of Agriculture

DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DepEd Department of Education

DEO District Engineering Office

DOH Department of Health

DOLE Department of Labor and Employment

DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways

DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

DRR-CCA Disaster Risk Reduction – Climate Change Adaptation

DRT Disaster Response Team

DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development

EC Evacuation Center

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

GFI Government Financial Institutions

GHPSC Golden Heritage Polytechnic State College

GOCC

Government-Owned and Controlled Corporation

GSIS Government Service Insurance System

GVA Gross Value Added

HC Health Center

HEIs Higher Education Institutions

HRC Humanitarian Response Consortium

HVCC High Value Commercial Crops

IDP Internally Displaced Person

IT Information Technology

ILO International Labour Organization

IOM International Organization for Migration

IRA Internal Revenue Allotment

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency

JTWC Joint Typhoon Warning Calendar

LCE Local Chief Executive

LDN Lanao del Norte

LDRRMC Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

LDRRMP Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan

LDRRMO Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

LDS Lanao del Sur

LGC Local Government Code

LGU Local Government Units

LPMC Local Project Monitoring Committee

MARPSTA Maritime Police Station

MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau

MORESCO I Misamis Oriental Rural Electric Service Cooperative I

MSHC Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College

MSMEs Micro Small and Medium Enterprises

MSU-IIT Mindanao State University-Institute of Information Technology

NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority

NEDA National Economic and Development Authority

NGO Non-Government Organizations

NGCP National Grid Corporation of the Philippines

NM Northern Mindanao

OCD Office of Civil Defense

ODA Official Development Assistance

OP Office of the President

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OXFAM Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

PAGCOR Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation

PAR Philippine Area of Responsibility

PCG Philippine Coast Guard

PDRRMC Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

PHIVIDEC Philippine Veterans Industrial Development Corporation

PIA PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority

PNP Philippine National Police

PPAs Programs, Projects and Activities

PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office

PSWS Public Storm Warning Signal

RDC Regional Development Council

RDRRMC Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Managament Council

RLA Regional Line Agency

RPMC Regional Project Monitoring Committee

RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal

SAP Strategic Action Plan

SET-UP Small Enterprise Technology-Upgrading Program)

SPC St. Peter‟s College

SIE Statement of Income and Expenditure

TS Tropical Storm

UN United Nations

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF United Nations Children‟s Fund

UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

USAR Urban Search and Rescue

WASAR Water, Search and Rescue

WASH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

WFP World Food Programme

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Executive Summary This Strategic Action Plan (SAP) outlines the post-disaster programs and policies for the rehabilitation and recovery phase of the affected areas of Tropical Storm Sendong (international name Washi). The NEDA as Vice Chair for Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery of the National/Regional DRRM Council per Republic Act No. 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) Act leads in the preparation of this plan. The overall rehabilitation and recovery agenda in the aftermath of TS Sendong underpins the principle of “building back better”. This implies a holistic recovery process from a disaster with the aim of creating sustainable and resilient communities. The imperatives of this Strategic Action Plan shall be an integral part of ongoing development process at all levels of governance, from the national down to the local and even to the barangay level. This Strategic Action Plan (SAP) guides the restoration of social and economic activities and rehabilitation of key infrastructures in the affected areas of TS Sendong. The recovery process shall also include measures to reduce disaster risks. The introductory portion of the plan characterizes the typhoon and the affected watersheds to have a more comprehensive situational analysis on the possible causes and implications of the incident. The plan likewise assesses the damages arising from the typhoon and identifies the interventions that are critical for these areas to be rehabilitated. Further, it intends to direct post-disaster actions and responses of the government, the private sector, and the ODA community towards the immediate and medium- to long term programs and project to increase the resiliency of communities. These programs and projects will eventually be mainstreamed in the appropriate national, regional, and local, as well as agency development plans and investment programs. The plan covers only the rehabilitation and recovery needs of the areas that were severely hit by the typhoon, namely: the cities of Cagayan de Oro, Iligan and Valencia, and the provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental and Lanao del Norte. Data on human toll and damages to various sector, such as agriculture, social economic, infrastructure, services, among others were generated from the regional and local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (DRRMCs) and from concerned regional line agencies and other stakeholders who actively participated in the relief, rescue and early recovery activities. The data estimates as of January 23, 2012 (unless otherwise specified) were utilized in the assessment. The estimation of the damages includes the discussion on their impacts on the regional economy, environment, employment, social implications, and governance, among others. A total of three cities and 26 municipalities of four provinces in the region, covering a total of 263 barangays experienced flooding of various levels of severity. The affected areas are within the following 18 watersheds/basin, namely: Cagayan de Oro River Basin, Iponan River, Bigaan River, Cugman River, Umalag River, Agusan River, Tagpuange Creek, Iligan River, Mandulog River, Pulangui River, Daisug River, Clarin River, Maranding River, Tunawan River, Rauan River, Titunod River, Lipatan River, and Agus River. The two highly urbanized cities in the region, namely, Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, were severely affected. Most of affected barangays are located along the Cagayan de Oro River, Mandulog River and Iligan River. Of the total affected barangays, 41 are in Cagayan de Oro City, while affected barangays in Iligan City totaled 32.

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Based on the January 23, 2012 report of the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC-X), 69,666 families equivalent to 384,431 persons, were affected by the said disaster event. Of the total affected families, 67.48 percent reside in Misamis Oriental, while 29.07 percent are from Iligan City. Death toll reached 1,495 persons and another 1,965 persons injured. The main cause of death is drowning due to flashfloods that resulted to strong current and high water level. Cagayan de Oro accounted for 49.30 percent of the deaths, while Iligan City accounted for 46.35 percent. The flashflood triggered by TS Sendong resulted to unjustifiable loss of human lives, substantial damage to properties, displacement of people, loss of livelihood and other economic activities, destruction of critical facilities, and decimation of communities and ecosystems in Region X. Apart from natural factors, there are a number of anthropogenic factors that contributed to the impact of the flood, including the following among others:

Absence of flood warning system even in frequently flooded communities;

Complacency due to the false sense of security that a major flood disaster will not happen in Region X;

Deforestation of watersheds;

Clogging of drainage and presence of debris or barrier which interfere with the flow of the rivers;

Presence of dense settlements in flood-prone areas, including in floodplains, former mangrove areas, old waterways (dry riverbed) and in geologically unstable areas (such as sandbars);

Rapid urbanization where permanent structures along riverbanks affects the behavior of the river systems thereby affecting nearby communities.

The reported damages from TS Sendong is estimated at PhP 4.989 billion. The social sector comprised the biggest share of the damages at 45 percent. This is mostly accounted by housing at PhP 2.3 billion. Infrastructure sector placed second at 34 percent due to the damages in national and local roads and bridges and other facilities. The economic sector which shared 20 percent to total damages were mostly accounted by the agriculture/fishery followed by trade and industry. With the widespread human, economic, productive and environmental damages and losses, the capacity and resources of affected communities have to be augmented to hasten the rehabilitation and recovery efforts. On the other hand, the impact of disasters may extend beyond the affected areas through unexpected population transfer, risk of disease outbreak, increasing demand for basic social services, among others. The total budgetary requirements for the rehabilitation and recovery of affected areas in Region X reached PhP43.017 billion. This would cover a comprehensive package of interventions as the recovery process shall cover the restoration and improvement of the pre-disaster living conditions of the affected areas, and implementation of necessary measures to reduce risks. Infrastructure sector demands the biggest allocation at PhP30.525 billion or 71 percent of the total proposed budget. The programs and projects for the sector are concentrated in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan as the badly hit areas by TS Sendong. The provision of basic social services particularly housing, education and health requires an estimated budget of PhP11.037 billion or 26 percent of the total budget. The economic and macro/governance sectors though lower in amount as compared to the infrastructure and social sectors are likewise important to restore the productive capacities, as well as improve governance along disaster risk reduction and management.

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The cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan constitute the bulk of the budget proposals at 48 and 43 percent, respectively of the total budgetary requirements for the region.

Of the total budgetary requirements of PhP 43.017 billion, the region is requesting the Office of the President (OP) and or the ODA community to fund 29.7 percent or PhP12.794 billion. The rest of the budgetary requirements shall be funded from the concerned national/regional line agencies, local government units and other sources including the private sector and non-government organizations. The social development sector particularly for the development of permanent relocation sites and housing provision constitutes the bulk of the requirements at 67 percent or PhP8.6 billion. Infrastructure places second at PhP3.14 billion or 24.5 percent of the total requirements. Iligan City requires the biggest allocation at 41 percent of the total budget or PhP5.186 billion. This is closely followed by Cagayan de Oro City at PhP 4.537 billion or 36 percent of the total budgetary requirements. As part of the policy recommendations, enforcement of environmental laws, particularly on prohibiting settlements in identified “danger zones” stands out as one urgent call. The DENR-MGB list of no-build zones includes the following:

Cagayan de Oro: Sitio Kala-Kala and Sitio Tambo both in Barangay Macasandig, Isla de Oro in Barangay 13, Isla Delta 1 in Barangay 17, Isla Bugnaw and Isla Delta 2 located in Barangay Consolacion

Iligan City: Puroks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 in Barangay Santiago; Puroks Duranta A, Duranta B, San Francisco, and Ilang-ilang in Barangay Sta. Filomena; Puroks 1 to 9, all in Bayug Island, Barangay Hinaplanon. Further, development shall be restricted in Puroks 1, 9, 10, 11, and 12 located in Barangay Santiago.

Apart from the strong clamor to enforce existing environmental laws and land use policies, other policy recommendations are identified. These cover the following concerns: housing provision, monitoring the prices of basic commodities and services, financial assistance/safety nets to MSMEs and severely affected individuals, infrastructure and land use. Finally, the implementation of the Strategic Action Plan (SAP) commenced with its formal adoption by the Regional Development Council (RDC) and the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) of Region 10. The existing structures and monitoring councils at various levels of governance shall be utilized in the implementation and monitoring of the programs and projects contained in the plan.

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I. Introduction As stipulated in the country‟s commitment to the Hyogo Framework of Action of 2005 to reduce disaster risks by 2015, the overall rehabilitation and recovery agenda in the aftermath of Tropical Storm Sendong (international name Washi) underpins the principle of “building back better.” This implies a holistic recovery process from a disaster with the aim of creating sustainable and resilient communities. The imperatives of this Strategic Action Plan (SAP) shall be an integral part of ongoing development process at all levels of governance, from the national down to the local and even to the barangay level. Likewise, the institutionalization of disaster risk reduction and management, and climate change adaptation is crucial in achieving the desired sustainability of all recovery and rehabilitation efforts.

Objectives of the Plan This SAP guides the restoration of social and economic activities and rehabilitation of key infrastructures in the affected areas of TS Sendong. The recovery process shall also include measures to reduce disaster risks. The introductory portion of the plan characterizes the typhoon and the affected watersheds or river basins to have a more comprehensive situational analysis on the possible causes and implications of the incident. The plan likewise assesses the damages arising from the typhoon and identifies the interventions that are critical for these areas to be rehabilitated. Further, it intends to direct post-disaster actions and responses of the government, the private sector, and the Official Development Assistance (ODA) community towards the immediate and medium to long term programs and projects to increase the resiliency of communities. These programs and projects will eventually be mainstreamed in the appropriate national, regional, and local, as well as agency development plans and investment programs.

Coverage of the Plan The plan covers only the rehabilitation and recovery needs of the areas that were severely hit by the typhoon, namely: the cities of Cagayan de Oro, Iligan and Valencia, and the provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental and Lanao del Norte. Data on human toll and damages to various sectors, such as agriculture, social, economic, infrastructure, services, among others were generated from the regional and local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (DRRMCs) and from concerned regional line agencies and other stakeholders who actively participated in the relief, rescue and early recovery activities. The data estimates as of January 23, 2012 (unless otherwise specified) were utilized in the assessment. The estimation of the damages includes the discussion on their impacts on the regional economy, environment, employment, social implications, and governance, among others.

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II. Hazard Characterization The Philippines‟ geographic location and geologic characteristics makes the country vulnerable to multiple natural hazards. It is situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire and located alongside the Pacific Ocean and South China Sea (where majority of typhoons are created) exposing the country to annual occurrences of earthquakes, typhoons and its corresponding flooding and storm surges, among others. According to a study conducted by the Center for Research on Epidemiology and Disasters (CRED), the Philippines topped the 2011 list of countries most prone to natural disasters. Additionally, for the World Risk Index of the United Nation‟s Institute for Environment and Human Security, the Philippines ranked 3rd out of 173 countries. The index uses four indicators to define countries at risk to natural disasters, namely: exposure, susceptibility, coping capacities and adaptive capacities. Every year, the Philippines experiences an average of 20 typhoons, most of which pass through in Visayas and Luzon. Relative to other provinces in Northern Philippines, Region X, and Mindanao at large is regarded as a typhoon-free island. However, it is not spared from other hazards such as floods, droughts, rain-induced landslides, and earthquakes, among others. From March 2004 to July 2011, the region encountered 30 flash flood events, making up 44 percent of the total reported disaster events for the period. This is followed by big waves and storm surges at 15 percent of the total reported disaster events. Figure 1. Number of Disaster Events by Disaster Type, Region X, 2004-2011

Note: Data presented covers the period March 2004 to July 2011 Source of basic data: RDRRMC-X

Evidently, within the same period, flash flood events account for 72 percent of the total affected persons and 68 percent of the total damage cost caused by all types of hazards experienced by the region. On top of the disaster caused by TS Sendong, significant disaster events in the region within the 2004-2011 period include: a) Regionwide drought in April 2010 with PhP 346 million estimated damage; b) Regionwide flood and landslide due to Urduja in November 2009 costing PhP145 million worth of damage; and c) Flashflood in Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental in January 2009 with an estimated damage of PhP793 million. It must be noted that only over two years prior to the December 2011 flood event, the region also experienced a flooding event on January 3, 2009 that left a similar trail of devastation as

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Big Waves

Big Waves with Storm Surge

Strong Winds

Tornado

Flash Flood

Flashflood with Rain-Induced Landslide

Flood

Flood with Landslide

Flood with Rain-induced landslide

Heavy Rains with Strong Wind

Rain-Induced Landslide

Lightning/Thunderstorm

Earthquake

2

10

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30

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TS Sendong. About 214 thousand individuals were affected from 43 thousand families in 307 barangays, five cities and 30 municipalities. There were 27 confirmed deaths, while damage to properties reached PhP793 million. Data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) shows that there have been about 35 tropical cyclones in the last 65 years (from 1945-2010) that made landfall in the Mindanao region. On average, one tropical cyclone crosses Mindanao every two years within this period. However, in the last 15 years, tropical cyclones in said island have been less frequent (six tropical cyclones). Meanwhile, per Manila Observatory Archives, historical analysis of typhoons from 1883-1900 by Garcia-Herrera, et al. (JGR, 2007) indicates that there used to be more frequent typhoons crossing Mindanao. On average, there were about 21 typhoons that made landfall in the region within the said 17-year period, averaging to about one typhoon per year.

Characterization of TS Sendong TS Sendong was the 19th Tropical Cyclone that entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and the 2nd Tropical Storm that affected Mindanao in 2011. Initially, it formed and developed near the equatorial basin of North Pacific Ocean as an Active Low Pressure Area. It intensified into a Tropical Depression on December 15, 2011, and was located in the vicinity of the Island Republic of Palau (Refer to Map 1). At 4:00 pm on December 16, 2011, the storm made landfall in the vicinity of Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur and its strength slightly weakened at 65 kph and gustiness of 80 kph. The storm continued traversing the areas of Agusan del Sur, Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental, Lanao del Norte and poured heavily along its path. It crossed 50 kms west-northwest of Malaybalay City, and at 10:00 pm it continued to move westward at 22 kph crossing Cagayan de Oro City and dawn at Iligan City. At 4:00 am on December 17, 2011 TS Sendong has slightly moved away from Misamis Oriental and was located 20 kms west-northwest of Cagayan de Oro City and made a next landfall over Palawan. According to PAGASA, advisories were issued to warn the public.

Map 1. Path of TS Sendong, December 15-17, 2011

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With a maximum wind speed of 75 kph, TS Sendong was a weak storm based on the Saffir – Simpson Tropical Cyclone Categories. It has an estimated diameter of 300-400 kms and amount of rainfall of 20- 25 millimeters per hour during its passage in the mountainous areas of Bukidnon (the watersheds of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan Rivers). The amount of rainfall recorded when it made landfall at Hinatuan,Surigao del Sur was 180.2 millimeters. Meanwhile, the Malaybalay PAGASA Station recorded a 24-hour rainfall of 88.9 millimeters; the Lumbia PAGASA Station, 180.9 millimeters; and at Kiwalan, Iligan City Station, 161.1 millimeters. Figure 2. Rainfall Data (In mm), December 16, 2011

Source: PAGASA

While the amount of rainfall associated with TS Sendong was not unusual for tropical storms that hit the Philippines, it was unusual for Northern Mindanao. The one-day rainfall of 180.9 mm recorded at the Lumbia PAGASA Station was higher than the monthly average for December of 117 mm for the period 1977 - 2005. Moreover, this was the highest 24-hr rainfall recorded within the said period covering 28 years (Manila Observatory, 2011). The Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Center of DPWH has processed the daily rainfall data of Cagayan de Oro City Station and plotted it in the Rainfall Intensity Duration Frequency curve using Log Normal Distribution. The result reveals that a 180.9 mm one-day rainfall registered has a corresponding return period of 75 years. It is interesting to note that, based on the Manila Observatory records, there were two typhoons that occurred with similar paths as TS Sendong in 1920 and 1930. It is coincidental that the typhoon in 1920 also occurred on December 16 and 17.

Characterization of Resulting Flash Flood Storms which carried a similar amount of rainfall that hit the other parts of the Philippines before did not cause as much destruction as TS Sendong did in Northern Mindanao. For Region X, TS Sendong caused flashflood as the rains fell on areas, including natural forest that had been logged, mined or devoted for short-term crop production. The heavy downpour overran the infiltration capacity of the relatively barren soils, thus, excessive volume of rainwater flowed down as surface run-off. Based on the DPWH data from staff gages installed on bridges in major rivers, there have been drastic increases in water levels on December 17, 2011. The Cagayan de Oro River water level at Cabula Bridge, Barangay Lumbia during the December 2011 flood event was

0

50

100

150

200 180.9 161.1

83.2 87.7 88.9

180.2

41.8 15.1

0 9.3 0.6

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50.3

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measured at 9.86 meters, higher by 7.86 meters from its normal level of 2.0 meters staff gage reading. This increase was almost thrice the highest increase recorded in the previous 10 years of 2.9 meters during the January 2009 flood event. Between 2001 to 2010, the level of increase from normal water level ranged only from 1.15 meters to 2.9 meters. (The DPWH established a staff gage at the Cabula Bridge11 and on January 16, 1991, the height of the bridge from the lowest river bed elevation is about 9.2 meters). Table 1. Water Level of the Cagayan de Oro River and Mandulog River (In Meters)

Year

Maximum Annual Gage Height Reading

Increase from Normal Level

Cagayan de Oro River

Mandulog River Cagayan de Oro

River Mandulog River

2001 3.30 2.50 1.30 1.55

2002 3.45 2.47 1.45 1.52

2003 3.30 2.90 1.30 1.95

2004 4.20 3.20 2.20 2.25

2005 3.30 3.40 1.30 2.45

2006 3.39 3.18 1.39 2.23

2007 3.15 2.92 1.15 1.97

2008 3.50 2.38 1.50 1.43

2009 4.90 4.86 2.90 3.91

2010 3.20 3.00 1.20 2.05

2011 9.86 10.45 7.86 9.50

Note: Normal water elevation for Cagayan de Oro River is 2m staff gage reading (Cabula Bridge, Brgy. Lumbia) and for Mandulog River is 0.95m staff gage reading (Mandulog Bridge II) Source of Basic Data: DPWH-X

Cagayan de Oro River‟s water level of 9.86 meters has a corresponding estimated water discharge of 2,500,000 liters/second. This is over 62 times more than the discharge of 40,000 liters/second under a normal water level of 2.0 meter staff gage reading. Moreover, it is almost four times the discharge of 700,000 liters/second during the January 2009 flood event. Further investigation revealed that the water level at the Cabula Bridge rose when the water flow was obstructed by the damming of debris up to 0.80 meter above the bridge deck. The bridge collapsed when it could no longer hold the pressure. A high volume of water was released with very strong/powerful current and destroying everything along its path. The rampaging waters traversed the winding path of the Cagayan de Oro River that is about 11.5 kilometers, from Cabula Bridge with an elevation of 104 meters above mean sea level into the devastated areas of Cagayan de Oro City whose elevation is not more than 10 meters above the mean sea level (i.e. Barangay Balulang and Sitio Kala-kala of Barangay Macasandig). The volume of surface run-off, the high and extensive slope or local relief of the basins all contributed to rapid peak flow. Meanwhile, the Iponan River also posted a high gage height reading of 11.05 meters, an increase of 7.4 meters from its normal gage height water level of 3.65 meters (derived from 93.60 meters normal water level minus 89.95 meters elevation zero of gage). The corresponding discharge for a maximum gage height of 11.05 meters is 2,150,000 liters/second. Similarly, the Mandulog River water level increased drastically by 9.5 meters, from its normal water level of 0.95 m staff gage reading. The increase was more than twice than that recorded in 2009, also the highest recorded between 2001 and 2010.

