All Birds Barcoding Initiative:Global Atlas of Avian Mitochondrial

Diversity Opens Research Vistas

Mark Y. Stoeckle, Rockefeller UniversityAllan J. Baker, Royal Ontario Museum

Cameron Coffran, Rockefeller UniversityKevin C.R. Kerr, Royal Ontario Museum

Pablo Tubaro, Museo ArgentinoDario Lijtmaer, Museo ArgentinoJan T. Lifjeld, University of OsloPer Ericson, Swedish Museum

ABBI public: 13,000 records, 3,000 species •Includes first rapid-release, largest museum-based survey—NMNH 3,000 records, 1,400 speciesABBI private: 12,000/1,000

Collection locations for avian barcode records with GPS coordinates (BOLD)

Avian barcode library is a research tool• What can we do with it?

Woodpecker Finch (Camarhynchus pallidus) dislodging grub with stick, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee diagram--heat map of a matrix• Indicator vector correlations, similar to distances• Scalable to large sets of sequences

Sirovich et al, PLoS ONE 2009, 2010 http://phe.rockefeller.edu/barcode/klee.php

Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee discontinuities mark species boundaries

Family Gaviidae—Loons (5/5 world species)(31 barcodes, ordered by NJ)

Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee discontinuities mark taxonomic divisions• Suggests higher-level taxa are objective entities

9,500 barcodes, 2,800 species

Large-Scale Patterns in Biodiversity Klee discontinuities occur at multiple scales• Suggests similar processes shape species, higher taxa

within class family genus

species

COI Nucleotide and Protein EvolutionNucleotide variability shows long-tailed distribution• Suggests mathematical pattern in evolution

9,500 sequences; 2,800 species

COI Nucleotide and Protein EvolutionAmino acid variability long-tail pattern similar to nt• Variable sites appear not related to 2o structure

Kerr Mol Ecol Res 2011

9,500 sequences; 2,800 species

COI amino acid variability

COI Nucleotide and Protein Evolution “Highly variable” positions highly constrained• Variation follows taxonomic groups• Suggests compensatory changes at other sites

Population BiologyAmong animals, birds have best life history data• Puzzle: what determines intraspecific variation?

Barcode Library = Research Opportunities• Early bird gets the worm!

photo NoA<<I Zia Lee

Acknowledgments