DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the...

60
DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection Taxonomic Collections Center UFMG The Biota-FAPESP International Symposium on DNA Barcoding

Transcript of DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the...

Page 1: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

DNA barcoding of birds and bats from

the Netropics

Prof. Fabrício R SantosCurator of BDNA Collection

Taxonomic Collections Center

UFMG

The Biota-FAPESP International Symposium on DNA Barcoding

Page 2: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

October 2004 – CBOL membership of UFMG (Minas GeraisFederal University)February 2005 – attendant to the 1st International Barcode Conference in London as representative of MMA. March 2006 – First data submitted to BOLD and article devoted specifically to barcodes of Neotropical birds.March 2007 - First Neotropical ABBI and FISH-BOL in Buenos AiresMarch 2007 – 1st South American Regional Meeting on Barcodes in CampinasMarch 2008 – Article on barcodes of the Tyrannidadefamily – Mol.Ecol.Res.2007-2008 – Discussion and generation of a project together P.Hebert to engage the Brazilian BarcodingNetwork on iBOL as a Regional Node (why not Central?).July 2008 – Article on mol.systematics and barcodes of the bats of genus Artibeus. Mol.Phyl.Evol.July 2009 – Article on barcodes of Braz. Sea Turtles. GMBOctober 2009 – meeting between CAPES and iBOL

Page 3: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Biodiversidade nos Neotrópicos

• Diversidade de espécies é ~10 X maior do que nas regiões temperadas;

• A diversidade dentro de cada espécie é geralmente maior nos Trópicos do que em outras regiões;

• Há um conhecimento restrito sobre a biodiversidade neotropical.

Page 4: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Taxonomia nos Neotrópicos

Expectativa de uma altíssima

diversidade críptica

Page 5: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 6: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 7: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Furnarii (Tracheophone Passerines) 131 genera, 560 species in the New World, primarily South America

Raikow and Bladsoe (2000)

Page 8: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Tyranni (New World flycatchers ) 146 genera, 537 species in the New World, primarily South America

Raikow and Bladsoe (2000)

Page 9: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

>1100 sp in the Neotropicsoccupying several niches

Page 10: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 11: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

988 espécies no Brasil (CBRO)

Page 12: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

B0665

B0663

B0655

B0653

B0654

B0656

B0369

B0367

B0368

B0609

B0647

B0317

B0329

B0326

B0658

B0644

B0657

B0677

B0678

B0646

B0291

B0292

B0290

B0680

B0643

B0660

B0281

B0285

B1189

B1301

B1188

B1296

B1186

B1303

B0525

B0524

B0515

B0511

B0513

B0528

B0535

B0562

B1148

B1147

B1150

99

99

99

99

90

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

91

99

99

99

82

90

D. ochropyga

D. ferruginea

R. ardesiaca

D. squamata

B0335

P. leucoptera

M. loricata

T. major

D. plumbeus

F. serrana

D. mentalis

H. atricapillus

S. cristatus

T. doliatus

T. caerulescens

T. ambiguus

T. pelzelni

NJ COI em Thamnophilidae

Page 13: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Thamnophilus ambiguus

Caratinga

Salto da Divisa

Jequitinhonha

Rio Doce

Caratinga

Salto da Divisa

Jequitinhonha

Salto da Divisa

Jequitinhonha

Rio DoceRio Doce

RC02

RC03

RC05 RC04

RC17

RC16RC13

RC10

RC11

RC12

RC15RC07

RC14

RC09

RC08

RC06RC01

RC02

RC03

RC05 RC04

RC17

RC16RC13

RC10

RC11

RC12

RC15RC07

RC14

RC09

RC08

RC06RC01

266

084

106 145

033

487

159

073

075

560

040

187

084005

303271

152 518 530

084

106

Região controle

B0535

B0562

99COI

Page 14: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

285363

RC14

RC12

RC06aRC06b

RC08

RC01aRC01b

507

251171

131

253

263

266

289

389

094289

703

061

116

204

589

703

270

252

124

105

087

018

398

093

Thamnophilus caerulescens

Simonésia

Brigadeiro

Nova Lima

Jequitinhonha

Caratinga

Região controle + Cyt B

B0515

B0511

B0513

B0528

99

90

99COI BIN1?