1 Cabula Bridge is a two-lane RCDG bridge with a length of about 90m.

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The high volume and rapid flow of water, along with the high tidal level at the Macajalar Bay, resulted to the widespread inundation among the low-lying, riverine, coastal and neighboring barangays of both Cagayan de Oro River and Mandulog River.

Characterization of the Affected Areas and Watersheds A total of three cities and 26 municipalities of four provinces in the region, covering a total of 263 barangays, experienced flooding of various levels of severity. The two highly urbanized cities in the region, namely, Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, were severely affected. Of the total affected barangays, 41 of which are in Cagayan de Oro City. Affected barangays in Iligan City totaled 32. Table 2. Affected Areas during the December 16-17, 2011 Flood Event

Province Municipality/City Barangays % Distribution

Misamis Oriental

Cagayan de Oro City 41 15.6

Opol 14 5.3

Manticao 13 4.9

Lugait 8 3.0

Naawan 10 3.8

Sugbongcogon 9 3.4

Tagoloan 7 2.7

Alubijid 5 1.9

Kinoguitan 1 0.4

Laguindingan 1 0.4

Lagonglong 1 0.4

Initao 1 0.4

Bukidnon

Baungon 16 6.1

Libona 14 5.3

Valencia City 10 3.8

Malitbog 1 0.4

Cabanglasan 1 0.4

Manolo Fortich 1 0.4

Talakag 1 0.4

Impasug-ong 1 0.4

Lanao del Norte

Iligan City 32 12.2

Pantar 20 7.6

Lala 18 6.8

Matungao 12 4.6

Kapatagan 2 0.8

Kolambugan 1 0.4

Misamis Occidental

Tudela 14 5.3

Lopez Jaena 3 1.1

Clarin 5 1.9

Total 263 100.0

Note: Data is as of January 23, 2012 Source: RDDRMC-X, LGU-Iligan City, LGU-Misamis Occidental

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Map 2. Affected Areas in Region X, by Watershed

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The affected areas are within the Cagayan de Oro River Basin and the following 17 watersheds, namely: Iponan River, Bigaan River, Cugman River, Umalag River, Agusan River, Tagpuange Creek, Iligan River, Mandulog River, Pulangui River, Daisug River, Clarin River, Maranding River, Tunawan River, Rauan River, Titunod River, Lipatan River, and Agus River. Most of affected barangays are located along the Cagayan de Oro River Basin and the watersheds of Iponan River, Mandulog River and Iligan River. Towards their respective highland, the terrain is rolling to moderately steep. Apart from the topography and terrain of the affected watersheds, the high volume of water and the reduced soil absorptive capacity in the upstream, there are other human activities in the watersheds, drainage basins and floodplains that contributed to the impact of the flood. The extent of deforestation of the affected watersheds is one. As earlier noted, there are logging, mining and short-term crop production in the affected watersheds, including in the natural forests. The subsequent erosion (as result of said deforestation activities) caused sedimentation in affected rivers, thereby reducing their water storage capacities. Consequently, flooding frequently occurred in the communities along the stretch of the river.

Meanwhile, the rapid urbanization in the lowland portions of the watersheds resulted to a large portion of the land covered with roads, buildings and other structures, thereby preventing soil infiltration. Moreover, artificial drainages, even prior to the December 2011 flood event have been constricted with garbage and other debris. It is because of this that both the city centers of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan experience flooding during the rainy season. Also as a result of urbanization, more and more people are moving to Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan City in search for better employment and livelihood opportunities. The influx of people to these already densely populated cities has resulted in the growth of settlements on floodplains and along the riverbanks, as well as in other hazard-prone areas. Through time, these settlements have increasingly become very dense. As such, when the December 2011 flood hit these areas, there was high number of deaths. Moreover, the flood which carried mud, debris and logs easily destroyed houses, particularly those made of light materials. Improper land use is also evident in the siting of commercial establishments along these hazard-prone areas. Permanent structures have also sprouted within the 3-meter easement of rivers for public use in urban areas. Cagayan de Oro City and Misamis Oriental. There were 41 barangays affected by TS Sendong in Cagayan de Oro City. Almost all of the barangays affected are situated along the two major watersheds of Cagayan de Oro City, namely: Cagayan de Oro River Watershed and the Iponan River Watershed. Twenty-seven of the affected barangays are part of the Cagayan de Oro River Basin. Fifteen are part of the Iponan River Watershed. For the whole province of Misamis Oriental, 12 out of the 26 municipalities/cities (including Cagayan de Oro City) were affected by TS Sendong, as follows: Alubijid, Initao, Cagayan de Oro City, Kinoguitan, Lagonglong, Laguindingan, Lugait, Manticao, Naawan, Opol, Sugbongcogon, and Tagoloan. Most of the affected municipalities suffered damages to agriculture and infrastructure facilities. Damage to infrastructure facilities include landslide along provincial roads, washed-out abutments of bridges, collapsed spillways, toppled electrical facilities and transmission lines, damaged water systems and telecommunications facilities.

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The worst affected areas are those within Cagayan de Oro City. Approximately 2,161.65 hectares or about 5 percent of the city‟s total land area was flooded. Hardest hit in terms of land area inundated are those located along the Cagayan de Oro River and Iponan River, particularly barangays Macasandig, Iponan, Balulang, Bonbon, Kauswagan, Macabalan, Carmen and Consolacion. Isla Delta 2 and Isla Bugnaw of Barangay Consolacion were part of the flooded areas of the said barangay. Barangay 13 (where Isla de Oro is located) and Barangay 17 (where Isla Delta is administratively attached) were completely submerged in flood water. As a result of the disaster, President Benigno Simeon C. Aquino, during his visit on 20 December 2011 in Cagayan de Oro City, gave the directive to prohibit people from going back to high risk areas. He declared six permanent danger areas along the Cagayan de Oro River as no longer habitable. These are: Sitio Kala-Kala and Sitio Tambo both in Barangay Macasandig, Isla de Oro in Barangay 13, Isla Delta 1 in Barangay 17, Isla Bugnaw and Isla Delta 2 located in Barangay Consolation. It must be noted that even prior to the President‟s directive, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources recommended in 2009 to the City Government of Cagayan de Oro the relocation of the people living in Isla de Oro given that the area is considered high risk to flooding. Despite this, houses sprouted on Isla de Oro where it became a community to 500 families or roughly 7,000 people prior to the flash flood. Table 3. Flooded Area of Affected Barangays, Cagayan de Oro City

Name of Barangay Area of Barangay (has.) Flooded Area (has.) % of Flooded Area to

Area of Barangay

Baikingon 475.64 109.26 22.97

Balulang 726.27 180.29 24.82

Barangay 1 14.58 4.66 31.95

Barangay 10 4.4 4.4 100

Barangay 11 5.18 0.74 14.37

Barangay 13 6.51 6.51 100

Barangay 14 4.15 0.31 7.38

Barangay 15 7.93 7.65 96.5

Barangay 17 6.45 6.45 100

Barangay 18 1.83 0.59 32.39

Barangay 2 4.57 2.27 49.7

Barangay 6 5.31 4.87 91.81

Barangay 7 7.16 7.14 99.69

Barangay 8 4.27 0.19 4.34

Bayabas 227.87 15.37 6.75

Bonbon 162.24 149.35 92.05

Bulua 476.44 217.46 45.64

Canito-An 1,069.44 257.8 24.11

Carmen 317.69 46.02 14.49

Consolacion 54.15 42.81 79.06

Iponan 271.66 264.45 97.35

Kauswagan 336.4 64.88 19.29

Lumbia 3,412.26 18.2 0.53

Macabalan 96.28 47.62 49.46

Macasandig 1,346.05 375.37 27.89

Nazareth 160.62 40.71 25.35

Pagatpat 1,593.17 115.8 7.27

Patag 429.99 38.99 9.07

Puntod 105.53 8.9 8.43

San Simon 970.12 122.57 12.64

Total 12,304.14 2,161.65 17.57

Note: Areas were derived from the GIS maps prepared by the City Planning and Development Office of Cagayan de Oro City

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Moreover, MGB-X reports have also earlier revealed the unstable nature of the affected islets of the Cagayan de Oro River and its proneness to riverine floods. The fluvial system of the islets makes them unstable for construction of houses or habitation, specifically those at the edge of the river banks, river channels and abandoned river sections. Sitio Kala-Kala and Sitio Tambo both in Barangay Macasandig are located along the river banks. While the December 2011 flood event already affected a great number of barangays, a greater number is flood-prone. The flood hazard map prepared by MGB-X indicates that 72 out of the 80 barangays in Cagayan de Oro City have portions that are susceptible to flooding. While almost all barangays have flood-prone sections, the total flood-prone area is only 6,216.87 hectares - only 21 percent of the city‟s total land area. Most of the barangays that are flood-prone are low-lying and located along the Cagayan de Oro River, Iponan River and along the coast. Barangays Balubal, Besigan, Dansolihon, Indahag, Pigsag-An, Tagpangi, Tignapoloan, Tumpagon are not susceptible to flooding since these areas are located at the upper portion of Cagayan de Oro City (Maps 3 and 4).

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Map 3. Non-Habitable Zones in Cagayan de Oro City

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Map 4. Flood-Prone Areas in Cagayan de Oro City

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Iligan City. The barangays affected by TS Sendong in Iligan City are situated within the two major watersheds covering the city, namely: Iligan River Watershed and Mandulog River Watershed (Map 5). In the aftermath of TS Sendong and the resulting flashflood, the MGB-X conducted a Rapid Post Flood Assessment. The areas initially covered were those adjacent to Mandulog River that were badly affected. In the thirteen barangays assessed, over 531hectares were flooded and incurred damages to properties. Another 292 hectares were flooded without reported damage to properties. A total of 823 hectares in these 13 barangays were flooded. Table 4. Flood-Affected Barangays Adjacent to Mandulog River, Iligan City

Barangay Area of

Barangay (Has)

Flooded Area (Has)

Flooded Area with Damages

(Has)

Total Affected

Area (Has)

% Total Affected

Area to the Area of Brgy

BagongSilang 27.58 23.79 0 23.79 86.25

Bonbonon 562.42 27.16 50.45 77.61 13.8

Del Carmen 181.75 8.15 0 8.15 4.49

Hinaplanon 324.53 88.1 221.96 310.06 95.54

Luinab 285.46 10.99 0 10.99 3.85

Mandulog 1,114.88 0 11.56 11.56 1.04

Pala-o 209.66 1.73 0 1.73 0.82

San Miguel 55.76 22.01 0 22.01 39.47

San Roque 139.91 0 38.84 38.84 27.76

Santiago 121.74 0 79.83 79.83 65.58

Sta. Filomena 493.4 20.2 57.8 78 15.81

Sto. Rosario 24.11 24.11 0 24.11 100

Tibanga 62.73 33.19 1.98 35.17 56.06

Upper Hinaplanon 244.66 32.42 69.06 101.48 41.48

Total 5,195.43 291.84 531.49 823.32 15.85

Note: All areas reflected are only estimates, derived from the areas of polygons using GIS. Hence, areas reflected may not tally with actual areas of the barangays. Source of Basic Data: CPDO-Iligan City and MGB-X

Based on the result of the assessment by MGB-X, portions of Barangay Santiago were former mangrove areas and were reportedly created out of garbage deposits. The entirety of the area was inundated but the severely flooded are those areas adjacent to the mouth of Mandulog River and those that are adjacent to creeks and other tributaries. On the other hand, areas flooded in Barangays Sta. Filomena and Hinaplanon are situated atop a dry riverbed and junction of Mandulog River and Bayug Creek which make these areas highly susceptible to flooding (Map 6). With the large-scale logging activities in forest areas near Iligan City, Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in the upstream of the Mandulog River, logs were carried by the flood in Iligan City that rammed through communities and caused human deaths and considerable damage to critical public facilities and private properties in the said area. These logs were carried by the raging flood mainly via Kapay River and Bayug River that run through the Province of Lanao del Sur in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and ended up in Mandulog River in Iligan City. Moreover, mining activities in the upstream area particularly in Mandulog Watershed may have aggravated the effect of the flooding.

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Map 5. Flood-Affected Barangays and Flood-Prone Areas, Iligan River Watershed and Mandulog River Watershed

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Map 6. Flood Affected Barangays Adjacent to Mandulog River

Source: MGB-X

Affected barangays which were not included and characterized in the said report, but are also highly susceptible to flooding are as follows: Abuno, BagongSilang, Bonbonon, Digkilaan, Hindang, Kalilangan, Luinab, Mahayahay, Mainit, Mandulog, Palao, Panurogangan, Pugaan, Rogongon,San Miguel, Sto. Rosario, San Roque, Tambacan, Tibanga, Tipanoy, Tubod, UbaldoLaya, and Villa Verde. These barangays are either low-lying or riverine barangays. Based on the recommendation of the MGB-X, human habitation should be restricted in areas identified as badly affected or having suffered massive destruction by the effects of TS Sendong (Map 3). The initial study undertaken reveals that these areas are as follows:

Puroks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 in Brgy. Santiago;

PuroksDuranta A, Duranta B, San Francisco;

Ilang-Ilang in Brgy. Sta. Filomena; and,

Puroks 1 to 9, all in Bayug Island, Brgy. Hinaplanon.

Moreover, it was recommended that development should be restricted in Puroks 1, 9, 10, 11,

12 in Barangay Santiago. Meanwhile, the Geohazard Map of Lanao del Norte prepared by the MGB-X shows that 35 out of the 44 barangays of Iligan City are susceptible to flooding. Less than five percent or 3,543 of the 78,582-hectare total land area of the city are prone to flooding2 . Of the 27 affected barangays, 22 of which were already identified by the MGB-X as flood-prone areas (These areas are also indicated in Map 5).

2 This estimation of flood-prone area is GIS-derived and is only approximate.

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The Affected Population and Human Toll Based on the January 23, 2012 report of the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council-X, there are 69,666 families, equivalent to 384,431 persons, affected by the December 2011 disaster event. Of total affected families, 67.48 percent reside in Misamis Oriental while 29.07 percent are from Iligan City. Table 5. Number of Affected Families and Persons, As of January 23, 2012

Province

Affected Families Affected Persons

Fatalities Injured Persons

Number %

Dist‟n Number

% Dist‟n

Number %

Dist‟n Number

% Dist‟n

Misamis Oriental 47,009 67.5 281,740 73.3 742 49.6 157 8

Bukidnon 2,408 3.5 12,406 3.2 45 3 9 0.5

Lanao del Norte (Iligan City)

20,249 29.1 90,285 23.5 693 46.4 1799 91.6

15* 1

Total 69,666 100 384,431 100 1,495 100 1,965 100

*Bodies found in other areas Source: RDRRMC-X

Death toll reached 1,495 persons and another 1,965 persons injured. The main cause of death is drowning due to flashfloods that resulted to strong current and high water level. It is noted that the surge of water and debris rushing downstream from the mountains took not just the path of the river, but spilled over and claimed the flood plain, where both the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan are situated. Cagayan de Oro City accounted for 49.30 percent of the deaths, while Iligan City accounted for 46.35 percent. While Iligan City posted a slightly lower number of deaths compared to Cagayan de Oro, it accounted for over 91 percent of the total number of injured persons. According to PAGASA, the Public Storm Warning Signal was raised to No. 2 at 4:00 am on December 16 in Misamis Oriental, Camiguin and Bukidnon and at 10:00 am in Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental. Despite the advisories issued, there was apparently no massive action taken by the residents. While the inaction could be due to the fact that many do not understand what the PAGASA advisories mean, the inaction and complacency were also due to the false sense of security that a major flood disaster will not happen in Region X. Some also do not have access to information. Advisories, including the PSWS issued by PAGASA, reportedly have not been relayed to the affected communities by the appropriate bodies. Moreover, people were not quick to respond to the abrupt rise in water level as most of them were already sound asleep at the time of occurrence. The affected individuals recounted that the flood water was highest between 12 midnight and 2:00 am of December 17 in Cagayan de Oro City, and between 1:00 am and 2:00 am in Iligan City. The situation was also aggravated with mud, logs, and other debris that were carried by the flood.

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Map 7. Number of Deaths per Area, Cagayan de Oro City

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Map 8. Number of Deaths per Barangay, Iligan City

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Summary and Initial Implications The flashflood triggered by TS Sendong resulted to unjustifiable loss of human lives, substantial damage to properties, displacement of people, loss of livelihood and other economic activities, destruction of critical facilities, and decimation of communities in Region X. Apart from natural factors, there are a number of anthropogenic23 factors that contributed to the impact of the flood, including the following among others:

Deforestation of watersheds;

Rapid urbanization where permanent structures along riverbanks affects the behavior of the river systems thereby affecting nearby communities;

Presence of dense settlements in flood-prone areas, including in floodplains, former mangrove areas, old waterways (dry riverbed) and in geologically unstable areas (such as sandbars);

Built drainages have been constricted with garbage and other debris;

Clogging of the river drainage and presence of debris or barrier which interfere with the flow of the water;

Absence of flood warning system even in frequently flooded communities; and,

Complacency due to the false sense of security that a major flood disaster will not happen in Region X.

The recent devastation caused by TS Sendong and the previous events of flood hazard necessitates the strengthening of disaster risk reduction and management, and preparedness at the community and household level. In the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, past flooding events generally occur along rivers and waterways due to extreme or high rainfall volume. With the burgeoning settlement (formal and informal) and commercial establishments in flood-prone areas, it is imperative to review land use planning and zoning starting from the barangay level. Development along high-risk areas must be strictly prohibited. In infrastructure development projects and resettlement, geohazard data maps should be considered. For localities affected by TS Sendong, structures may need to be transferred and informal settlement areas abandoned to make way for forest parks and infrastructure mitigating measures for flood protection and river scouring. Watershed management and rehabilitation should be top priority. Moreover, appropriate interventions to increase the water storage capacities should be regularly undertaken. Of utmost importance is the involvement of communities at all levels of disaster risk reduction and management. This calls for advocacy campaigns along DRR/CCA, waste management and natural resource management in localities and communities. If Region X is to be the fastest-growing economy in Mindanao, the institutionalization of DRR/CCA should be the overarching agenda.

3 Anthropogenic – effects of human activities on nature

20

Agri & Fisheries.12%

Trade & Industry. 8%

Environment. 0%

Tourism. 0%

Housing . 40%

Health. 1%

Basic Education. 4%

Higher Education. 0% Roads & Bridges. 24% Water Systems. 4%

Irrigation Systems. 5%

Electric Lines. 2%

Telecom. 0%

Other Gov. Infra.0%

III. Estimation of Damages and Losses

Total Damages, By Sector The reported damages from TS Sendong is estimated at PhP 4.989 billion. The social sector comprised the biggest share of the damages at 45 percent. This is mostly accounted by housing at PhP 2.3 billion. Infrastructure sector placed second at 34 percent due to the damages in national and local roads and bridges and other facilities. The economic sector which shared 20 percent to total damages were mostly accounted by the agriculture/fishery followed by trade and industry. Table 6. Summary of Estimated Damages, All Affected Areas

Sector/Subsector Damage Cost (PHP000) % Share

Economic 1,006,753 20.2%

Agriculture & Fisheries 598,697 12.0%

Trade & Industry 394,400 7.9%

Environment/Forestry/Mangrove/Riverbanks 1,876 0.0%

Tourism 11,780 0.2%

Social 2,260,995 45.3%

Housing* 1,998,698 40.1%

Health Facilities and Medical Equipment 25,600 0.5%

Basic Education 217,050 4.4%

Higher Education 19,647 0.4%

Infrastructure 1,721,403 34.5%

Local and National Roads and bridges 1,190,262 23.9%

Water Systems 176,711 3.5%

Irrigation Systems 253,880 5.1%

Electric Power Transmission Lines 91,167 1.8%

Telecommunications 2,504 0.1%

Other Government Properties-Infrastructure 6,879 0.1%

TOTAL 4,989,151 100.0%

* Refer to notes in Table 8.

Figure 3. Distribution of Total Damage by Sector

21

Economic Sector

Agriculture and Fisheries The agriculture and fisheries sector was among the heavily affected sectors, incurring an estimated total damage of PhP 598.697 million. This amount represents damages based on total investment costs on farm and fishery inputs, labor, farm-to-market roads, and other farm and fishery facilities and equipment. Among the crops, corn and rice posted the widest areas affected and biggest value of damages. Total affected areas for corn reached 3,045 hectares, valued at PhP 115.607 million. For rice, 2,908 hectares were affected, with damage valued at PhP 30.966 million. Meanwhile, 950 hectares of banana plantations were also severely affected. A number of livestock and poultry were drowned during the calamity. In addition, some physical facilities of commercial poultry establishments were also severely destroyed. Total damages was estimated at PhP 29.072 million.

The combined value of damaged fishery products, infrastructure and equipment reached PhP 22.965 million. Affected products include prawn, bangus and tilapia fingerlings, seaweeds and fish corals, and the like. Damaged infrastructure and equipment include fish ponds, fish cages, stocks, motorized and non-motorized boats, and fishing gears.

Moreover, several support infrastructures and facilities were also ruined. These include farm-to-market roads, spillway, irrigation, water supply system and other government established facilities and laboratories.

Among the affected areas, Bukidnon, which is largely an agricultural area, posted the biggest damage reaching a little more than PhP 215 million. This is an aggregation of the damages recorded in Baungon, Libona and Talakag at PhP160 million, PhP 25 million and PhP19 million, respectively.

The combined value of damages in Misamis Oriental and Cagayan de Oro reached PhP 160.237 million. For Lanao del Norte and Iligan City, the total damage amounted to PhP142.938 million.

Meanwhile, in terms of production losses, the agriculture and fishery sectors suffered heavily, with an estimated loss of PhP 633.227 million. Ninety percent of the losses or PhP 569.675 million came from the crops sub-sector. Meanwhile, fisheries and livestock recorded PhP 34.609 million and PhP 24.061 million in losses, respectively. Total damages among agrarian reform communities (ARCs) in the typhoon affected areas in Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon, and Iligan City were estimated at PhP 106.8 million. In terms of percentage share, total damage in Iligan City ARC areas was estimated at 64.1 percent, followed by Bukidnon at 23.4 percent, and Misamis Oriental at 12.5 percent. A total of 4,452 agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs) in the five ARCs in Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Iligan City, and Baungon, Bukidnon were affected by the typhoon. Infrastructure in the ARCs damaged by the typhoon includes 22.06 kilometers of farm-to-market roads (FMR) and feeder roads. These roads are mostly in Digkalaan ARC (16.06 kms) and Pugaan ARC (5 kms), both in Iligan City, and Baungon, Bukidnon (3 kms).

22

Trade and Industry The disaster has severely affected trading and business in the region, particularly in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, as well as in some municipalities of Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon. The micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) were the hardest hit, suffering both from damage to property and loss of productivity and income. MSMEs that were doing business in their residences experienced a halt to operations when the typhoon unexpectedly flooded their homes. Workers of MSMEs who were affected also contributed to the lack of productivity and loss of income. A total of PhP394.4 million was reported as damages from the trade and industry sectors, covering infrastructure, property and inventories. The cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan named as the twin industrial cities of the south posted the most losses, sharing 49.1 percent and 47.7 percent, respectively. Damages from Bukidnon accounted for 3.2 percent of the regional total. Table 7. Estimated Damages of Typhoon Sendong to Industry Sector

Affected Area

Amount of Damage by Industry Classification (In PhP000)

Total

% Share

by Area

Agriculture, Fishery

and Forestry

Manufacturing Trading Servicing

Bukidnon 9,100 3,500 12,600 3.2

Cagayan de Oro City 40,240 117,000 13,200 23,030 193,470 49.1

Iligan City 27,870 104,040 38,900 17,500 188,310 47.7

Total 77,210 221,040 52,100 44,030 394,380 100.0

% Share by Sector 19.6 56.0 13.2 11.2 100.0

Estimates as of January 18, 2012 Sources: 1) Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council Progress Report -Bukidnon (December 23, 2011); 2) Food Processors Association of Northern Mindanao; 3) Cagayan de Oro Chamber of Commerce and Industry Foundation, Inc.; 4) MSME Proprietors The manufacturing industry suffered the most from the disaster. It accounted for 56 percent of the damages in the region, amounting to PhP221.0 million. This was mainly from equipment and inventories of two food processing firms, a cassava starch producer and a paper manufacturing plant. The agriculture sector shared 19.6 percent of the regional total. The damages were mainly from MSMEs in Cagayan de Oro City, and from mining and quarrying firms located in Iligan City. The trading industry accounted for 13.2 percent of the regional total valued at PhP52.1 million. This included damages to both infrastructure and inventories of trading warehouses, production areas and retailers/wholesalers of consumer goods. A total of PhP 44 million in damages was reported by the servicing sector. Among the service firms heavily affected are hotels, restaurants, schools and those engaged in real estate and renting.

23

2%

15%

83%

Bukidnon

Cagayan de Oro

Iligan City

Figure 4. Distribution of Business Firms Affected by Typhoon Sendong

In terms of distribution by area, there were more firms affected by the typhoon in Iligan City than in the rest of the areas, sharing 83 percent of the regional total or a total of 153 firms. It must be noted however, that the combined estimated damages posted by all 28 affected firms in Cagayan de Oro City is still higher than those in Iligan City.

Tourism As for the tourism sector, the white water rafting tour operators in the city of Cagayan de Oro were greatly affected from the typhoon. The damages incurred in the main embarkation and disembarkation area were estimated at PhP6 million. Other than that, rafting gears and equipment, resort amenities of some tour operators, such as lunch area cottages, comfort rooms, restaurants and other facilities, costing to about PhP5.78 million were totally washed out and damaged.

Environment In Cagayan de Oro City, an overall total of PhP 1.876 million of damaged forest and other physical resources was reported. These are 103.5 kilometers of riverbanks damaged with an estimated value of PhP 1.481 million. Damages to upland plantation was placed at 25 hectares, with an estimated value of PhP 0.328 million while damaged mangrove plantation was reported at 8 hectares, estimated at PhP 0.067 million.

Social Sector

Housing Across all cities and municipalities in the region, Iligan City experienced bulk of the impact of disaster in terms of damage to housing followed closely by Cagayan de Oro City at 20,120 and 18,436 total damaged housing units, respectively. As of January 23, 2012, the totally damaged houses were 5,801 units were in Cagayan de Oro while 5,246 in Iligan. In terms of partially damaged houses, 14,874 and 12,635 units were located in Iligan and Cagayan de Oro, respectively. Apart from the damaged houses along the river, homes along the coast in Iligan City were also damaged due to the big waves that rammed logs into said areas.

24

Table 8. Number of Damaged Houses by Province/City as of January 23, 2012

Province / City Damaged Houses Estimated Cost (PhP000) Totally Partially Total

Cagayan de Oro 5,801 12,635 18,436 996,834.4*

Iligan 5,246 14,874 20,120 984,002.9

Bukidnon 171 44 215 4,932.3

Misamis Occidental

24 63 87 1,611.0

Misamis Oriental

221 479 700 11,317.5**

TOTAL 11,463 28,095 39,558 1,998,698.1 Source: RDRRMC-X

* Estimated damage cost is based on Iligan City’s costing; partially damaged houses are valued at 20% of the cost of totally damaged houses ** Estimated damage cost is based on the average costing of Misamis Occidental and Bukidnon; partially damaged houses are valued at 20% of the cost of totally damaged houses

With bulk of the houses in said key cities rendered inhabitable, 2,216 and 1,635 families are residing in evacuation centers of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan respectively. For the meantime, 24,483 and 10,472 displaced families are residing outside evacuation centers in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. Due to time constraints, assessment of damaged houses disaggregated according to type of housing materials and type of ownership were not yet conducted. The cost of damaged furnishings was also not included in the estimation. At this point, the houses and corresponding furnishings needing repairs cannot be identified, as well as the corresponding quantification of costs. As of January 23, total damage cost to houses in the region is estimated at PhP1.999 billion. This was derived using the declared costs of damages of Iligan City, Bukidnon and Misamis Occidental, and estimated values for Cagayan de Oro City and Misamis Oriental. With the absence of estimated damage values in Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental, estimates based on the declared values of Iligan, Bukidnon and Misamis Occidental were applied. For Cagayan de Oro City, which is a highly urbanized city, the estimates were based on Iligan City, which is also a highly urbanized city. The damage cost of partially damaged houses were computed at 20% of the damage cost of totally damaged houses. The same concept was used in deriving the value of damages for Misamis Oriental, but based on the average costs of Bukidnon and Misamis Occidental. With this, an estimated 50 percent of the total damage cost in the region is in Cagayan de Oro City, followed by 49 percent in Iligan City (Figure 5). However, values may be underestimated since not all destroyed units are accounted in terms of cost in Iligan, Bukidnon and Misamis Occidental. Figure 5. Distribution of Total Estimated Damage Cost of Housing by Province/City

Source of basic data: RDRRMC-X

Mis. Or. 1%

CDO 50%

Iligan City 49%

Mis. Oc. 0%

Bukidnon 0%

Mis. Or.

CDO

Iligan City

Mis. Oc.

Bukidnon

25

Map 9. Damaged Housing

26

Health Facilities Total estimated damages to health facilities in terms of physical structure and medical equipment reached PhP25.6 million. Eight health centers were damaged in Iligan City amounting to PhP8 million. Two hospitals in Misamis Occidental posted a total damage of PhP 12 million constituting the bulk of the damages in the entire region at 47 percent. Meanwhile, there were six health centers that were badly affected in Cagayan de Oro City with estimated damages of PhP 5.6 million. Table 9. Damage to Health Sector Infrastructure and Equipment, by Area

Province/City

Estimated Damages (PhP000)

Infrastructure Equipment Total

Iligan City/Barangay 4,000 4,000 8,000

1. Sta. Cruz Rogongon Health Center 500 500 1,000

2. Hinaplanon HC 500 500 1,000

3. Tibanga HC 500 500 1,000

4. San Roque HC 500 500 1,000

5. Tambacan HC 500 500 1,000

6. Upper Hinaplanon HC 500 500 1,000

7. Digkilaan HC 500 500 1,000

8. Santiago HC 500 500 1,000

Misamis Occidental 6,500 5,500 12,000

1. SM Lao Hospital 3,000 2,500 5,500

2. Mayor Hilarion A. Ramiro Sr. Regional Training and Teaching Hospital

3,000 2,50 5,500

3. Langcangan HC 500 500 1,000

Cagayan de Oro City/Barangay 3,000 2,600 5,600

1. Balulang HC 500 500 1,000

2. Barangay 15 H 500 500 1,000

3. Bonbon HC 300 300

4. Consolacion HC 500 500 1,000

5. Puntod HC 300 300

6.Tibasak HC 1,500 500 2,000

TOTAL 13,500 12,100 25,600 Note : Actual estimation based on the monitoring and assessment done by the CHD-NM Health Facilities Section Source: CHD-NM (Region X)

Basic Education TS Sendong affected a total of 30 public elementary and secondary schools, with a total of 30,396 students, in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. About 60 percent of the students were from 15 affected schools in Cagayan de Oro City, while the remaining 40 percent were from Iligan City, which also has 15 affected schools. Over 2,000 public school teachers and personnel were affected, 190 of them lost their homes. Six teachers perished during the disaster.

Cagayan de Oro

City 59.6%

Iligan City 40.4%

Figure 6. Distribution of Affected Students by Area

27

On the other hand, 71.2 percent or 21,649 out of the 30,396 students enrolled in these schools were affected. Over 5,000 of the affected student lost their homes. As of the preparation of this report, 198 students are still missing while student death toll totaled 103. Table 10. Number of Affected Students and Teachers in Affected Public Schools Elementary and Secondary Level as of January 26, 2011

Dvision

Teachers/Personnel Students

Affected

Homeless

Missing Casualti

es Affecte

d Homeles

s Missin

g Casualti

es

Bukidnon 1

Cagayan de Oro City 886 69 18,965 1,749 74 57

Iligan City 984 117 5 644 3,569 124 39

Lanao del Norte 134 4

Misamis Oriental 66 1 2,040 25 7

DepEd Regional Office 39

Total 2,110 190

- 6 21,649 5,343 198 103

Source: DepEd-X

As a result of the flashflood, 390 partially damaged classrooms/school buildings need repair and/or rehabilitation. The damage was valued at PhP64.2 million. Another 141 classroom needs to be constructed to replace those that that were totally damaged or washed out. Total damage was valued at PhP122.1 million. The combined cost of partially and totally damaged school buildings is PhP186.3 million, distributed a follows: 61.6 percent for Cagayan de Oro City and 38.4 percent for Iligan City. Table 11. Number and Value of Damaged School Buildings/Classrooms in Cagayan de Oro

City and Iligan City (in PhP Million)

School Level

Classrooms for Repair and Construction

New Construction of Classrooms

Classrooms for Repair

Total

Quantity Cost Quantity Cost Quantity Cost

Cagayan de Oro City

Elementary 38 47.0 167 26.1 205 73.1

Secondary 36 24.5 118 17.1 154 41.6

Sub-Total 74 71.5 285 43.2 359 114.7

Iligan City

Elementary 46 50.7 69 19.8 115 70.5

Secondary 21 0.0 36 1.2 57 1.2

Sub-Total 67 50.7 105 21.0 298 71.6

Grand Total 141 122.1 390 64.2 657 186.3

Source: DepEd-X Note: There were no reported damages for other areas in Region X

Cagayan de Oro

City 61.6%

Iligan City 38.4%

Figure 7. Distribution of Value of Damaged School

Buildings by Area

28

Meanwhile, various school furniture, IT equipment, textbooks and reference materials were soaked in flood water. Over 21,000 units of furniture, including tables, chairs and cabinets, were damaged. These have a combined value of PhP21.2 million. Also rendered useless by the flood are 275 units of IT equipment, mainly computers and printer. The combined value of said equipment reached PhP7.8 million. The total value of the damaged 31,725 units of textbooks and reference materials in the affected schools in Iligan City reached PhP1.9 million. Table 12. Number and Value of Damaged Furniture, Books and Computers Cagayan de Oro

City and Iligan City (in PhP Million)

School Level Furniture IT Equipment

Textbooks and Reference Materials

Total Damage

Cost Quantity Cost Quantity Cost Quantity Cost

Cagayan de Oro City

Elementary 11,477 11 52 1.8 12.7

Secondary 6,265 6 98 3.4 9.4

Sub-Total 17,742 17 150 5.3 22.1

Iligan City

Elementary 2,273 3 45 0.9 21,725 1.1 4.9

Secondary 1,069 1 80 1.6 10,000 0.8 3.7

Sub-Total 3,342 4 125 2.5 31,725 1.9 8.7

Grand Total 21,084 21 275 7.8 31,725 1.9 30.8

Source: DepEd-X Note: There were no reported damages for other areas in Region X

Overall, the combined value of damage to school buildings, furniture, IT equipment, textbooks and reference materials reached PhP239.15 million. Cagayan de Oro accounted for 57.2 percent of the total damage, equivalent to PhP136.8 million. Meanwhile, Iligan City accounted for the remaining 42.8 percent, equivalent to PhP102.4.

Cagayan de Oro City 41.8%

Iligan City 58.2%

Cagayan de Oro

City 57.2%

Iligan City

42.8%

Figure 9. Distribution of Total Damage to

Various School Properties by Area

Figure 8. Distribution of Value of Damaged Furniture,

Books and Computers by Area

29

Higher Education TS Sendong adversely affected one state university and four private higher education institutions (HEIs) located in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. Thus, a total of five schools recorded significant damages especially to equipment and facilities with a total estimated value of about PhP20 million. Among the five schools, the MSU-IIT in Iligan recorded the most severely damaged teaching paraphernalia, materials and laboratory facilities with estimated cost of PhP10.4 million. This is followed by the GHPSC in CDO which destroyed properties amounting to PhP5 million, and MSHC also in Iligan (PhP3.8M), while the other two HEIs (COC and SPC) recorded a considerable amount of damage to property. Table 13. Damaged School Buildings/Education Facilities of HEIs

Name of HEIs Location Estimated

Cost (PhP000)

Percent Share to

Total

Golden Heritage Polytechnic State College (GHPSC)

Cagayan de Oro City 5,000.0

Cagayan de Oro College (COC) Cagayan de Oro City 256.0 Subtotal for CDO 5,256.0 27.0

Mindanao State University- Institute of Information Technology (MSU-IIT)

Iligan City 10,361.0

Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College (MSHC)

Iligan City 3,830.0

St. Peter‟s College (SPC) Iligan City 200.0 Subtotal for Iligan City 14,391.0 73.0

Total 19,647.0 100.0 Source: CHED-X

Livelihood and Employment With the ongoing profiling conducted by DOLE-X in the affected families outside and inside the evacuation centers, the number of affected persons initially identified to have lost their livelihoods/jobs totaled to 13,740 for both formal and informal sectors. The identified affected beneficiaries/workers in the following barangays in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City need immediate assistance in restoring their productive capacities. Table 14. Number of Persons with Affected (Formal and Informal Sector) Jobs/Livelihood

due to TS Sendong

Barangay Number of Persons Affected

Cagayan de Oro City Formal Informal

1. Balulang 25 2,355

2. Consolacion 56 1,744

3. Carmen 45 975

4. Iponan 20 350

5. Macasandig 92 1,438

Iligan City

6. Hinaplanon Proper 28 2,500

7. Santiago 25 1.085

8. Mahayahay 30 1,672

9. Hinaplanon Upper 35 540

10. Sta.Felomina 32 643

TOTAL 388 13,352 Source: DOLE- X (data as of February 3, 2012)

30

DOLE‟s initial release of PhP2.452 million to 366 greatly affected workers in the informal sector was an immediate response in restoring their income. The assistance was in a form of starter kits with capital assistance for various projects such as food processing, fruit and vegetable vending, backyard hog raising and electronics shops. Likewise, starter kits for carpenters, electricians, beautician, and dress shop were given.

Infrastructure and Utilities The infrastructure sector suffered damages on national and provincial/local roads and bridges, water and irrigations systems, power and telecommunications, and other infrastructures (inclusive of flood control projects, slope protection, and public buildings) with a total estimated damage of PhP 1.721 billion. The data below details the extent of damages to infrastructures caused by Tropical Storm Sendong.

Roads and Bridges

The forces of flash floods that included logs, massive silt and debris, and falling trees during the typhoon caused many major road networks impassable and bridges cut-off. Some strategic agricultural areas, such as the Municipality of Baungon, Bukidnon, were inaccessible for extended periods due to collapsed or damaged bridges and washed-out farm-to-market roads. Along mountainous and hard to reach barangays, such as Rogongon and Digkilaan in Iligan City, damages were caused by landslide and destructive strong water flow characterized with debris and logs. Figure 10. Distribution and Value of Estimated Cost of Damage to Roads and Bridges (in PhP000)

Source: OCD 10 SitRep and DPWH 10 Report on Damages, by Engineering District

Damages to roads and bridges accumulated to PhP1.190 billion, of which 69.7 percent (or PhP 830 million) accounted by national roads and bridges while the remaining 30.3 percent accounted for provincial or local roads and bridges. The amount includes estimated damages to flood control facilities along the Cagayan de Oro River amounting to PhP 525 million. Flood control structures damage include overtopped/breached dike along Barangays Carmen, Kauswagan and Bonbon. The seawall in Barangay Macabalan with approximate length of 1.80 km. revetment was washed out.

Local Roads 360,228

Nat'l: Bukidnon 1ST DEO. 4,400

Nat'l: Bukidnon 3rd DEO. 25,300

Nat'l: CDO 1stDEO. 220,000

Nat'l: CDO 2ndDEO. 360,000

Nat'l: Iligan City (LDN 2nd DEO). 220,334

National Roads, 845,034

31

Of the LGUs affected in terms of damage to infrastructures, combining both local and national classifications, Cagayan de Oro City incurred the highest damage cost estimated at PhP 678.7 million comprising 57 percent, followed by Iligan City with estimated cost of PhP389.9 million, sharing 32.8 percent (Table 15). Most of the incurred damages were attributed to the destruction of roads and bridges and major flood control facilities in Cagayan de Oro City, the total destruction of Mandulog Bridge 1 in Iligan City and Cabula Bridge in Baungon, Bukidnon and partial damage of Mandulog Bridge 2, also in Iligan City.

Moreover, contributing to the damages also included, among others, the eroded rubble concrete, scoured slope protection, eroded roadways and shoulders, damaged approaches, scoured retaining walls/revetment and road cut/slides.

Debris at Mandulog Bridge 1 Approach B

Mandulog Bridge I along Iligan City Highway Secondary Diversion Road - collapsed last Dec. 16, 2011

32

Table 15. Estimated Cost of Damage to Roads and Bridges, by Local Government Unit Affected (In PhP „000)

AFFECTED AREA DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGE ESTD. COST OF DAMAGE

LOCAL ROADS AND BRIDGES 360,228.5

Bukidnon Local Roads Damage to municipal roads and bridges

12,108.7

Cagayan de Oro City Damage to city roads and bridges, spillways and dikes

98,702.7

Iligan City Roads and Bridges Damage of city roads and bridges, farm-to-market roads

169,554.0

Misamis Oriental Damage of provincial roads, bridges, farm-to-market roads and spillways

68,843.1

Misamis Occidental Municipal roads and bridges 11,020.0

NATIONAL ROADS AND BRIDGES 830,033.8

Bukidnon 1ST

DEO Damage of major Roads/Bridges 4,400.0

Bukidnon 3rd

DEO Damage of major Roads/Bridges 25,300.3

Cagayan de Oro 1stDEO Damage of major Roads/Bridges 220,000.0

Cagayan de Oro 2nd

DEO Damage of major Roads/Bridges 360,000.0

Iligan City (Lanao del Norte 2nd

DEO) Damage of major Roads/Bridges 220,333.5

TOTAL 1,190,262.3

Sources: Department of Public Works and Highways Regional Office 10, Provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental and Cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, OCD Region 10 Report

Water Source and Distribution Systems TS Sendong also caused damages to water supply systems managed by the various water supply service providers. The total value of damage to water system facilities and service connections is estimated at PhP176.711 million. Most of the damages were incurred by the Cagayan de Oro Water District (COWD) sharing 89 percent of the total damages on water systems. The damage affected about 80 percent of COWD‟s total service area coverage.