BIN2?

Page 15: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Tyrannidae

• Passeriformes; Suboscines;

• Maior família de pássaros do hemisfério ocidental;

• Adaptados a vários nichos;

• 429 espécies em 104 gêneros;

• No Brasil: 208 espécies em 78 gêneros (CBRO 2006);

• Identificação difícil devido a similaridades morfológicas;

• Relações filogenéticas são complicadas e controversas.

Page 16: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Elaeniinae

Phaeomyias murina Platyrhincus mystaceus Suiriri suiriri

Elaenia cristata

Euscarthmus meloryphus Myiopagis viridicata

Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Camptostoma obsoletum

Page 17: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Verde : Elaeniinae

Azul : Tyranninae

Vermelho : Fluvicolinae

Rosa : Pipromorphinae

Tyrannidae

A maioria das espécies representam

clados monofiléticos com >99% de

suporte bootstrap na árvore NJ.

Resolução completa entre 70 das 71

espécies.

Myiarchus ferox

Myiarchus swainsoni

Myiarchus tyrannulus

Sirystes sibilator

Casiornis

Myiodynastes maculatus

Megarynchus pitangua

Myiozetetes similis

Philohydor lictor

Tyrannus melancholicus

Pitangus sulphuratus

Cnemotriccus fuscatus

Contopus cinereus

Knipolegus cyanirostris

Knipolegus franciscanus

Knipolegus lophotes

Lathrotriccus euleri

Sublegatus modestus

Attila rufus

Elaenia obscura

Elaenia chiriquensis

Elaenia mesoleuca

Elaenia albiceps

Elaenia flavogaster

Myiopagis caniceps

Myiopagis gaimardii

Myiopagis viridicata

Elaenia cristata

Camptostoma obsoletum

Polystictus superciliares

Suiriri suiriri

Phyllomyias fasciatus

Capsiempis flaveola

Phaeomyias murina

Pachyramphus polychopterus

Platyrinchus mystaceus

Euscarthmus meloryphus

Myiobius atricaudus

Myiobius barbatus

Tolmomyias flaviventris

Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Corythopis delalandi

Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer

Hemitriccus striaticollis

Hemitriccus diops

Todirostrum cinereum

Mionectes rufiventris

Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Conopophaga lineata

Synallaxis frontalis

100

100

100

100

100

9870

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

99

51

100

100

100

100

100

98100

100

100

100

99

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100100

100

86

80

68

71

69

68

62

54

49

54

0.02

Page 18: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Casiornis fuscus e C. rufus

• Haplótipos compartilhados, ausência de monofilia recíproca

B0858-Cfu (P)

B1166-Cfu (J)C. fuscus

C. rufusB1696-Cru (C)

C. rufusB1606-Cru (I)

C. fuscusB0270-Cfu (P)

C. fuscusB0271-Cfu (J)

C. fuscusB1924-Cfu (J)

C. rufusB1948-Cru (D)

B1871-Cru (I)

B2163-Cru (D)

B1691-Cru (C)

B1748-Cru (I)

C. rufus

89

80

96

63

98

21

19

11

0,002

Page 19: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Diversidade intra-específica