December 19-20,2011- Clearing of access road and facilities of Cagayan de Oro City Water District (COWD)

33

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p 1

0.

Dam

ag

e t

o R

oa

d In

fra

str

uc

ture

Re

gio

n 1

0

34

Irrigation Systems Some irrigation dams and canals were damaged during the onset of TS Sendong with an estimated total cost of PhP 253.9 million. The Province of Bukidnon was the hardest hit among the LGUs affecting 11 barangays with a total damage estimated at PhP 138.9 million or 54.7 percent of the total damage on irrigation systems.

Power and Electricity A number of power transmission and distribution lines were damaged and toppled off due to the strong winds brought about by the typhoon with a total damage estimated at PhP82 million. Reportedly, several electric posts and distribution lines of the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP), CEPALCO, PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority and MORESCO I fell down with an estimated cost of PhP3.169 million, PhP75.812 million, PhP3 million and PhP 9.186 million, respectively. Consequently, this resulted in massive brownout in many areas in Bukidnon, Cagayan de Oro City, PHIVIDEC Industrial area, Municipality of Talakag and some parts of Misamis Oriental. CEPALCO incurred the highest damage cost sharing 92 percent due to damage in its Bubunawan Mini-hydro Power Plant located in Baungon, Bukidnon. In the distribution utilities (DUs), damages were mainly caused by strong winds, debris, and fallen vegetation and flooding. Economic losses were due mainly to lost revenues from unserved electricity demands caused by the power outages. Figure 11. Percentage Distribution of Estimated Cost of Damage to Lifeline Infrastructures

Sources: Department of Public Works and Highways Regional Office 10, ERC, Provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental and Cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, OCD Region 10 Report

33.27%

47.80%

17.16%

0.47% 1.30%

Water System

Irrigation Systems

Power and Electrification

Telecommunications

Other GovernmentFacilities

35

Table 16. Estimated Cost of Damage to Lifeline Infrastructures and Other Facilities (PhP „000)

PUBLIC UTILITIES LOCATION ESTIMATED DAMAGES

Water System Facilities and Service Connections

Various barangays covered by Cagayan de Oro Water District in Cagayan de Oro City

157,211.0

HinaplanonDeepwells and Pumping Station

16,500.0

Manticao Waterworks System 3,000.0

Sub-Total 176,711.0

Irrigation Systems 3 barangays in Iligan City 2 barangays in Cagayan de Oro 6 barangays in Misamis Oriental 11 barangays in Bukidnon 7 barangays in Misamis Occidental

12,500.0 24,000.0 31,480.0

138,900.0 47,000.0

Sub-Total 253,880.0

Electric Power Transmission Lines

Cagayan de Oro Electric Power and Light Company area of coverage in Cagayan de Oro and Misamis Oriental

75,812.0

PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority 3,000.0

Service areas of MORESCO I in Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental and Bukidnon

9,185.8

NGCP Transmission structures in Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte and Misamis Oriental

3,169.0

Sub-Total 91,166.8

Telecommunications Remote Line Units, Telephone Cabinets, Poles, Fiber Optic Cables & Lines

Barangays Balulang and Carmen, Cagayan de Oro City

2,504.0

Other Government Properties Cagayan de Oro City 6,879.0

TOTAL 531,140.8

Sources: Department of Public Works and Highways Regional Office 10, ERC, Provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental and Cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, OCD Region 10 Report

Telecommunications The storms and related flooding caused damage to the telecommunications infrastructure, including fixed lines, remote line units, telephone cabinets, poles and fiber optic cables, as well as subscriber distribution lines and broadband (Internet) networks, resulting in temporary network outages in some areas.

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Governance There is limited data on actual cost of damages and losses to local government units in the affected areas. Field visits, community walkthroughs, and consultations with LGU officials revealed that the flood caused damage to public buildings (barangay halls, day care centers, health centers), vehicles, facilities and equipment, documents, supplies, office furniture and IT systems. The LGUs suffered losses in terms of decreased resource generating activities, and disruptions/suspension in services delivery. This, however, was reportedly short-term in nature as lifelines for LGU government operations were restored in 2-3 weeks.4 Box 1: Damage to barangay government operations

“Kami affected gihapon. Dili pud mi katrabaho kay busy pud. Diri wash-out pud (barangay hall). Dili mi kasulod kay grabe ang pita, baga kaayo. Ang mga naglimpyo sa among barangay mga NGOs lang, mga volunteers, usa ang Gawad Kalinga. Dili pa back-to-normal ang operation namo kay kulang-kulang ang mga gamit. Nangabasa ang files og nangadaot ang computers ug uban pang gamit. Paralyze gyud tanan. Business clearance lang among kita og barangay clearance sa wala naapektuhan labi na sa ibabaw. (We were also affected. We cannot work here in the barangay hall since we were busy attending to the needs of our families. Our office was not spared. We cannot go inside because of the deep mud. The NGOs including Gawad Kalinga, and other volunteer groups helped us in the clean-up operations. However, our operations are still paralyzed since most of our equipment, files, and furniture were damaged. We only get our revenues from application of business clearances, and barangay clearance from those who were spared by the flooding.)” – Key informants from Barangay 13: Kagawad Rosalina Lauron (acting barangay captain), Anthony Ordoña (secretary), and Jaquilin Alias (barangay treasurer)

Expected losses by the local governments include, among others: (1) cost in the restoration of office operations, (2) cost of clean-up operations of roads, and other public goods affected by the flooding, and (3) reduction of own-source of income generation as a result of the suspension of or interruptions in office and public enterprise operations. A survey commissioned by the Oro Chamber showed that, in Cagayan de Oro City alone, damage to equipment and structures of MSMEs and the manufacturing sector amounted to almost PhP1 billion5. Replacement or repair of these equipment would take some time, resulting in loss of business and receipts, in turn adversely affecting tax receipts of the local government. The early warning and emergency response mechanisms were not in place, before the onset of the storm and at the first rush of floodwaters. Rescue operations organized by the LGUs and the private sector were limited since rescuers were also stranded, thus wasting precious minutes and hours before operations could begin. In Cagayan de Oro City, Xavier University (XU) and the Red Cross were among the first to organize a relief operations and evacuation center at the school campus. In Iligan City, the local government reportedly led in coordinating relief efforts of the national government agencies, the private sector, the church, and other aid agencies. Box 2: Lack of Disaster preparedness

“Alas-3 sa sayo sa buntag nagsugod ang rescue katong ni-action na ug kunhod ang tubig. Ako miyembro man sa rescue pero nag-iya-iya na mi. Ang barangay officials pud gisanapan. Naay nagpahibalo sa amo sa posibleng dakong baha pero wala lang mi kay naanad lagi sa una na ang

4 98% of power restored in affected areas in Cagayan de Oro City and Iligan City. (OCD Situation

Report as of 7 January 2012) 5 Not indicated in the damages for trade and industry sector since official sources of data are the

regional/local DRRMCs

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baha kutob salog lang. Nakadungog ko na ang akong mga silingan nagsininggita og naga-ampo, ang uban nangahulog na sa tubig, ang uban nangalumos intawon”. (Rescue operations started only at 3am when flood waters receded. But it was already too late. I am also a member of the barangay rescue team, but we had no choice but to save first ourselves and our families. The barangay officials were victims as well. Someone informed us about the possible flooding but we ignored it since floods before only reached floor level. I could hear my neighbors' wailing. Others were praying, while others unfortunately fell to the raging waters and drowned.) - Efren, 41 years old, a father and motorela dispatcher, resident of Isla de Oro “Wala ko kabalo na naay baha moabutay. Pero mga alas-4 sa hapon padulong sa alas-9 sa gabii, gaulan ug kusog na kaayo ang hangin. Abi ko normal lang to siya na ulan. Wala mi nagtuo na ing-ato kadako ang impact na mahitabo”. (I didn’t know that there will be flooding. However, between 4:00-9:00pm, it was continuously raining and the wind was so strong. I thought the rain was just normal. We didn’t expect the impact to be that huge.) – Annalie, 26 years old, merienda stall owner, Brgy. 7 resident (Roxas Quarry) “It's a big awful lie to say that residents ignored the warning regarding the flashflood. There was no

warning! Everyone was caught off-guard and the flashflood happened past midnight with no electricity. – Angel, teacher, resident of Balulang, Cagayan de Oro City

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IV. Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts The aftermath of TS Sendong caused serious disruption in the living conditions, economic activities, environment and even the land use situation of the affected areas. With the widespread human, economic, productive and environmental damages and losses, the capacity and resources of affected communities have to be augmented to hasten the rehabilitation and recovery efforts. On the other hand, the impact of disasters may extend beyond the affected areas through unexpected population transfer, risk of disease transmission or outbreak, increasing demand for basic social services, among others. Almost all sectors were affected by the said storm. However, the most vulnerable are the poor owing to their lack of capacity to cope with the effects of the disaster, particularly in restoring their lost dwellings and livelihood. Another devastating impact is undeniably along psycho social and trauma which is often neglected or has lower priority in most post-disaster programs. As a result of the disaster, social disruption or family support system suffered some breakdown due to losses of lives and employment which may cause possible dislocation and migration of some family members in search of livelihood or another work. The psychological trauma of losing immediate family members, relatives and friends and the shock of the disaster event may take much longer time to heal and recover than rebuilding the physical damages and harm caused by the disaster. Thus, the incident rendered certain groups, such as children and elderly without immediate family members, orphans, persons with disabilities, among others, more vulnerable due to lack of adequate support. These are the special groups that need priority support for them to survive the impact of disaster.

The disaster may also have significant political consequences in terms of how fast and organized are the local mechanisms and structures in managing the rescue, response and the recovery process. The succeeding section provides the detailed account of the effects and impacts of TS Sendong, by major sector, which may pose serious implications in terms of prioritizing the interventions that have to be implemented in the affected areas.

Economic Sector

Agriculture and Fishery The agriculture sector suffered from the onslaught of TS Sendong that brought damages and losses to agricultural and fishery productions. Affected provinces, specifically, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental will eventually incur a negative production growth in crops, livestock, and fishery products within the year. In turn, this will affect the income and productive capacities of population who are dependent on the agriculture and fishery sectors. The destruction of Cabula bridge resulted to disruption in the flow of goods between Baungon, Bukidnon and Cagayan de Oro City. Among the worst affected are the farmers and the traders in the area.

The damages in the fishery sector have greatly affected the economic activities of 228 fisherfolk and operators. It caused significant loss in potential fish production which has financial and employment implications to the fishery sector in terms of lost income.

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Moreover, the disaster has caused the decline in sales of fishery products because of the hesitation of the buying public to eat fish and other marine products. People believed that these animals have eaten the bodies of the flood victims that were washed away to the seas. The total direct economic losses of the fishery sector will have a negative impact on the fishing industry, Hence, the need to immediately rehabilitate/replace damaged fishponds and other fishing paraphernalia, as well as distribute fingerlings to avoid economic displacement and for the fisherfolk to recover and resume their fishing activities.

Food Security Rice production losses reached 4,384 metric tons, which is equivalent to 0.88 percent of the whole year rice requirement of the region of 495,281 metric tons. Meanwhile, the three percent loss in corn production of about 11,431 metric tons is equivalent to 0.9 percent of the 2011 corn requirement of 1,297,435 metric tons.

While the production loss may be minimal against the total rice and corn requirements of the region, nevertheless, if the affected support facilities and damaged areas of rice, corn, and vegetables, as well as the washed out fishery facilities will not be rehabilitated within the next few months, then the region may incur negative agricultural production growth this year.

Environmental Impact Flash floods, like that triggered by TS Sendong, are considered hydrometeorological phenomena6 that directly and indirectly affect environmental assets and services. For instance, floods affect earth‟s topography through erosion, water-saturation and landslides, and sedimentation7 and potential changes in land use structure8. Floods also result in riverbed siltation, as well as systemic transformations or impacts such as water pollution that also carry potential health hazards.9 Studies indicate that tropical river systems, such as the Cagayan de Oro River and Mandulog River in Iligan City, are prone to flash flooding events.10 While floods may reduce biodiversity and species richness11 in the affected ecosystems in the region, the adverse impact of biodiversity loss has not been officially estimated yet. This would be subject to scientific studies of the affected areas, particularly the forest areas and riverside barangays. Anecdotally, however, the destruction of habitats poses an imbalance in biodiversity resources as some species may have been washed away from their natural habitats and transposed elsewhere and, conversely, new non-endemic species have been relocated or transposed in the said areas from whence the native species were forcibly removed by the flood. For instance, flooding provides a way for some fish species to move to different areas as some of them depend on periodic extreme flooding.12 In addition, floods also have positive effects such as potential increase of pasture area for raising livestock, increased water availability or replenishment of aquifers.13

6 US Department of Commerce – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

7 Otero RC and Marti RZ, The impacts of natural disasters on developing economies: Implications for the

International Development and Disaster Community 8Emergency Response Service, European Union

9Handbook for estimating the socio-economic and environmental effects of disasters, Economic Commission for

Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) 10

Hickley J and Salas J, Environmental impacts of extreme floods, US-Italy Research Workshop on the

Hydrometeorology, Impacts, and Management of Extreme Floods (1995) 11

European Commission, Flood Risk Management 12

Hickley J and Salas J, op. cit. 13

Mechler R, Cost-benefit analysis of natural disaster risk management in developing countries, Federal Republic

of Germany, Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, (August 2005)

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Thus, subsequent scientific studies to be conducted in the ecosystems of the affected areas in the region are expected to account for these impacts.

Trade and Industry Aside from the damage to property, equipment and inventory, most SMEs have foregone income as an immediate result of disaster. Business operations were disrupted due to the flooding, as well as to the loss of electricity and water supply that followed. Partial estimate of foregone income amounted to PhP39.33 million. This amount would have been the income earned had it not been for the disaster which disrupted business operations for six weeks from December 16, 2011-January 27, 2012. This figure could be much higher considering that not all affected MSMEs responded to the survey conducted by DTI-10. Table 17. Estimated Foregone Income of MSMEs Due to TS Sendong (PhP „000)

Province Estimated Foregone Income

Bukidnon 8,000

Lanao del Norte 22,750

Misamis Oriental 8,580

Regional Total 39,330 Source: DTI-10 Survey of Affected MSMEs Note: Partial data as of January 27, 2012

The damage to equipment and machinery will have adverse impact on business production. It could result to overall low production capacity for the year, particularly for the manufacturing industry such as the food processors, paper production plant, and furniture shops which experienced the highest damage on equipment and machinery.

Other businesses located in the region and even in other parts of the country will be indirectly affected. Their business partners, suppliers and subcontractors from the affected areas may be not be able to meet delivery schedules and orders.

Affected firms may also need to orient/retrain their staff and personnel on flood safety practices. This is likely for those firms whose production plants, offices, warehouses are located in flood-prone areas.

SMEs who have relied heavily on external funding from commercial/government banks and cooperatives will find it harder to look for capital to fund start-up operations. This is due to their inability to provide collateral as properties and equipment have been damaged by the flood. Therefore, government intervention is necessary to ensure that SMEs are given access to capital especially that SMEs‟ credit worthiness has been adversely affected. Low interest bearing loans with extended terms will be a great help for SMEs to start over again.

On the other hand, financial grants, entrepreneurial training and other forms of technical assistance will be necessary for the affected micro enterprises whose needs and coping capacity differ from the SMEs.

Finally, there will be greater need for government intervention in ensuring that business establishments become more resilient and able to reduce their vulnerability to hazards. Stricter implementation of zoning ordinances, the Building Code and other policy changes will definitely have long-term effect in the way of doing business in the region, particularly for those MSMEs affected by the flood. The disaster has made government more aware of its responsibility to regulate business activities and become more vigilant in the implementation of its land use plan. This will be the most critical impact of the flooding to the trade and industry sector since government‟s

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fervor and intervention to reduce the region‟s vulnerability to hazards will definitely influence where establishments will be located and how it should conduct its business.

Tourism The month of December is one of the peak seasons for white water rafting tours, which the city of Cagayan de Oro is famous for. However, for 2011, the primary source of their operation, which is the Cagayan de Oro River, has tested the fate of the white water rafting operators, who have also proven their capabilities to serve during disasters by being among the first respondents in the rescue and recovery of victims and survivors. As an effect to their operation, there had been cancellation of white water rafting tour reservations. From December 17, 2011 to January 23, 2012, there were about 786 persons who cancelled their rafting tours. The estimated foregone income of the rafting tour operators is PhP616,000. A 10 percent decrease in tour sales is expected among rafting tour operators for 2012. The temporary closure of operation also affected the main source of livelihood of the people selling and buying assorted goods near the embarkation and disembarkation areas. On the part of the hotel and restaurant operators in Cagayan de Oro, losses due to the cancellation of some function bookings such as Christmas parties, as well as cancellation of room and accommodation reservations affected the income of the hotel and restaurant operators for the period. The temporary disruption of the water connection from Cagayan de Oro Water District also resulted to temporary closure of some operators such as apartelles, tourist inns and pension houses. However, some established hotels in the city that have their own water pumps have continued their operation and facilitated accommodations of some affected families who resorted to living in hotels and accommodation facilities as their temporary shelter. Influx of tourists to the two cities and other parts of the region has also been affected especially during the first two months of the disaster. This was largely attributed to the shortages of water, inaccessibility of some areas due to clogged roads and debris, as well as the insurmountable piles of garbage in many parts of the affected areas.

Social Sector

Shelter The transfer of IDPs from transition areas to permanent shelters serve as benchmark for the shift from the stage of response/relief into early rehabilitation/recovery. The decline in physical and emotional health of affected individuals, as well as the cases of suicide in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan indicate the urgent need to relocate IDPs in safe and sustainable permanent communities. This gives them a sense of normalcy, hence; allow them to rebuild their lives and progress. More than a month after the incident of TS Sendong, IDPs still have full dependence on government and donor assistance. With thousands still left homeless, a number of IDPs resort to migrating back to their respective provinces/homeland to avoid the strain and inconveniences in crammed evacuation centers while others stay with relatives/friends. Meanwhile, those who have the economic means were absorbed by rental and hotel/motel accommodations. Host families of IDPs also experience the brunt caused by TS Sendong. Apart from the disruption of normal activities, resources intended for one family is shared between the host and displaced families.

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The disaster caused significant destruction to houses and other buildings and structures in the region, hence, affecting the housing stock which may have a corresponding effect on the GDP (need for further assessment). In addition, with the need for rapid and large influx of

construction materials for resettlement areas, there may be a need to source out materials from neighboring regions and islands, hence have indirect repercussions on the flow of goods and funds in the region. With the bulk of the houses rendered inhabitable, the establishment of permanent and safe relocation sites for the affected families was immediately administered. Uprooting entire communities into safer resettlement areas poses a challenge to all stakeholders involved; from the line agency responsible for resettlement, to the host local government and the families which will most likely be transferred farther away from their income sources and schools. As a life-changing experience, families may be apprehensive in being transferred to said areas if it lacks the needed support services and livelihood opportunities. At present, the identified resettlement areas still have a long way to go for barren lands to be transformed into a promise land of the IDPs. In general, bulk of the IDPs needing immediate relocation come from the informal sector, detailed data of beneficiaries and their prevailing livelihood activities have yet to be generated and validated. As the key cities of the region with rapid urbanization under way, establishing sustainable and disaster-resilient communities for IDPs is of utmost priority.

Education

Immediate Effects Felt. Suspension of classes is one of the direct effects to the affected schools. While TS Sendong and the floods occurred at the start of the two-week Christmas vacation, the holiday period was not enough to prepare the affected schools, as well as the affected students and school personnel for the resumption of classes on January 3, 2012 (Tuesday). With elementary and secondary schools totally washed out and/or school buildings severely damaged, students did not have rooms to hold classes. School buildings and classrooms that were spared needed cleaning to remove the mud brought by the flood. Apart from school structures, furniture, IT equipment, school supplies, books and reference materials were destroyed.

The remaining houses left standing in Brgy. Cala-cala, Macasandig, Cagayan de Oro City where a highly dense population used to reside. Source: NEDA-X

Severely damaged Mandulog Bridge I in Brgy.Hinaplanon, Iligan City, beside of which are where settlements used to stand. Source: NEDA-X

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Tents pitched within the school campus to serve are temporary shelter for the affected families

One of the buildings in Cabili Village Elementary School in Purok 3, Brgy.Santiago destroyed by floods. Flood height reached 2m (red dashed line).

Source: LGU-Iligan City Source: MGB-X

Some of the classrooms were also used as temporary shelters of the IDPs. For a period of time, key places in the affected higher education institutions like the gymnasium or covered courts were also used as evacuation centers or were stocked with damaged properties in the hope to save and recycle. Disruptions to classes were also observed as students and teachers alike need to clean the grisly picture of mountains of garbage and wastes found both in school and affected areas. The calamity created in the affected schools an environment not conducive for learning. The disruption of classes, the distraction to students in the schools used as evacuation centers, and the lack of learning materials and facilities are likely to manifest in poorer student performance. Thus, there is need for urgent attention to the rehabilitation and/or relocation of the affected schools. The need for massive clean-up and repair of destroyed furniture/equipment were continuously conducted to fast track resumption of classes. Some elementary and secondary students needed to transfer to other schools. Meeting new students and school personnel, as well as adjusting to a new environment may provide additional stress to already distressed children. Meanwhile, the additional students in receiving schools from disaster affected areas resulted to crowding in classrooms, with some students having no desks and chairs. Absenteeism, both among students and school personnel, has ben also observed. Their absence is attributed to their need to relocate and/or to recover physically. However, to some, non-attendance is also partly attributed to their varying levels of trauma and depression, particularly those who lost a family member(s) and those whose homes were washed out. These indicate the need for psychosocial debriefings to help them cope and stabilize their situations. On one hand, affected students need urgent attention given that those who are both mentally and physically fit learn more and make better use of their learning. On the other hand, the psychosocial needs of the school personnel need to be addressed with same level of urgency as schools are directly affected. Schools cannot operate effectively without a physically able and mentally fit human resource. It is noted that the inability of these personnel to cope will eventually redound to adverse effect on students‟ enthusiasm to learn.

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On top of the lack of enthusiasm of some students to return to school, their parents may not provide them the needed encouragement to continue schooling. As many of the affected are poor, what meager family resources left may be prioritized for food and other basic needs for survival. Thus, the call to enroll and retain children in schools may eventually, if not immediately, be ignored. Foreseen/ Further Adverse Impacts in Basic Education On top of the immediate effects of the disaster on the public basic education system are medium- to long-term impacts. Working towards attaining the EFA and MDG targets has become even more of an uphill attempt. Post-disaster participation rates in both elementary and secondary levels may further fall far below the MDG target of 100 percent. It is noted that prior to TS Sendong, the region already had difficulty of attaining even just the RDP target, which is more conservative than the EFA and MDG targets. If the learning materials are not addressed with urgency, student performance may remain hampered. This situation will have its greatest negative effects to already poor-performing students or those who need special attention. If not appropriately addressed, achievement rates may decrease while repetition rates may increase. The situation is also likely to result to higher dropout rate and to lower cohort survival than the pre-disaster levels. On a positive note, disaster awareness and preparedness sunk in deeper into the consciousness of students and school personnel. This is expected to result to greater individual-level resilience. Moreover, there is an opportunity to make these affected students and personnel, who have valuable testimonies and learning from their experience, advocates of DRR CCA in their respective localities/places of residence. Thus, apart from individual-level resilience, the achievement of community-level resilience may be hastened as well.

Health and Nutrition The impact on health requires concerted action on the following areas: a) protect the health of the affected population, b) evacuate and or relocate victims of disasters to ensure health safety/security, and c) mobilize access and delivery of health services due to damages in health infrastructure. The said disaster caused an unexpected number of casualties, injuries and increase incidence of diseases in the affected areas which exceeded the therapeutic capacity of the local health services. With the huge affected population, the extraordinary demand on the health sector arising from the storm poses difficulty in terms of limited number/access to facilities, availability of personnel and shortage of medical equipment and supplies like medicines. Thus, the situation pushed the concerned LGUs and the regional office of the DOH to mobilize resources and solicit external help. With the destruction of the sewerage and drainage systems due to the high pressure and water level brought about by the flashflood, the prevalence of water-borne diseases increased. Cases of leptospirosis reached 613 of which 21 lives were claimed. Cagayan de Oro City posted the highest number of cases and deaths, followed by Iligan City.

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Table 18. Leptospirosis Cases, Affected Areas of TS Sendong

City/Province Number of Barangays Affected

Cases* Deaths

Number % Share Number % Share

Cagayan de Oro City 10 411 67 11 53

Iligan City 10 163 27 7 33

Misamis Oriental 3 municipalities 39 6 3 14

Total 613 100 21 100 *For the period December 2011- January 13, 2012; Source: RDRRMC-X

With focused monitoring of leptospirosis cases and intensified distribution of prophylaxis, the prevalence of the disease drastically reduced. The congestion, lack/limited supply of water, unsanitary health practices in evacuation centers and other affected areas also resulted to increased incidence of diseases. The surveillance in post extreme emergencies and disasters conducted by DOH reported the prevalence of various diseases particularly affecting the children and infants who are vulnerable to diseases when housed/exposed to unhealthy conditions. In the series of medical consultations conducted in the evacuation centers for the period January 19- 21, 2012, the following cases were reported: Table 19. Cases of Common Diseases in Evacuation Centers, Cities of Cagayan and Iligan

Type of Disease Cases Percent Share

Acute Respiratory Infections 611 42.9

Fever 210 14.7

Acute Watery Diarrhea 357 25.1

Open Wounds Bruises 120 8.4

Others (e.g. acute asthma attack, acute jaundice syndrome, diabetes, hypertension,skin diseases, measles)

127 8.9

Total 1,425 100.0 Source: RDRRMC-X

Acute respiratory infection is identified as the leading disease, followed by diarrhea. Thus, the disaster may also have adverse effects on increasing the potential risk of transmissible diseases that may result to increased mortality and premature deaths and could lower the quality of life in the future. Although food shortage in evacuation centers is not a problem, the nutrition content of foods distributed to the affected persons was not guaranteed. Thus, acute malnutrition is also reported especially among young children, lactating mothers and pregnant women. For some mothers, breastfeeding has been affected due to stress, tension, quality of food intake and congestion in evacuation centers. The mental health and psychological and social behavior of the affected families and persons likewise deserves special attention. While the victims or survivors recover from the initial shock, anxiety, neurosis and depression can arise that may lead to more serious problems such as suicide, loss of livelihood or productive endeavor, among others. There was one reported case of suicide through self-inflicted wounds in one of the evacuation centers due to depression. Thus, it is essential that psychosocial services and social welfare program should be an integral part of the recovery framework. Apart from the affected persons or communities, the psychological support program should also be provided to all workers, volunteers and authorities providing services in the affected areas as they also become psychologically distressed and emotionally drained from the disaster event and have been working in difficult conditions.

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The destruction of hospitals and health centers along with the medical equipment and supplies hampered the prompt delivery of post-disaster or emergency health services to the affected population. Moreover, the situation also altered the provision of routine health-care services to the affected barangays. This may have subsequent long-term consequences in terms of increased morbidity and mortality if health facilities/services are not immediately restored in the affected areas, as well as in evacuation centers and the temporary shelters/transition sites. In anticipation of broad movements of affected population to areas where they will resettle, health care and sanitation facilities and services should be in place to prevent the risk of disease outbreak or susceptibility of the host communities and surrounding areas to potential health hazards. The swift mobilization of communities, local and national and even international resources and services along health, nutrition and sanitation in the immediate period after the typhoon may reduce the impact in the health sector. Hence, rehabilitation and recovery concerns will have to be addressed more quickly and effectively to address health concerns of affected communities.

Employment and Livelihood TS Sendong has not only resulted to loss of lives and properties but also destroyed jobs and livelihood of the typhoon-affected families. Many families have lost their livelihood, particularly those who had small sari-sari stores, home-based or small scale food processing and handicrafts, apart from losing their backyard animals and other land/agriculture -based assets. The displacement and loss of income have contributed to the people‟s depression and low self-esteem. This in turn also affected the other family members particularly the children who are largely dependent on their parents/adult family members for survival. There have been drastic changes in terms of their behavior and motivation to work considering the suffering and horrible experiences caused by the flood. The immediate provision of livelihood support through food and cash-for-work activities and emergency employment for the displaced workers on the cleaning of debris (de-clogging of canals and waterways, road cleaning) helped the families recover and restore their productive capacities. The livelihood recovery process cuts across the different stages of crisis response from relief and early recovery to more permanent or sustainable manner of interventions. A survey/profiling on affected families conducted by DOLE is now being consolidated with similar surveys conducted by other agencies/sectors (e.g. DSWD, Trade Unions) to harmonize efforts along livelihood/employment provision. The results of the survey will help in the identification and prioritization of beneficiaries for more sustainable livelihood assistance.

Lifeline Infrastructures and Other Facilities Lifelines are systems and facilities that provide critical services vital to the function of a community, safety, economic vitality and way of life. Likewise, lifeline facilities are imperative to the emergency response and recovery after a natural disaster such as the one caused by TS Sendong. These infrastructures include communication, power and electricity, transportation (roads and bridges, airports, ports and transit), water, and wastewater facilities.

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The damage to critical infrastructures disrupted the normal functioning of the affected communities, local government units, NGOs and business alike. It produced cascading effects even beyond the physical location of the disaster. The impact further inhibits the capacity of the LGUs, service providers and communities during and after emergencies. Power supply was totally cut off for more than 24 hours in affected areas, particularly in the cities of Iligan and Cagayan de Oro which started in the evening of December 16, 2012 due to strong winds and heavy rains. The power outages in the hardest hit areas exacerbated the negative impacts of the storm. The families affected, as well as the rescuers did not see clearly the safe way out of the flood due to limited visibility and this has contributed to unimaginable number of deaths and missing people. With the destruction of major water sources, tanks and booster pumps, water supply was heavily affected for both cities. For almost a month, the two cities experienced scarcity of water. Damage to water distribution facilities resulted to deterioration of health triggered by lack of potable water to drink and problem in sanitation. Damage to roads and bridges significantly reduced the mobility of people, goods and services. There was difficulty in accessing the areas where urgent response and relief were most needed. The magnitude of debris, garbage and mud that blocked major roads took longer time to remove and restore normal flow of traffic. Farmers in upland barangays, prominently in the municipality of Baungon, although not directly affected by the flooding, were not able to bring their products to market centers due to the collapsed Cabula Bridge and farm-to-market roads that provided the shortest route or access to and from the market. Even more than a month passed, the repair/reconstruction of the major bridges such as Cabula Bridge and Mandulog Bridge 1 are still not yet done. Bamboo raft and motorized boats provide alternative means of transportation for the people in Baungon and other areas that depend on Cabula Bridge as access. Moreover, tramline, a steel cable system with steel cage that can carry up to 350 kilos of various agricultural crops, was installed to temporarily provide means to transport farm products from Sitio Maasin, Baungon, Bukidnon across Cagayan River to Sitio Cabula, Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City. Irrigation dams and canals that were damaged disrupted the operation of irrigation systems to provide the needed water to rice fields and high value crops. Time needed to repair or reconstruct these irrigation dams and canals would take some time and reduce the attainment of the target production level to achieve food security in the region. The flood control structures and seawall damaged along the Cagayan de Oro River further puts people and properties at risk. Repair and rehabilitation of damage structures and construction of flood mitigating facilities therefore should be prioritized to protect the low-lying and flood-prone areas of Cagayan de Oro City that are densely populated. The damage to infrastructure facilities further justifies the need for the local government units to review policies on land-use planning. Consequently, disaster resilient infrastructures should be considered in the design of programs and projects to mitigate the effects of disasters. The economic losses resulted from reduced income of farmers and small entrepreneurs due to high cost of transportation, increased vehicle operation costs, travel delays as roads were inaccessible and longer travel time, could have been used for some other productive activities. Unstable power supply also brought losses to manufacturing and service sectors due to its inability to produce the goods/services on time or as needed.

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Local Governance TS Sendong is expected to put a strain in local public finances in the medium-term. The local, national and international humanitarian response have been more than sufficient for the short term, but the LGUs will need enormous financial requirements for recovery and rehabilitation.

The next big concern after the relief phase is the resettlement of the IDPs to permanent relocation. LGUs should collaborate with donor agencies, implementing agencies, NGOs and other volunteer groups who have committed to the building of these new communities. Providing for livelihood and safety in the new communities is a primary concern. While construction for resettlement and vital infrastructure is ongoing, the LGUs are obliged to continue to provide for the daily sustenance, health needs, and temporary work of those who remain in the evacuation and

temporary shelters. The remaining clearing up operations, will entail large financial and human resources. Even as financial aid dry up, LGUs are expected to increasingly feel most of the indirect and secondary losses. While all LGUs heavily depend on IRA of the national government (on the average about 80 percent of total LGU income), the LGUs which have higher proportion on own income sources (Cagayan de Oro City, Iligan City, and Misamis Oriental) are more likely to suffer serious fiscal pressure in the next fiscal year as a result of lower own-income collections.14 Furthermore, the decline of IRA in 2012-2013 due to lower national revenues in 2009-2010 would be an added concern. These LGUs will thus face the challenge of meeting increased demand for services with diminished incomes from regular sources. On a positive note, TS Sendong has placed on a higher plane the awareness of local officials and general population on climate change and the need for disaster risk reduction and management. Various sectors lamented the local governments' unpreparedness, and called for an integrated response to reduce disaster risks, and enhanced capacities of local governments for climate change adaptation.

14

Shares of local income to total income: Cagayan de Oro City (53%) and Iligan City (39%). (BLGF SIE for 2009)

Box 2: Resettlement issues “Sa Calaanan ko gusto magpa-relocate. Didto unta mi ibutang sa Xavier (Lumbia), pero wala ko mouban kay layo man. Akong bata nag-eskwela diri (downtown), unya ang akong pangita dispatcher lang gud sa rela sa Cogon. Unsaon man na kung didto sa Lumbia nga layu. Wala nay kita moabot kay unsa ra man ang income sa dispatcher. Mokita ko ug PhP100 human ang plete didto sa jeep PhP 50 round trip, unsaon man na.” (I want to be relocated in Calaanan, instead of Lumbia. My son studies here (downtown), and I work as a motorela (tricycle) dispatcher in Cogon. My daily income is only PhP 100, but the round trip fare to and from Cogon is already PhP50. What's left for us? - Efren, 41 years old, motorela dispatcher, temporarily lives in an evacuation center in City Central Elementary School

Wala pa mi kabalo kung aha mi makabalhin. Ok ra ko bahala ug asa ko ibutang basta safe. Dili ko mamili, kung mosulti sila adto ko, adto ko. Ginoo ko (diri sa mga tents) murag kami ug gi-steamer pero wala maluto. (We still don't know where we will be resettled. Anywhere is ok for as long as it's safe. I will not be picky, if they say I will stay

somewhere, I will follow them. For God‟s sake, here in the tents, it‟s likewe‟re inside a steamer. – Luzviminda, mother, 44 years old in an evacuation center in City Central Elementary School

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Impact on the Regional Economy The latest estimates of the damages and losses (combined) brought by TS Sendong is placed conservatively at PhP 5 billion. Damages to public infrastructure including social-related facilities reached PhP 1.7 billion, damages and losses to agriculture, fisheries and environment at more than PhP600 million. Damage to houses could easily top PhP2 billion (both Cagayan de Oro and Iligan) while damaged sustained by small and medium establishments, tourism and other sector was almost PhP400 million. While the total damages and losses can be huge and could even go up further upon detailed accounting, its impact on the overall regional economy could be rather moderate. The reported estimated damage is equivalent to about PhP192 million in gross value added (at current prices) or PhP116.7 million at constant 2000 prices. These losses, however, are not enough to negate the expected growth in the economy for the year 2011. At most, it could slow down the projected growth by about 0.5 percent at current prices or 0.9 percent at constant prices. Fortunately for the region, specifically for Cagayan de Oro and Iligan Cities, no major production/manufacturing facilities were damaged. But while the impact on the overall macro economy may not cause a decline in overall regional level of production, huge negative impacts are expected to be felt by certain sectors and at the micro economy level. As indicated in the previous discussion, hardly hit are the micro, small and medium establishments which directly lost their capital and business opportunities as a consequence. The tourism sector has already felt the slowdown in business. White water rafting, a major tourist attraction of Cagayan de Oro lost business for one month after the flood (January- a peak month of the activity), although it has gradually picked up since then. Huge drop in visitor arrivals was also reported in other tourist destinations. The hotel and restaurant business in Cagayan de Oro, on the other hand, estimated between 50-60 percent income reduction due to canceled functions, and disruption in operations due to lack of water and power.15 Some sectors in the informal economy are similarly affected. Women tending sari-sari stores, men working part-time, and fish vendors reporting sales dive (due to rumors about fish feeding on human corpses), see harder times ahead due to losses in household incomes. These hardly hit sectors may continue to experience a slowdown in business at least in the first quarter depending on how fast recovery assistance could be made available. Nevertheless, recovery is expected within the year. A slight inflation increase could be attributed to the rebuilding activities. Prices of construction materials, as well as common houseware and clothing may go up slightly. Prices of food items, however, could remain at normal levels and trends. Luxury and non-essential items could suffer slight decline in prices as consumers will shift priorities to basic household requirements.

15

From a study commissioned by Oro Chamber

Box 4: Loss of Livelihood

Naga- sari-sari baya ko unya karon wala na kay na wash-out na. Sa una ang akong pangita dili parehas, naay P300, P400 kada adlaw. Usahay magluto ko ug sud-an ug mobaligya og balut. Ok na unta kaayo to pero unsaon taman niabot man ang trahedya. (I had a sari-sari store but now it‟s gone because of the flashflood. I used to earn PhP300-PhP400 a day. Sometimes I cook food and sell balut (fertilized duck egg). I had decent income then, but what can I do, the tragedy came. - Luzviminda, mother, 44 years old.

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Table 20. Estimated Value of Damages and Losses due to TS Sendong (PhP „000).

Province/City Agriculture Production Damages

and Losses

Damage to Infrastructure

Damage to Houses Damage to

MSMEs

No. Amount No. Amount

Bukidnon 164,600 29,700 215 4,930 3 12,600

Lanao del Norte 49,440 220,330

Misamis Occidental 35,000 192,830 87 1,610

Misamis Oriental 265,380 68,840 700 *

Cagayan de Oro City 58,140 775,000 18,436 944,105* 26 190,470

Iligan City 60,680 418,888** 20,120 984,000 152 188,160

TOTAL 633,240 1,705,588 39,558 1,934,645 181 391,230

* damage cost is based on the total damage cost of Iligan City due to similar number of houses damaged; ** only for local and national roads, water system and irrigation system Sources of data: LGUs/local DRRMCs

Table 21. Estimated Value of Reduction to the GVA/GRDP of Region 10,by Industrial Origin,

At Current Prices (in Thousand Pesos)

INDUSTRY Projected GVA 2011

Reduction to GVA due to Damage

Reduction to Growth (%)

I. AGRI.,FISHERY,FORESTRY 143,941,749 115,101 0.9772

II INDUSTRY & SERVICES SECTORS 353,604,902 78,708 0.2720

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 497,546,651 193,809 0.4760

Estimated by NEDA-X

Table 22. Estimated Value of Reduction to the GVA/GRDP of Region 10,by Industrial Origin,

At Constant 2000 Prices (in Thousand Pesos)

INDUSTRY Projected GVA 2011

Reduction to GVA due to Damage

Reduction to Growth (%)

I. AGRI.,FISHERY,FORESTRY 87,459,589 69,936 1.8569

II INDUSTRY & SERVICES SECTORS 214,851,770 47,823 0.5169

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 302,311,359 117,759 0.9046

Estimated by NEDA-X

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V. Immediate and Early Responses by Government and Non-Government Organizations

Rescue, relief and early responses to the disaster were undertaken by the government, church, private sector, and civil society groups and NGOs/private organizations. The international community also manifested its support by giving immediate relief to the victims of disaster. With the huge devastation of the calamity, the two highly urbanized cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan were declared by President Aquino under a State of Calamity per Proclamation No. 303 dated December 20, 2011.

Search and Rescue Operations A massive search and rescue operations was launched immediately in the flooded areas affected by TS Sendong. The PNP, AFP, Philippine Coast Guard and rescue teams of the LGUs were dispatched to search for missing people as they were reported to have been carried out to sea. Private sector and volunteer rescue groups manifested their all-out support in the emergency rescue operations. There were several people rescued off the coast of neighboring towns of the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. Below is the summary of the search and rescue operations conducted within the month of December 2011. Table 23. Search and Rescue Operations Conducted

Regional Maritime Unit

Date/Time Area of

Deployment Equipment

Used

No. of Rescued/ Retrieved Persons

Remarks

HRMU 10 CDO

OOA 170100H DEC. 2011

Brgy. Macasandig, CDO

1 Rubber Boat 5 Life Jackets 1 Flasklight

24 Dead bodies retrieved 1,000 Rescued

24 dead bodies retrieved were brought to Bollozos Funeral homes for identification and proper disposition. 1000 rescued trapped/stranded residents of Brgy. Macasandig, CDO were temporarily sheltered at Brgy. Macasandig covered court.

1001st

MARPSTA CDO

OOA 170100H DEC. 2011

Brgy. Consolacion, CDO

1 Rubber Boat 2 Life Rings 4 Life Jackets 1 Flashlight

13 Dead bodies retrieved

13 dead bodies retrieved were turned-over/claimed by their families and relatives upon identification.

OOA 170100H DEC. 2011

Brgy. 15, CDO

1 Rubber Boat 1 Life Ring 4 Life Jackets 1 Flashlight

200 Rescued

200 rescued trapped/stranded people were temporarily sheltered at Cagayan de Oro City Central Elementary School.

1002nd

MARPSTA Iligan City

On or about 170100H DEC. 2011

Orchid Village, Brgy. Santiago, Iligan City

None

16 Rescued 12 Dead bodies retrieved

1002nd

MARPSTA together with the elements of PCG-Iligan conducted Search and Rescue Operation at Iligan City.

OOA 190900H DEC. 2011

Lugait, Misamis Oriental

None 1 Dead body retrieved

The team conducted joint Search and Rescue Operation at the vicinity seawaters of Lugait, Misamis Oriental that resulted to the retrieval of one (1) unidentified floating male dead body.

OOA Iligan City 3 Dead bodies All covered dead bodies were

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Regional Maritime Unit

Date/Time Area of

Deployment Equipment

Used

No. of Rescued/ Retrieved Persons

Remarks

201330H DEC. 2011

retrieved brought to Coffin Funeral Homes, Camagui, Iligan City for proper disposition.

1003rd

MARPSTA Ozamiz City

170700H DEC. 2011

Oroquieta City

1 Rubber Boat 2 Life Jackets 1 Life Ring

None

The reported three (3) missing fishermen were rescued by other fishermen in the area after being drifted at the seawaters of Barangay Lobogon, Aloran, Misamis Occidental.

OOA 180900H DEC. 2011

Oroquieta City

1 Motorized banca 2 Life Jackets

None Reported missing fisherman is already at the custody of PCG – Cebu City

1004th

MARPSTA Mahinog, Camiguin

No reported Casualties/Damaged

Source: RDRRMC-X Report, As of January 23, 2012

Evacuation and Relief Centers From a total of 88 evacuation centers (ECs) initially established to provide immediate relief to affected families and persons, this went down to 46 as of January 23, 2012. Some families moved to temporary shelters, stayed with their relatives/friends, rented apartments/lodging houses, resettled to new areas and returned to their old houses despite the inconveniences due to the heavy mud and destruction brought by the flood.

Table 24. Families/Persons Inside and Outside Evacuation Centers (ECs)

Area

No. of Evacuation

Centers (ECs)

Total Number of IDPs Inside Evacuation

Centers

Total Number of IDPs Outside Evacuation

Centers

Families Persons Families Persons

Cagayan de Oro City 21 2,216 8,984 24,483 148,667

Iligan City 14 1,635 8,584 10,472 48,813

Misamis Oriental - - - 8,886 52,904

Transition Sites 11 876 4,284 - -

Bukidnon - - - 2,404 12,298

TOTAL 46 4,727 21,852 46,245 262,682 Source of Data: RDRRMC-X; As of January 23, 2012

Gymnasium, covered courts and classrooms of schools were utilized as ECs. The number of internally displaced families in ECs went down from a high of 20,358 to 4,727 as of January 23, 2012. Similarly, the IDPs in ECs reduced from 100, 973 to 21,852 during the same period. However, the internally displaced families and persons outside the ECs remained high at 46,245 and 262,682, respectively. Relief supplies including food /water and non-food items such as tents, clothing, mats, utensils, water purifiers, hygiene kits, medicines, blankets, mosquito nets, kitchen set, among others were distributed to the affected families. The local DRRMCs/LGUs in collaboration with the regional office of the Department of Social Welfare and Development, as Vice Chair for Disaster Response of the RDRRMC mobilized resources and managed the distribution of relief goods and provision of immediate response measures of affected families. Other government entities (GOCCs/GFIs), as well as the private sector including the media, religious and academe sectors also provided response and immediate interventions to the affected families.

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Several disaster response clusters were immediately created to cover the following concerns: 1) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 2) Nutrition, 3) Health, 4) Education, 5) Camp Coordination and Camp Management, 6) Logistics, 7) Food/Non Food Items, 8) Mental Health and Pyschosocial Support Service, 9) Livelihood, 10), Management of the Dead and Missing 11) Shelter; 12) Child Protection; and 13) Disaster Victims identification. Composition of the various clusters include both the public and private sectors including local (Philippine Red Cross) and international organizations (i.e. UNHCR, UNICEF, ACF, UNFPA, German Red Cross, HRC Oxfam, WFP, IOM, ILO) and NGOs ( i.e. Save the Children)engaged in providing humanitarian assistance. Apart from food and Noche Buena packs, assorted non-food items were distributed benefitting 7,402 families and 34,814 persons. The DSWD regional office disbursed PhP215/day for cash for work for ten days in addition to its cash assistance of PhP34.6million. Donations and assistance received by DSWD-X came from other LGUs not affected by TS Sendong (PhP1.93million), local NGOs/other organizations/private individuals (PhP9.5 million), AECID Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (PhP5.461million) and from the Italian government coursed through a private individual, UNHCR and Good Neighbors International of South Korea for other items such as tents, jerry cans, hygiene kits, t-shirts water and drums, among others. Along child protection and psychosocial services, the DOH, UNICEF in partnership with CFSI and other local providers, organized series of psychosocial and debriefing services in evacuation centers of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan as follows: Table 25. Psychosocial Services Provided

Type of Beneficiaries/Activities Undertaken Cagayan de Oro City Iligan City

Total Served Individuals ( No.) 6,084 1,410

Children 1,686 823

Women 658 87

Debriefed 2,208 933

Psychiatric Referrals 27 25

No. of Providers/Individuals 20 27

There were 97 volunteers from the Education cluster who have been trained on psychosocial support and care. These volunteers assisted the DepEd teachers in handling sessions in classroom setting. The UNICEF also spearheaded the distribution of advocacy materials for the prevention of abuse in evacuation centers. The need to put up child-friendly spaces in relocation and permanent sites is also being promoted. The WASH, health, nutrition and psychosocial services clusters continue to ensure adequate and potable water supply, medicines, medical supplies, latrines and proper garbage disposal, draining of portalets, medical consultations, surveillance in post extreme emergencies and disasters, conduct of debriefing and psychosocial activities, provision of micronutrient powder and vitamins to children and pregnant women and IEC on health, sanitation, hygiene and nutrition, among others. For the management of the dead and missing, there were 364 dead bodies taken with DNA specimen in both cities of Iligan and Cagayan de Oro. There were 332 ante mortem data gathered and 328 dead unidentified bodies processed and buried. The education cluster ensured operational readiness of schools and teaching staff. Classes resumed on January 3, 2012 as scheduled. Apart from the assistance of the LGUs and DepEd, Brigada Eskwela was intensified to fast track clean up and sanitation of classrooms and surrounding areas. Numerous assistance were received from various

54

donors both from the private and government sector, as well as from the local and international communities for the displaced teaching and non-teaching staff. The logistics cluster facilitated the transport, storage and mobility of goods and services in various evacuation centers and temporary shelters.

The International Labour Organization (ILO), through the Livelihood Cluster, has crafted a UN Flash Appeal for the Philippines to help typhoon-affected families rebuild their lives through decent and productive work. The flash appeal is a tool for structuring a coordinated humanitarian response for the first three to six months of an emergency.Meanwhile, the livelihood cluster isalso moving towards a strategy for medium to longer term recovery which includes the rehabilitation of community assets such as infrastructure and productive land, and skills development to support the construction of houses. Moreover, support to small and medium enterprises of the private sector has also been extended. The local DRRMCs continue to oversee the overall operations along relief and response and have been conducting meetings to plan out for the rehabilitation and recovery of affected areas. Iligan City issued Executive Order No. 313 (s. 2011) “Task Force Rehabilitation, Relocation and Rsettlement” and Executive Order No. 002 (s.2012) “Declaration of Moratorium in the Construction of Dwellings along Areas Affected by the Floods”. Meanwhile, Cagayan de Oro City issued Executive Order No. 007 (s. 2012) “Creating the Local Inter-Agency Committee On Permanent Housing In Sustainable Communities, Defining Its Composition, Functions and Other Attendant Regulations”. Identified below are the concerns and issues that have to be continuously acted upon by the various concerned disaster clusters until permanent shelters/resettlements are in place:

Precaution for food poisoning inside/outside the Evacuation Centers (ECs)

Regular health and sanitation education for the internally displaced persons

Portalets not utilized because of non-availability of dump sites

Strengthen coordination with local NGO on WASH cluster to synchronize efforts and converge resources

Inadequate number of trucks and no fixed schedule of delivery of water for barangays that are totally cut-off from water services,

Increasing number of leptospirosis admissions in both cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan

Increasing number of patients in need of psychosocial attention calls for trained psychosocial teams to conduct the debriefings for the affected persons including the teachers and camp managers who are stressed in handling the IDPs

Need for separate area for domestic animals in ECs to ensure sanitation and proper hygiene

Clogged drainage which hamper proper waste disposal

Families not cooking in designated communal areas which may imply fire risk, improper sanitation and health/nutrition problems

Men smoking anywhere in the ECs which may pose some fire risk and health hazards

Open defecation by toddlers/children which may cause environmental pollution and incidence of water and air –borne diseases

Solid waste at designated dump sites unsegregated

Limited or lack adequate potable water supply in ECs and temporary shelters

Provision of garbage bags to ensure proper waste disposal

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Clearing Operations Debris clearing and clean-up still continue and remain a priority to mobilize access and mobility of people, goods and services. The local DRRMCs/LGUs in collaboration with the IV-ID Philippine Army and its engineering offices immediately conducted clearing operations particularly along blocked roads and bridges. Moreover, the DPWH and their local engineering districts focus their work in clearing the national highways, access roads and schools to de-clog and clean-up communities. Neighboring LGUs that were not affected by the storm were called upon by the RDC to lend assistance in clearing/cleaning the heavily affected areas in the region.

Restoration of power and water supply Power supply was totally cut off for more than 24 hours in affected areas in Iligan and Cagayan de Oro which started in the evening of December 16, 2012 due to strong winds and heavy rains. As of January 23, 2012, 98 percent of power supply was restored for all affected areas. However, only 75 percent of power supply in Iligan City has been restored. With the destruction of major water source, tanks and booster pumps, water supply was heavily affected for both cities. For almost a month, the two cities experienced scarcity of water. However, Maynilad, other private water providers and nearby LGUs provided potable water to the affected areas. As of January 23, 2012, approximately 90 percent of pumping stations in the West and 95 percent in the East of Cagayan de Oro City are functional. However, the water pressure remains low. For Iligan City, 10 percent of pumping stations have been restored during the same period.

Setting up of Temporary Shelters The camp management and shelter clusters continue to advocate for rapid physical markings to the “no build zones” to ensure that the IDPs will be properly guided to settle in safe areas. In Iligan City the following were the temporary/transition shelter sites which housed 235 families: 1) Tent City, Tambo Terminal – 123 tents from Shelter Boxes with 102 families; 2) City Central Elementary School – 8 tents with 8 families; 3) Tambacan Elementary School – 32 tents (duplex type) with 84 families; and 4) Brgy. San Roque /Bonbonon – 18 tents with 41 families. The sites preparation on the permanent relocation areas in Barangays Sta. Elena and Mandulog are ongoing. These sites cover an area of 15.9 hectares and 3.0 hectares, respectively and will house about 1,976 families. The development of a two- hectare permanent relocation site in Barangay Luinab is about to start and will cater 205 families. Processing of necessary documents for offer of permanent relocation areas from private groups is ongoing. For Cagayan City, a total of 713 families are in different transition or temporary shelters distributed as follows: 393 families in Calaanan; 88 families from Calacala are in Lumbia; 109 families in Indahag, 62 families in Km.5 Elementary School and 61 families in Agusan Elementary School. Moreover, the DSWD installed 120 donated tents in Calaanan covered court. Development of permanent shelter sites in Cagayan de Oro City is on-going as follows:

Development of the 9-hectare permanent site in Calaanan is on-going. The development plan is being prepared by the National Housing Authority.

Xavier University is currently drafting the master plan for the 5-hectare permanent relocation site in Lumbia to cater about 500 families.

The identified a 9-hectare permanent relocation site in Indahag is for inspection by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB).

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The 3.5 hectares identified proposed permanent relocation site in Balulang is being negotiated by the barangay captain to benefit some 350 families.

The 50-hectare in the municipality of Villanueva, Misamis Oriental was identified by the National Housing Authority.

The 4.7-hectare in Camaman-an owned by the Archdiocese for 400 families.

The 8-hectare in Taguanao identified by the National Housing Authority and Cong. Rufus Rodriguez for 800 families. The said permanent relocation site shall be allocated to the formal sector victims of TS Sendong. These would include teachers, policemen and other government employees.

Distribution of Agriculture and Fishery Subsidies and Installation of Temporary Transportation Facility Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala (as posted in the December 20, 2011 issue of the Business World) pledged that the DA will assist the farmers affected by the TS Sendong through its replanting or “palit-tanim” scheme. Under this scheme, farmers will receive a 100 percent seed subsidy for palay or corn if their farms were totally damaged and 50 percent subsidy for those partially damaged. Secretary Alcala led the Agri-Pinoy Stakeholders Forum at Bayug Island of Barangay Hinaplanon, Iligan City on Feb. 2, 2012. The forum highlighted the plans and programs under the Agri-Pinoy Program that will be implemented in the City for the rehabilitation and recovery of the agriculture and fishery sector from the damages of the TS Sendong. The City Agriculturist Office of Iligan City received the initial assistance pledged by the Department of Agriculture (DA) which included the following: a) 80 bags of open-pollinated variety corn; b) 10 bags of upland rice; c) 30 kilograms of different types of vegetable seed; d) 5 units of knap sack sprayer; and, e) 10 units of pH meters. Fishing nets and banca (motorized and non-motorized boats) were also provided to the fisherfolks. During the meeting of the RDC-X Laguindingan Airport Development Project (LADP) Special Committee on February 8, 2012, Regional Executive Director Lealyn Ramos of the DA Regional Field Unit-X informed the Committee that the DA has distributed, apart from those mentioned above, gift certificates of farm implements such as hand tractors, carabaos and plows to farmers through raffle draws. Another PhP15 million worth of assistance was provided for the rehabilitation of damaged farm-to-market roads. She also said that upon completion of the relocation centers, food terminal markets, with provision of freezer for agricultural products and start-up capital of PhP100,000 for each market, will be established. The DA also gave PhP10 million worth of assistance to Cagayan de Oro farmers. In lieu of the destroyed Kabula Bridge, the DA installed a tramline across the Cagayan de Oro River connecting Sitio Kabula, Lumbia, Cagayan de Oro City and Sitio Maasin, Nicdao, Baungon, Bukidnon. With a carrying capacity of 4,000 kilograms, the tramline temporarily facilitate the flow of agricultural products from this part of Bukidnon to Cagayan de Oro City.

Remaining Needs for Rehabilitation and Recovery Republic Act No. 10121 provides the organization of the DRRMCs at all levels of governance to cover all aspects of disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM). For this SAP, there are areas and gaps that need to be addressed particularly on the rehabilitation and recovery aspect to reduce disaster risk factors in accordance with the principle of “building back better”.

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Clearing operations of the debris and cleaning up of the huge garbage arising from the typhoon has to be fast-tracked. The limited government heavy equipment to clean and haul truckloads of garbage remains a big challenge. The continuing and more pro-active support of the affected communities and the adjoining LGUs not affected by the typhoon has to be mobilized and sustained to hasten the cleaning up of clogged roads and streets which hamper access to basic services. Good sanitation practices have to be promoted in affected areas, especially in evacuation centers and relocation areas to prevent outbreak of diseases. The “no entry policy” for the identified highly vulnerable areas or “danger zones” has to be strictly enforced by the local government units concerned. Strengthening of local DRRMCs through capacity building and improved governance is likewise needed to increase the level of preparedness and put in place mitigation measures. While national fund subsidy is critical considering the magnitude and extent of damages, the LGUs should play a key role in implementing the recovery and rehabilitation measures including the other aspects of DRRM such as preparedness and mitigation. Rehabilitation, restoration and construction of the needed infrastructure and facilities such as roads, bridges, health facilities, schools, flood control measures, among others should follow standards or can withstand natural disasters. Likewise, these programs and projects should be incorporated in the concerned agencies and LGUs development plans and annual investment programs to ensure immediate implementation. While the livelihood and productive capacities of families in the evacuation centers and relocation sites are not yet in place, provision of ready-to-eat food is recommended in addition to the relief goods provided by various benefactors/donors. Assessment of their needs shall continually be done to match the items that will be supplied by donors. Access to safe water, sanitation, hygiene facilities, health services and education should be prioritized. Transition for response/early recovery in the critical areas of livelihood, shelter and restoration of basic services and productive capacities, as well as social protection of vulnerable groups to graduate into more sustainable/permanent interventions should likewise be the focus of this plan. There are approximately 10,577 households needing immediate housing. These are families that are currently residing in evacuation centers, as well as those 876 households dwelling in transition areas. Majority of these families belong to the informal sector and are identified to have little or no capacity to acquire their own dwelling. In the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, six sitios in four barangays and 26 sitios in four barangays, respectively were initially

identified as “No Build Zones” by the MGB. With this, an estimated 5,850 families need immediate relocation. Meanwhile, the 2,306 totally damaged houses outside the “no build zones” evidently need new housing. These families are either residing inside or outside evacuation centers; hence, the number of houses cannot be aggregated to avoid double counting. This would also necessitate a detailed assessment of the damages caused by TS Sendong on the housing sector.

Overall, a total of 40,005 houses are proposed to be built in the affected provinces and highly urbanized cities of Region X. These shall be pursued under numerous funding sources and programs: Core Housing Program, Socialized and Economic Housing, private sector donations among others. The estimated budgetary requirements include the costs of housing, land development, and community facilities. The excess in the supply of proposed houses to be built is in preparation for the possible number of families yet to be identified to be living in “No Build Zones”, as well as those families whose houses are partially damaged and wish to transfer in safer grounds. Further, with the present data, there are households

58

comprising an average of four families. On the whole, a total cost of PhP 8.6 billion is estimated for resettlement from all funding sources in the region. Table 26. Estimated Number of Households Needing Houses.

City/Province Estimated No. of HHs needing houses No. of housing

lots/units proposed

Inside ECs HHs in No Build Zones

Totally Damaged Houses outside No Build Zones

Cagayan de Oro City 2,216 3,590 1,369 19,958

Iligan City 1,635 2,260 545 16,067

Valencia City - - 171 700

Bukidnon - - 550

Misamis Oriental - - 221 2,730

Total 4,727 5,850 2,306 40,005

Source: of basic data: RDRRMC Report as of January 23, 2012, NHA Table 27. Resettlement Projects for TS Sendong Affected Families.

RESETTLEMENT PROJECTS LOCATION AREA (Has.)

NO. OF LOTS

BUDGETARY REQUIREMENT

S (PhP000)

Cagayan de Oro City 150.3 19,958 4,053,800.0

1. Cag. Res. Project Phase 2 Canitoan 5.9 500 143,000.0

2. Cag. Res. Project Phase 3 Canitoan 9.4 2,000 294,500.0

3. Canitoan Hsg Project Canitoan 2.7 378 78,500.0

4. Indahag Hsg Project Indahag 9.0 1,260 301,800.0

5. Indahag Village Indahag 8.0 1,040 115,000.0

6. Lumbia Hsg Project Lumbia 23.0 2,990 491,000.0

7. Xavier Hsg. Proj. Lumbia 5.0 500 175,000.0

8. Gusa Hsg Project Gusa 21.0 2,500 993,000.0

9. Land Banking for Relocation Cagayan de Oro 30.0 4,200 450,000.0

10. Camaman-an Housing Project

Camaman-an 4.7 600

138,000.0

11. Camaman-an Village Camaman-an 1.5 190 52,000.0

12. Lumbia Heights Lumbia 30.1 3,800 822,000.0

Iligan City 129.9 16,067 3,496,600.0 1. Sta. Elena Village Sta Elena, Iligan City 15.9 2,067 471,000.0

2. Mandulog Kapuso Village Mandulog, Iligan City 2.0 260 60,600.0

3. Luinab Homes Luinab, Iligan City 2.0 260 45,000.0

4. Land Banking for Relocation Iligan City 25.0 3,500 735,000.0

5. Del Carmen Village Del Carmen 6.0 720 114,000.0

6. Dalipuga Village Dalipuga 14.0 1,960 350,000.0

7. Hiaplanon Village Hinaplanon 10.0 1,200 275,000.0

8. Sta. Filomena Village Sta. Filomena 23.0 2,400 590,000.0

9. Tipanoy Village Tipanoy 14.0 1,600 356,000.0

10. Ma. Cristina Village Ma. Cristina 18.0 2,100 500,000.0

Valencia City 6.0 700 264,600.0

1. Valencia Hsg Project Sugod, Valencia City 6.0 700 64,600.0

2. Acquisition/ Development of Relocation Site and Construction of Houses

Brgy. Batangan, Catumbalon, Kahaponan, Lumbo, Maapag, Nabag-o, Poblacion, San Isidro, Sugod, Valencia City

200,000.0

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RESETTLEMENT PROJECTS LOCATION AREA (Has.)

NO. OF LOTS

BUDGETARY REQUIREMENTS

(PhP000)

Bukidnon 5.0 550 173,300.0 1. Baungon Res. Project Baungon, Bukidnon 2.0 160 67,000.0

2. Libona Res. Project Libona, Bukidnon 2.0 260 67,000.0

3. Manolo Fortich Res. Project Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon

1.0 130 39,300.0

Misamis Oriental 21.0 2,730 638,500.00

1. Andam Mouswag Hsg Villanueva, Mis. Or. 21.0 2,730 575,000.00

2. Mis. Por. Provl Hsg. Project Lumbia, Cag. De Oro City

2.0 280 63,500.00

GRAND TOTAL 312.2 40,005 8,626,800.00

Source: NHA-X and TS Sendong affected LGUs

Calaanan Tent City and Proposed Permanent Resettlement Site, Cagayan de Oro City. Source: NEDA-X

Sta. Elena Bayanihan Village for TS Sendong affected families in Iligan City. Source: NEDA-X

60

Map 11. Proposed Resettlement Sites

61

VI. Rehabilitation and Recovery Strategy and Program This Strategic Action Plan is directed towards the restoration and improvement of the pre-disaster socio-economic activities and rehabilitation of infrastructure and productive capacities of stricken communities. Immediate and urgent projects and interventions shall be undertaken within three months to one year after the storm, while medium to long-term projects shall be implemented and completed within one year to five years onwards.

The objectives are as follows:

To restore the economy or productive capacities of affected areas and bring back the provision of basic social services;

To rehabilitate/reconstruct and reduce the vulnerability of infrastructures and other facilities to future hazards and risks; and

To build the resiliency of the region through capacity-building and institutionalization of disaster risk reduction and management in all levels of governance

Brief Description of Strategies, Major Programs and Projects

Infrastructure Development Sector Subsector Short Term

(March – Dec 2012) Medium - Term

(2013 - 2017) Long - Term

(2018 onwards)

Roads Restoration of damaged roads

Reconstruction/rehabilitation of damaged farm-to-market roads

Construction of access road and drainage in identified resettlement areas in Iligan and Cagayan de Oro Cities

Continuous improvement and maintenance of roads

Continuous improvement and maintenance of roads

Bridges Restoration of damaged bridges such as the Mandulog Bridge 1 in Iligan City and Cabula Bridge in Bukidnon and other strategic bridges affected by Sendong

Improvement/rehabilitation of Mandulog Bridge 2 to make it more resilient to flood

Continuous rehabilitation of bridges and improvement of design to mitigate the effect of identified hazard

Water Resources Development – Flood Control

Restoration of damaged flood control, retaining wall and revetment

Construction of flood control in major flood prone areas and resettlement areas as part of site development

Dredging/ desilting of heavily silted major rivers (Iligan,Mandulog and Cagayan de Oro rivers)

Construction of sabo dams in identified critical/high risk areas in Iligan City

Continuous dredging/ desilting of heavily silted major rivers

Construction/Improvement of dike and retaining wall along Cagayan de Oro River

Continuous construction of sabo dams in

62

Subsector Short Term (March – Dec 2012)

Medium - Term (2013 - 2017)

Long - Term (2018 onwards)

identified critical/high risk areas in Iligan City

Water Resources Development - Irrigation System

Restoration of damaged irrigation system and other agricultural production support infrastructure support facilities

Continuous improvement and rehabilitation of irrigation facilities

Water Resources Development – Water System

Restoration of damaged water system facilities

Continuous improvement and maintenance of water system distribution and other facilities

Communica-tions

Rehabilitation of outside plant facilities - remote line units, telephone cabinets, telephone poles, fiber optic cables and subscriber distribution cables

Power & Electrification

Rehabilitation of power transmission lines toppled during the TS Sendong

Economic Development Sector Subsector Short term

(Mar-Dec 2012) Agriculture and Fishery

Provision of farm production inputs such as certified seeds and seedlings ( i.e. rice, corn, coconut, high value crops) and fertilizer Livestock dispersal including provision of biologic and veterinary drug/vitamins and native chicken germplasm collection and improvement (climate resilient)

Distribution of Fodder Tree Legume Seeds

Rehabilitation of the Provincial Veterinary Sanitation Checkpoint in Bukidnon

Rehabilitation of fish hatchery, fishponds and fingerlings dispersal (ie. bangus, prawns)

Social preparation on climate change resilient-agriculture

Provision and Replacement of Fishing Gears/Motorized/non-motorized Banca/Equipment/Fish Cages

Local Seed Production System

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), river bed sedimentation mapping, temporal vegetation profiling, GPS mapping in support to identified programs

Trainings for livelihood, community food processing, and nutrition

Crop/soil resilience, pest and weed resurgence (assessment and monitoring)

Plant propagation of buffer crops for erosion control (bamboo and vetiveer)

Environment & Natural Resources

Planting of 50,000 culms Bamboos along riverbanks (initial) of Bukidnon

Planting of 5400 trees in affected areas of Bukidnon

Sanitation and Waste Management, Garbage Dumpsite Control Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation of Mangrove and Fish Corals

Mandulog Watershed Management Program

Semi-detailed Geohazard Assessment for Iligan City and Vicinity (1:25,000 maps)

Protected Area Establishment (Initial Component)

Trade, Industry and Tourism*

Livelihood Program (for seed capital of 54 affected barangays)/revolving fund (in coordination with the Provincial SMED Council) in Bukidnon

Access to Financing: Preparation of project proposal for rehabilitation, recovery, integrated livelihood development program

Disembarkation area for white water river rafting operation in Cagayan de Oro

63

Subsector Short term (Mar-Dec 2012)

City

Embarkation Area for white water river rafting operation (new project) in Cagayan de Oro City

Subsector Medium-term (2012-2017)

Agriculture and Fishery

Range Chicken Production Modules

Rehabilitation of farm lands and Implementation of DA-DAR-DENR Convergence Initiatives

Establishment of Seed Multiplier Farms for Drought Tolerant and Flood Resistant Varieties such as rice and corrn

Establishment of Seed Storage Facility (2,000 bag capacity) and Seed Counterparting Scheme

Local Seed Production and Distribution System

Conduct of Farmers' Field School on CCA

Installation of Post Harvest Facilities

Environment & Natural Resources

Preparation of Master Plan for Cagayan de Oro Riverbasin

Nursery Establishment

Profiling the Major Fresh Water Resources of Misamis Oriental in terms of selected Physico-Chemical and Microbial Characteristics: An assessment of the impacts of natural events and man-made activities

Reforestation

Conduct of Trainings/Seminars/IEC on Environmental Management

Trade, Industry and Tourism

Advocacy for a liberal business permit renewal fees and taxes

Sectoral Financing Forum in Iligan City

SET-UP (Small Enterprise Technology-Upgrading Program) for Cagayan de Oro City

CPAT (Cleaner Production Assessment Team) for Cagayan de Oro City

Subsector Long-term (2018 onwards)

Environment & Natural Resources

Land Capability Assessment Using GIS in Cagayan de Oro River

Note: Farm-to-Market Roads proposed/identified by the Department of Agriculture-X are included in the Infrastructure and Utilities Sector; * includes entrepreneurial/skills training to all affected areas of the disaster

Social Development Sector Subsector Short term

(March – Dec 2012)

Health

Construction of new health centers in identified permanent shelters and the procurement of medical equipment and supplies

Renovation/repair of damaged health centers and procurement of medical equipment

Conduct of psychosocial briefings to affected population

Construction of nutrition post in permanent shelters and procurement of nutrition equipment

Construction of mental health or psychosocial office and upgrading /provision of necessary equipment and supplies

Procurement of vital equipment in the maintenance of pasteurized breastmilk among lactating women

Rehabilitation of water system and installation of level III water supply in permanent relocation sites

Continuing sanitation/treatment of affected areas including declogging/desilting of canals

Rehabilitation of pumping stations, installation of new pumps, motors and

64

Subsector Short term (March – Dec 2012)

controls for local operations

Renovation/repair of two hospitals and purchase of medical equipment

Basic Education Repair/rehabilitation of partially damaged classrooms

Construction of new school buildings to replace those that were totally damaged; relocation of schools currently located in “no build” zone and/or high risk areas

Procurement of textbooks, and instructional and reference materials

Procurement of furniture and IT equipment

Provision of Student Service Program (Guidance Counseling, Tutorial Sessions and Remedial Classes) and Itinerant Educational Program

Higher Education*

Set up a fund facility channeled to the government banks with reasonable rates for the rehabilitation of schools and support scholarships for children of affected families

Social Welfare Provision of Cash-for-Work under Emergency Employment Program for displaced workers to assist in the immediate cleaning of canal, debris, roads and carcasses

Provision of Starter Kits (ST) (Livelihood for formal and informal sectors)

Restoration of lost Livelihood Projects (LP)

Sustainable Livelihood Assistance (P10,000/beneficiary)

Emergency Shelter Assistance to partially damaged houses

Core Shelter Assistance/Food for Work

Cash for Work (provision of cash grants in exchange of community works and services rendered

Provision of Livelihood Capital for the Affected families (e.g. Food processing, fruit and vegetable vending in a form of starter kits with capital) - for the formal and informal sector

Technical Education

Provision of construction-related skills training, technopreneurship, and training for work scholarship program

Housing Relocation of IDPs and families in permanent danger zones to areas with lower disaster risk**

Strict enforcement of the Urban Development Housing Act and Water Code of the Philippines (i.e. no build zones within 20m easement areas of riverbanks)

Moratorium of GSIS, PAG-IBIG and other housing loans of affected families in recently identified no-build zones

Subsector Medium-term ( 2013-2017)

Health Hiring of nutritionist and psychiatrist and nurses to man the newly installed nutrition posts and mental health office, respectively

*may also include private schools/institutions in the basic education and TVET; **includes land banking for relocation of affected families in Valencia City in the medium-term

Macro Development Administration and Governance

Subsector Short Term

(Mar to Dec 2012) Governance/ Mitigation and Warning

Purchase and installation of local flood early warning system

Governance/ Capability Building

Physical assessment & preliminary engineering of existing critical infra, etc.)

Enhancing Capacities for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM)and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Mainstreaming DRRM/CCA in Development/ Physical Planning

Preparation/Review/ Revision of local plans: Comprehensive Land Use Plan mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction & Climate Change Adaptation (DRR-CCA) including acquisition of GIS software & hardware; Flooding Contingency Plan

Review & enhancement of hazard and vulnerability profile

Preparation of IEC materials on Zonal Approach of Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management (LDRRM) & Disaster Preparedness

65

Subsector Short Term

(Mar to Dec 2012)

Trainings on: DRRM; Damage Assessment & Needs Analysis (DANA); Emergency Response, Preparation of Hazard Maps; Risk Analysis; Incident Command System; Medical First Responders (MFR) ; Water, Search and Rescue (WASAR); Urban Search and Rescue (USAR)

Conduct of Drills and Simulation Exercises (all kinds of disaster) and DRRM Fora

Institutionalization of Database Management (including inventory of local resources and disaster risks)

Establishment/Institutionalization of Local DRRM Office

Reactivation/ Reorientation of LDRRMCs

Strengthening linkages to NGOs, PO, Private establishments and government agencies

Implementation of disaster-related laws and ordinances

A Study on the quarry operation in Cagayan de Oro City

Governance/ Capability Building

Monitoring the impact of flooding incidents and the implementation of DRRM Plans

Identification of danger zones and preparation of risk and vulnerability profile

Inventory of critical buildings and infrastructure

Documentation of Best Practices in Disaster Risk Reduction-Climate Change Adaptation

Governance/ Security & Rescue

Purchase of emergency response equipment and facilities (additional rescue boats & other equipment)

4th Infantry Division-Philippine Army (4ID-PA) & Philippine National Police (PNP) Rehabilitation and Recovery Program (Conduct of Disaster Emergency Assistance/ Search and Rescue Trainings for Personnel; Purchase of additional rescue equipment; Repair of damaged equipment & structures)

Medium-Term

(2013-2017)

Governance/ Security & Rescue

Purchase of heavy equipment for security and rescue operations

Summary of Budgetary Requirements The total budgetary requirements for the rehabilitation and recovery of affected areas in Region X reached PhP43.017 billion. This would cover a comprehensive package of interventions as the recovery process shall cover the restoration and improvement of the pre-disaster living conditions of the affected areas, and implementation of necessary measures to reduce risks. Infrastructure sector demands the biggest allocation at PhP30.525 billion or 71 percent of the total proposed budget. The programs and projects for the sector are concentrated in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan as the badly hit areas by TS Sendong. The provision of basic social services particularly housing, education and health requires an estimated budget of PhP11.037 billion or 26 percent of the total budget. The economic and macro/governance sectors though lower in amount as compared to the infrastructure and social sectors are likewise important to restore the productive capacities, as well as improve governance along disaster risk reduction and management. The cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan constitute the bulk of the budget proposals at 48 and 43 percent, respectively of the total budgetary requirements for the region.

66

Table 28. Summary of Budgetary Requirements, All Funding Sources, by Sector, By LGU (PhP „000)

LGU Sector (PhP000) Total (PhP000)

% Share Infra Economic Social Macro

CDO City 15,567,090.0 132,861.3 5,004,899.2 45,900.0 20,750,750.5 48.2

Iligan City 13,909,626.2 237,612.5 4,276,027.5 218,100.0 18,641,366.2 43.3

Valencia City 170,100.0 537.0 264,600.7 7,550.0 442,787.7 1.0

Bukidnon 438,299.0 75,965.1 220,400.3 3,100.0 737,764.4 1.7

Lanao del Norte 13,291.4 13,291.4 0.0

Misamis Occidental

326,240.0 16,692.1 9,500.0 500.0 352,932.1 0.8

Misamis Oriental 110,755.8 32,182.3 741,737.2 19,000.0 903,675.3 2.1

Regionwide 3,196.0 632,689.1 519,840.0 18,406.0 1,174,131.1 2.7

Total 30,525,307.0 1,141,830.8 11,037,004.9 312,556.0 43,016,698.7 100

% Share 71.0 2.7 25.7 0.7 100.0

Of the total budgetary requirements of PhP 43.017 billion, the region is requesting the Office of the President (OP) to fund 29.7 percent or PhP 12.794 billion. The ODA community will also be mobilized particularly on programs and projects that are aligned or supportive to their preferred investment areas. The rest of the budgetary requirements shall be funded from the concerned national/regional line agencies, local government units and other sources including the private sector and non-government organizations.

The social development sector particularly for the development of permanent relocation sites and housing provision constitutes the bulk of the requirements at 67percent or PhP8.6 billion. Infrastructure places second at PhP3.14 billion or 24.5 percent of the total requirements.

Iligan City requires the biggest allocation at 41 percent of the total budget or PhP5.186 billion. This is closely followed by Cagayan de Oro City at PhP 4.537 billion or 36 percent of the total budgetary requirements. Table 29. Summary of Budgetary Requirements, for Funding By the Office of the President by

Sector, by LGU (PhP000)

LGU

Sector (PhP000)

Total (PhP000) % Share Infrastructure Economic Social

Macro/ Governance

Cagayan de Oro City 899,190.0 76,630.1 3,557,383.3 3,900.0 4,537,103.4 35.5

Iligan City 1,424,236.2 208,152.0 3,424,592.3 129,000.0 5,185,980.5 40.5

Valencia City 160,000.0 264,600.0 424,600.0 3.3

Bukidnon 420,280.0 50,159.0 179,310.0 3,000.0 652,749.0 5.1

Lanao del Norte 11,800.0 11,800.0 0.1

Misamis Occidental 178,500.0 13,788.6 9,500.0 500.0 202,288.6 1.6

Misamis Oriental 57,872.0 18,401.0 646,210.0 15,300.0 737,783.0 5.8

Regionwide/inter-LGU 514,822.5 519,840.0 7,501.0 1,042,163.5 8.1

Total 3,140,078.2 893,753.2 8,601,435.6 159,201.0 12,794,468.0 100.0

% Share 24.5 7.0 67.2 1.2 100

Funding sources from various donors (both international and local) constituted more than half (53%) of the total budgetary requirements for rehabilitation and recovery. This is followed by OP at almost 30 percent. The share of the national/regional line agencies is

67

about 16 percent. The LGUs are expected to shoulder about one percent, as most of their funds were already utilized in the immediate response and early recovery within 3-4 months after the disaster.

Table 30. Summary of Budgetary Requirements, By Sector, By Funding Source (PhP000)

Sector Total OP N/RLA LGU Others

Infrastructure 30,525,307.0 3,140,078.2 4,871,040.2 61,673.6 22,452,515.0

Economic 1,141,830.8 893,753.2 228,209.6 18,492.9 1,375.1

Social 11,037,004.9 8,601,435.6 1,887,511.3 229,800.0 318,258.0

Macro/ Governance

312,556.0 159,201.0 2,240.0 54,250.0 96,865.0

TOTAL 43,016,698.7 12,794,468.0 6,989,001.1 364,216.5 22,869,013.1

% Share 100.0 29.7 16.2 0.8 53.2 Note: Others include PAGCOR, PRC, ODA sources (e.g. AusAID, NZAP, JICA) and private sector organizations

By Sector Infrastructure Development Sector The infrastructure sector requires a total budget of PhP 30.525 billion. Water resources development particularly flood control constitutes the bulk of the total budget at 91 percent. This will be implemented over the short to long-term period. Construction and repair of bridges has to be implemented in the short-term with funding requirements of PhP1.230 billion or four percent to the total budget. The resettlement site development in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan which is to be implemented by the DPWH requires PhP 467.2 million. Other infrastructure projects will be implemented in the short-term period. Table 31. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) Total for All

Affected Areas in Region X, Infrastructure Development Sector

Subsector Total

Budgetary Requirements

Short Term (Mar

- Dec 2012)

Medium-Term (2013-2017)

Long-Term (2018-

onwards)

Roads 599,834.8 599,834.8 - -

Bridges 1,229,747.0 1,229,747.0 - -

Water Resources Development- Flood Control

27,811,810.0

5,376,910.0

3,931,100.0

18,503,800.0

Water Resources Development - Irrigation 232,880.2 232,880.2 - -

Water Resources Development - Water System

176,500.0

176,500.0

-

-

Communication 3,990.0 3,990.0 - -

Power 3,345.0 3,345.0 - -

Resettlement Site Development 467,200.0 467,200.0 - -

TOTAL 30,525,307.0 8,090,407.0 3,931,100.0 18,503,800.0

68

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Economic Development Sector Of the total budgetary requirements of the economic development sector of PhP1.142 billion, trade and industry and tourism demands 47 percent primarily to set up a rehabilitation or seed fund for affected MSMEs apart from other form of assistance such as skills training. Most of the programs and projects shall be implemented within the short-term to restore the productive capacities of affected individuals. There are interventions for agriculture and fishery, and those for the environment that will be implemented over the short to medium-term period.

Table 32. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000). Total for All Affected Areas in Region X, Economic Development Sector

Subsector Total Budgetary

Requirements Short Term

(Mar - Dec 2012)

Medium-Term (2013-

2017)

Long-Term (2018-

onwards)

Subsector

Agriculture and Fisheries

324,720.1 164,054.1 160,666.0

Environment and Natural Resources

277,430.8 235,074.4 42,356.4 *

Trade, Industry and Tourism 539,680.0 526,640.0 13,040.0 -

TOTAL 1,141,830.9 925,768.5 216,062.4 -

*part of the ongoing programs/projects of DENR & MUST

Social Development Sector The proposed budgetary requirements for the social development sector reached PhP11.037 billion. The provision of permanent housing and relocation sites constitutes the bulk of the budget at 78 percent. This is followed by social welfare at 13.3 percent. Most of the programs and projects shall be implemented within the year. Few interventions along health will be implemented in the medium-term. Table 33. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) Total for All Affected Areas in Region X, Social Development Sector

Subsector Total

Short-term Mar-Dec 2012 Medium-term 2013-2017

Health 140,194.0 136,830.0 3,364.0

Basic education 253,960.5 253,960.5 Higher Education 500,000.0 500,000.0 Social Welfare 1,466,887.9 1,466,887.9 Housing 8,626,800.0 8,426,800.0 200,000.0

Technical Education 49,162.5 49,162.5 Total 11,037,004.9 10,833,640.9 203,364.0

72

Macro and Development Administration/Governance Security and rescue operations shares 86 percent or PhP 268.5 million of the total budgetary requirements (PhP 312.6 million) of the sector which are to be implemented in the short to medium-term period. This is followed by capability building (10%) and mitigation and warning (4%) which is to be implemented in the short-term. Table 34. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) Total for All Affected Areas in Region X, Macro Development Sector

Subsector Total Short Term

(Mar to Dec 2012 Medium

Term (2013-2017)

Mitigation and Warning 12,300 12,300 0

Capability Building 31,755 31,755 0

Security and Rescue 268,501 228,501 40,000

Total 312,556 272,556 40,000

Table 35. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000)

by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources)*16

, Cagayan de Oro City

Sector/Subsector

Total Budgetary

Requirements

Short Term (Mar - Dec

2012)

Medium-Term (2013-

2017)

Long-Term (2018-

onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads 100,000.0 100,000.0 Bridges 10,000.0 10,000.0 Water Resources

Development - Flood Control - Irrigation - Water System

14,997,900.0 9,000.0

157,000.0

2,890,000.0 9,000.0

157,000.0

1,865,700.0 10,242,200.0

Communication 3,990.0 3,990.0 Resettlement Site

Development 289,200.0 289,200.0 TOTAL 15,567,090.0 3,459,190.0 1,865,700.0 10,242,200.0

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fisheries 17,380.5 17,230.5 150.0

Environment and Natural Resources

97,480.8 77,480.8 20,000.0

Trade, Industry and Tourism 18,000.0 6.000.0 12,000.0

TOTAL 132,861.3 100,711.3 32,150.0

SOCIAL

Health 66,477.0 64,795.0 1,682.0

Basic Education 153,124.3 153,124.3

Social Welfare 713,467.9 713,467.9

Housing 4,053,800.0 4,053,800.0

Technical Education 18,030.0 18,030.0

TOTAL 5,004,899.2 5,003,217.2 1,682.0

MACRO AND GOVERNANCE

Mitigation and Warning 2,400 2,400

Capability Building 3,500 3,500

Security and Rescue 40,000 0 40,000

TOTAL 45,900 5,900 40,000

GRAND TOTAL 20,750,750.5 8,569,018.5 1,939,532.0 10,242,200.0

16

Please refer to Annexes for detailed listing of projects, by LGU, by Sector, By Funding Source, By Implementation Schedule

73

Table 36. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Iligan City

Sector/Subsector Total

Budgetary Requirements

Short Term (Mar - Dec

2012)

Medium-Term (2013-2017)

Long-Term (2018-

onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads 336,691.2 336,691.2

Bridges 700,525.0 700,525.0

Water Resources Development - Flood Control - Irrigation - Water System

12,665,410.0

12,500.0 16,500.0

2,338,410.0

12,500.0 16,500.0

2,065,400.0

8,261,600.0

Resettlement Site Development 178,000.0 178,000.0

TOTAL 13,909,626.2 3,582,626.2 2,065,400.0 8,261,600.0

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fisheries 187,976.0 75,032.5 112,943.5

Environment and Natural Resources

48,596.5 48,596.5

Trade, Industry and Tourism 1,040.0 1,040.0

TOTAL 237,612.5 123,629.0 113,983.5

MACRO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION/ GOVERNANCE

Mitigation and Warning 1,500 1,500

Capability Building 2,600 2,600

Security and Rescue 214,000 214,000

TOTAL 218,100.0 218,100.0

SOCIAL

Health 44,377.0 42,695.0 1,682.0

Basic education 100,836.2 100,836.2

Social Welfare 615,101.8 615,101.8

Housing 3,496,600.0 3,496,600.0

Technical Education 19,112.5 19,112.5

TOTAL 4,276,027.5 4,274,345.5 1,682.0

GRAND TOTAL 18,641,366.2 8,198,700.7 2,181,066.0 8,261,600

Table 37. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000)

by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Valencia City

Sector/Subsector Total Budget (PhP000)

Short-term (Mar - Dec 2012)

Medium-term (2013-2017)

Long-term (2018-onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads 1,100.0 1,100.0

Bridges 52,000.0 52,000.0

Water Resources Development - Flood Control

7,000.0

7,000.0

Water Resources Development - Irrigation

110,000.0

110,000.0

TOTAL 170,100.0 170,100.0

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fishery 537.0 537.0

TOTAL 537.0 537.0

SOCIAL

Housing 264,600.0 64,600.0 200,000.0

Social Welfare 0.7 0.7

TOTAL 264,600.7 64,600.7 200,000.0

74

MACRO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION/GOVERNANCE

Capability Building 7,550 7,550

Total 7,550 7,550

GRAND TOTAL 442,787.70 242,787.70 200,000.00 0.00

Table 38. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Bukidnon

Sector/Subsector Total Budget (PhP000)

Short-term (Mar - Dec 2012)

Medium-term (2013-2017)

Long-term (2018-onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads 45,300.0 45,300.0

Bridges 354,950.0 354,950.0

Water Resources Development- Irrigation 37,900.0 37,900.0

Communication 149.0 149.0

TOTAL 438,299.0 438,299.0

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fishery 54,477.1 23,977.1 30,500.0

Environment and Natural Resources 1,148.0

1,148.0

Trade, Industry and Tourism 20,340.0 20,340.0

TOTAL 75,965.1 45,465.1 30,500.0

SOCIAL

Social welfare 41,090.3 41,090.3

Housing 173,300.0 173,300.0

Technical Education 6,010.0 6,010.0

TOTAL 220,400.3 220,400.3

MACRO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION/ GOVERNANCE

Mitigation and Warning 3,100 3,100

Total 3,100 3,100

GRAND TOTAL 737,764.4 707,264.4 30,500.0 Table 39. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Misamis Occidental

Sector

Total Budget (PhP000)

Short-term (Mar - Dec 2012)

Medium-term (2013-2017)

Long-term (2018-onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads 70,840.0 70,840.0 Bridges 86,900.0 86,900.0 Water Resources

Development - Flood Control 121,500.0

121,500.0 Water Resources

Development - Irrigation 47,000.0

47,000.0 TOTAL 326,240.0 326,240.0 ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fishery 16,692.1 16,692.1

TOTAL 16,692.1 16,692.1

SOCIAL

Health 9,500.0 9,500.0

75

TOTAL 9,500.0 9,500.0

MACRO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION/GOVERNANCE Mitigation and Warning 500.0 500.0

Total 500.0 500.0

GRAND TOTAL 352,932.10 352,932.10 Table 40. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Misamis Oriental

Sector/Subsector Total Budget

(PhP000) Short-term (Mar - Dec

2012)

Medium-term (2013-2017)

Long-term (2018-onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE Roads 45,903.6 45,903.6

Bridges 25,372.0 25,372.0

Water Resources Development - Flood Control - Irrigation - Water System

20,000.0 16,480.2

3,000.0

20,000.0 16,480.2

3,000.0

TOTAL 110,755.8 110,755.8

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fishery 28,478.5 28,478.5

Environment and Natural Resources

3,703.8 490.0 3,213.8

TOTAL 32,182.3 28,968.5 3,213.8

SOCIAL

Social welfare 97,227.2 97,227.2

Housing 638,500.0 638,500.0

Technical Education 6,010.0 6,010.0

TOTAL 741,737.2 741,737.2

MACRO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION/ GOVERNANCE

Mitigation and Warning 4,800 4,800

Capability Building 7,200 3,700 3,500

Security and Rescue 7,000 7,000

Total 19,000 15,500 3,500

GRAND TOTAL 903,675.30 896,961.50 6,713.80

Table 41. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000)

by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Lanao del Norte

Sector/Subsector

Total Budget (PhP000)

Short-term (Mar - Dec

2012)

Medium-term

(2013-2017)

Long-term (2018-

onwards)

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fishery 13,291.4 2,106.4 11,185.0

TOTAL 13,291.4 2,106.4 11,185.0

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Table 42. Summary of Rehabilitation and Recovery Budgetary Requirements (PhP000) by Local Government Unit, by Implementation Schedule (All Funding Sources), Regionwide/Inter-LGU

Sector/Subsector Total Budget (PhP000)

Short-term (Mar - Dec 2012)

Medium-term (2013-2017)

Long-term (2018 onwards)

INFRASTRUCTURE

POWER 3,196.0 3,196.0

TOTAL 3,196.0 3,196.0

ECONOMIC

Agriculture and Fishery 5,887.5 0.0 5,887.5

Environment and Natural Resources 126,501.6 107,359.0 19,142.6

Trade, Industry and Tourism* 500,300.0 500,300.0

TOTAL 632,689.1 607,659.0 25,030.1 SOCIAL

Health 19,840.0 19,840.0

Higher Education* 500,000.0 500,000.0

TOTAL 519,840.0 519,840.0

MACRO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION/GOVERNANCE

Capability Building 10,905 10,905

Security and Rescue 7,501 7,501

TOTAL 18,406 18,406

GRAND TOTAL 1,174,131.10 1,149,101.0 25,030.1 * includes PhP 4.0 million for entrepreneurial/skills training of DTI in collaboration with other agencies/LGUs;**includes private schools/institutions in the basic education and TVET

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VII. Policy Recommendations Apart from the strong clamor to enforce existing environmental laws and land use policies, several policy recommendations are identified to fast track the rehabilitation and recovery process. These include the following:

Housing

For PAG-IBIG Fund to: a) Extend a Moratorium of six months on all existing housing loans to allow the affected employees to recover and rehabilitate their houses; b) set-up a rehabilitation fund to allow all borrowers to reconstruct and rehabilitate their damaged houses; c) to grant a calamity loan on top of any existing loan to be used for personal rehabilitation without diminishing the loan value by deducting the balance of the previous loan;

For all housing agencies to give utmost priority in coming up with a comprehensive plan to relocate thousands of homeless victims and fast track the release of funds for the implementation of temporary, as well as permanent resettlement sites;

For the Land Management Bureau of DENR to prioritize the inventory of public lands that are fit for permanent resettlement sites

Prices of Basic Commodities and Services

For the DTI to conduct a stringent monitoring and enforcement of the price freeze on basic commodities;

For the DOE to enforce the price freeze for all petroleum products in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan to December 16, 2011 price levels until the State of National Calamity Status will be lifted. Moreover, similar to the interventions applied to the victims of Typhoon Ondoy, the DOE should: a) provide free servicing and oil change of all public utility and commercial vehicles affected by the storm; b) provide a one-month subsidy for unpaid December 2011 electricity bills of all flood victims; c) work on a 50 percent discount on retail electricity rates for affected survivors in Cagayan de Oro and Iligan while in the process of rebuilding and reconstruction;

To review and amend Section 3 of RA 7581 or the Price Act for the possible inclusion of bottled purified/mineral water as a basic necessity to ensure stable price of drinking water after a calamity. Other prime commodities such as select construction materials may also be included in the list to prevent rapidly rising cost during the rehabilitation stage including housingreconstruction/resettlement

For LWUA to cover a portion of the unpaid December 2011 water bills of all flood victims amounting to PhP25.3 million;

Financial Assistance/Safety Nets

For the Bangko Sentralng Pilipinas (BSP) to declare a moratorium on the monthly payment without penalties and surcharges for outstanding business, particularly the affected MSMEs and home loan obligations of affected individuals in commercial and government banks;

For the SSS and GSIS to grant additional calamity loans to all affected employees and to restructure the monthly payment for at least six months;

For the Insurance Commission to ensure that insurance companies fast track the payment of all insurance claims;

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For the Small Business Corporation (SB Corp), a financing institution attached to the Department of Trade and Industry and other government financing institutions (GFIs) to set up a financing window purposely to cater to the financing needs of SMEs which are hit by a calamity. This facility shall have liberal features in terms of documentary requirement and collateral along with a prompt processing and releasing of loans.

For LGUs to liberalize the renewal of business permits and issuance of licenses to SMEs and entrepreneurs affected by a calamity to ensure business recovery.

For the DFA, NSO, LTO, LTFRB to prioritize and grant free replacement of passports, birth and marriage certificates, drivers‟ license and all other documents requiring government authentication

Infrastructure

Review and revision of the Building Code of the Philippines to align with the Climate Change Adaptation and DRRM

LGUs to pass/formulate ordinances to ensure that all lifelines and major infrastructures PPAs are supported with geo and hydrometeorological hazard clearance from MGB and other mandated government agencies

Conduct hazard resiliency assessment of all infrastructures in identified high disaster risks areas

Land Use

Inclusion of geohazard assessment data (maps and reports) in all development undertakings

LGUs to update/review their land use plans to include hazard mapping/disaster risk assessment and enforce zoning ordinances

Review/Enforce the Revised Manual of Land Surveying Regulation in the Philippines (DENR Administrative Order No. 98-12) governing arroyos, esteros, and rivers to ensure compliance along land and environmental limitations

Governance

TS Sendong is seen by many as a test of leadership and good governance. Enforcement of environmental laws, particularly on prohibiting settlements in identified “danger zones” stands out as one urgent call. The DENR-MGB list of no-build zones includes the following:

Cagayan de Oro: (a) Sitio Calacala; (b) Isla Delta 1; (c) Isla Delta 2 (d) Isla de Oro; (e) Isla Baksan; (f) isla Bugnao; and, (g) Tambo, Macasandig. Iligan City: Puroks 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 13 in Barangay Santiago; Puroks Duranta A, Duranta B, San Francisco, and Ilang-ilang in Barangay Sta. Filomena; Puroks 1 to 9, all in Bayug Island, Barangay Hinaplanon. Further, development shall be restricted in Puroks 1, 9, 10, 11, and 12 located in Barangay Santiago.

R.A. 10121 on disaster risk reduction and management should be fully internalized and institutionalized at all levels of governance. Monitoring of compliance by LGUs on the provisions of the said Act has to be strengthened. The law itself has to impose sanctions or penalty for non-compliance. On the other hand, incentives for compliance by LGUs should be adopted.

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The functionality of LDRRMCs in all aspects of disaster management should undergo periodic assessment. The LGUs can strengthen their Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices (LDRRMO), by creating a permanent plantilla position for LDRRM Officer and other personnel.

Integration of DRR/CCA in development and physical/land use planning should now be a primary concern of LGUs. Thus, the ongoing mainstreaming of DRR/CCA in local planning should be pursued with urgency. Updating of land use plans and zoning ordinances using geohazard assessment data (maps and reports), should be a priority.

Towards the establishment of early warning systems, the OCD as Chair of the RDRRMC can explore with the telecommunication companies the possibility for OCD/PAGASA to be assigned a special or dedicated 4-digit number for its official advisory text message on weather forecast and related information. The message/advisory will be sent to mobile phone subscribers of local DRRMCs who will also relay to communities in specific danger areas.. This will address the problem of irresponsible text messaging or unfounded/unofficial advisory on forecast of pending disasters.

The TS Sendong experience has demonstrated the substantial role of NGOs in relief and early recovery work. There is therefore a need for government to encourage the strengthening of civil society groups, especially volunteer groups and to establish and “nurture” collaborative relationship with them. Involving the communities in disaster management has proven to be an effective strategy. We cite the Albay experience as a model of this and other approaches in disaster management. “To fortify its limited public resources, Albay vigorously nurtures partnerships with international aid agencies, and numerous NGOs and civic organizations.” (from galingpook.org)

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VIII. Implementation Arrangements/ Mechanisms

The implementation of the Strategic Action Plan (SAP) commenced with its formal adoption by the Regional Development Council (RDC) and the Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (RDRRMC) of Region 10. As the Vice Chair of the Rehabilitation and Recovery of the RDRRMC, NEDA -10 led in the preparation of the SAP for the Rehabilitation and Recovery of the affected areas of TS Sendong. The SAP will be implemented with strong partnership and collaboration with concerned National/Regional Line Agencies, Local Government Units, private sector, non-government organizations, civil society organizations and other stakeholders. The RDC and RDRRMC shall oversee the implementation of the rehabilitation/recovery programs, projects and activities. These programs and projects will be categorized as “typhoon rehabilitation/recovery interventions” from the other regular programs and projects of the RLAs and LGUs. The SAP will be laymanized as needed to enable ordinary citizens to understand and support its implementation. Area consultation and briefings will be conducted to affected areas to ensure ownership among the stakeholders and beneficiaries. The existing structures in the region will be utilized in the implementation and monitoring of the rehabilitation and recovery projects. The existing project monitoring committees at various levels of governance in close coordination with LDRRMCs and concerned RLAs and LGUs will be tasked to monitor and prepare annual monitoring reports. Problem solving sessions will be conducted as the need arises. Apart from the SAP, disaster risk reduction programs and projects shall be mainstreamed in the CDPs and CLUPs of the LGUs, as well in agency plans and corresponding investment programs to fast track the recovery process, as well as build the resiliency of the region as a whole.

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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL OF NORTHERN MINDANAO (REGION X)

Officers for Term 2010-2013

HON. LAWRENCE LL. CRUZ

Chairperson, RDC-X Mayor, City of Iligan

MR. ARSENIO L. SEBASTIAN III

Co-Chairperson, RDC-X RDC-X PSR

ENGR. LEON M. DACANAY, JR., CESO III

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X Regional Director, NEDA-X

FE D. DOMINGO, PhD

Secretary, RDC-X Assistant Regional Director, NEDA-X

MACRO AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION COMMITTEE

HON. PHILIP T. TAN Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom Mayor, City of Tangub MR. RAYMUND M. PARAS Co-Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom RDC-X PSR ARD NILO P. CASTAÑARES, CESE Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom OIC- Asst. Regional Director, DILG-X MS. IMELDA G. MANGINSAY Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X MacroCom RDC-X PSR SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HON. MARIA LUISA D. ROMUALDO Chairperson, RDC-X SDC Mayor, Municipality of Mambajao President, LMP Camiguin MR. JORDAN IAN G. APAT

Co-Chairperson, RDC-X SDC RDC-X PSR ATTY. JOHNSON G. CAÑETE

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X SDC Regional Director, DOLE-X MS. MERLITA F. ADAZA, PhD

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X SDC RDC-X PSR

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE

HON. LEANDRO JOSE H. CATARATA

Chairperson, RDC-X EDC Mayor, City of Valencia MS. EMMA A. NIEVA

Co-Chairperson, RDC-X EDC RDC-X PSR DIR. CATALINO E. CHAN III

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X EDC Regional Director, DOT-X MS. ROSALINA S. HUERBANA, PhD

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X EDC RDC-X PSR INFRASTRUCTURE and UTILITIES DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HON. NOVA PRINCESS E. PAROJINOG-ECHAVEZ

Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom Mayor, City of Ozamiz ENGR. MODESTO C. BABAYLAN, PhD

Co-Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom RDC-X PSR DIR. MANDANGAN P. DARIMBANG

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom Chairperson, DOTC-RMC Regional Director, LTFRB-X MR. GERVACIO I. PIATOR, DM Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X InfraCom RDC-X PSR

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Strategic Action Plan for the Rehabilitation and Recovery of Affected Areas of TS Sendong

NEDA REGIONAL OFFICE-X Office/Division Staff Inputs Processed and Finalized /Tasks Undertaken

Office of the Regional Director

RD Leon M. Dacanay, Jr., CESO III

Fe D. Domingo, PhD

Rosalyn R. Yparraguirre; Rodolfo T. Serrano, Jr.

Isadora L. Cabildo; Mitchell T. Labis;

Irene Therese G. Lomongo

● Overall Directions and Guidance

Implementation Arrangements and Mechanisms

Plan and Policy Formulation Division

Leonila G. Cajarte

Catherine Marie V. de la Rita

Rio C. Yonson

Al’Gemregy B. Cuerquez

April Ann D. Tigulo

Overall Consolidation/Review/Editing

Preliminaries and Introduction

Immediate and Early Responses by Government and NGOs

Remaining Needs for Rehabilitation and Recovery

Social Development Sector

(Estimation of Damages, Impact, Rehabilitation and Recovery

Program and Budgetary Requirements)

Health & Nutrition

Basic, Technical, and Higher Education

Housing

Social Welfare

Knowledge Management Division

Cecilio Y. Clarete Linnito M. Pascual

Agnes A. Garcia Richardson T. Cua

Peleta B. Abejo Candido B. Balaba

Marina A. Betacura

Overall Layout/Final Packaging

Macroeconomic Development and Governance Sector

(Estimation of Damages, Impact, Rehabilitation and Recovery

Program and Budgetary Requirements)

Project Development Investment Programming,

and Budgeting Division

Alan L. Olavides Cleoffe L. Dequito

Nestor A. Lisondra Ma. Estrella Luz R. Peñaloza

Ramir M. Balquin Mezlaine Jay S. Pacana

Elsa B. Silfavan

● Economic Development Sector

(Estimation of Damages, Impact, Rehabilitation and Recovery

Program and Budgetary Requirements)

Agriculture and Fishery

Trade, Industry and Tourism

Environment

Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division

Jaime H. Pacampara

Rosann S. Dime

Elsa M. Maquiling

Archimedes C. Lazaro

Yvonne R. Evasco

Infrastructure and Utilities Development Sector

(Estimation of Damages, Impact, Rehabilitation and Recovery

Program and Budgetary Requirements)

Roads and Bridges

Water Resources Development (Flood Control, Irrigation &

Water System)

Communications

Power

Resettlement Site Development

Integrating DRR/CCA Project Core Team

Rio C. Yonson Mezlaine Jay S. Pacana

Archimedes C. Lazaro April Ann D. Tigulo

Candido B. Balaba

Hazard Characterization (including maps)

The Affected Population and Human Toll

All Technical Divisions Policy Recommendations

Operations Division

Myrna L. Banaag

Personnel Services General Services

Financial Services

Logistical support

National Economic and Development Authority-X

Regional Development Council Building

Capistrano-Echem Streets Cagayan de Oro City

Telephone/Fax Nos. (08822) 723436; 728072,726161 & (088) 8561920

Email: nedardc10@yahoo.com ; Website: www.norminet.org.