Capsiempis flaveola0.014

Leptopogon amaurocephalus0.018

Knipolegus cyanirostris0.028

Suiriri suiriri0.046

alta

Cnemotriccus fuscatus

Tolmomyias flaviventris , Hemitriccus striaticollis , Myiobius barbatus ,

Elaenia albiceps , Elaenia cristata , Elaenia mesoleuca , Elaenia obscura ,0.002

Myiozetetes similis , Philohydor lictor Myiobius atricaudus

Myiarchus swainsoni , Lathrotriccus euleri , Pitangus sulphuratus0.001

Camptostoma obsoletum , Euscarthmus meloryphus , Corythopis delalandi , Todirostrum cinereum , Megarhynchus pitangua , Myiarchus tyrannulus , 0.000

baixa

espéciediversidade

Média ~ 0.006

Page 20: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Suiriri suiriri

• Taxonomia confusa: – Suiriri suiriri (CBRO)– Suiriri suiriri suiriri e Suiriri suiriri affinis– Suiriri suiriri e Suiriri affinis (Sick 1998, Souza, 2002)

• A alta diversidade observada em S. suiriri (0.046) poderia ser explicada

pela existência de dois táxons agrupados em uma única espécie, mas

não formam grupos monofiléticos separados.

• Mas faltam estudos detalhados de morfologia e amostragens ao longo

de toda sua distribuição geográfica.

B1727-Ssu affinis

B1738-Ssu suiriri

B2052-Ssu affinis

B1893-Ssu affinis

4,8%

Page 21: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Quirópteros

• Ordem Chiroptera: ~1100 espécies

• No Brasil: >160 espécies, 31% dos mamíferos continentais

Page 22: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

>150 species in 49 genera – all in the Neotropics

Page 23: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Phyllostomidae

Page 24: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Gênero Artibeus

Page 25: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Dados de 540 indivíduossequenciados – Cyt-b+COI

Page 26: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Ap

la 5

3A

pla

44

Apla 27Aamp 2

Ali

t 8

7

Afim 4

Cyt-b

+

COI

886.140 caracteres analisados 43% variáveis

Page 27: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurus

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2A. obscurus sp2

A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

A. inopinatusA. fraterculusA. hirsutusA. concolor

A. watsoniA. aztecus

A. phaeotisA. toltecus

A. phaeotisA. cinereus sp2

A. gnomusA. glaucus

A. anderseniA. cinereus

Enchisthenes hartii

100

98

93

99

80

77

89

99

83

55

95

97

100

77

100

9973

95

86

100

100

100

99

9697

68

100

67

85

99

88

98

98

93

18

100

0.05

Filogenia do

gênero

Artibeus

Cyt-B + COI

Page 28: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurus

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2A. obscurus sp2

A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

A. inopinatusA. fraterculusA. hirsutusA. concolor

A. watsoniA. aztecus

A. phaeotisA. toltecus

A. phaeotisA. cinereus sp2

A. gnomusA. glaucus

A. anderseniA. cinereus

Enchisthenes hartii

100

98

93

99

80

77

89

99

83

55

95

97

100

77

100

9973

95

86

100

100

100

99

9697

68

100

67

85

99

88

98

98

93

18

100

0.05

Filogenia do

gênero

Artibeus

Cyt-B + COI BIN 1BIN 2

BIN 3

Page 29: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurus

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2A. obscurus sp2

A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

A. inopinatusA. fraterculusA. hirsutusA. concolor

A. watsoniA. aztecus

A. phaeotisA. toltecus

A. phaeotisA. cinereus sp2

A. gnomusA. glaucus

A. anderseniA. cinereus

Enchisthenes hartii

100

98

93

99

80

77

89

99

83

55

95

97

100

77

100

9973

95

86

100

100

100

99

9697

68

100

67

85

99

88

98

98

93

18

100

0.05

Filogenia do

gênero

Artibeus

Page 30: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Artibeus obscurus

Barreiras ao fluxo gênico

Page 31: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

55 indivíduos

37 haplótipos

28 localidades

AMOVA

Biomas: 54,9% da variação

Divisão Amazônica: 63,68%

h = 0,978

= 0,0255

Divergência entre os grupos

2%/milhão de anos

2,5% a 3,9% ----------> 1,5 a 1,9 m.a.a

Artibeus obscurus

Page 32: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurusA. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2

A. obscurus sp2 BIN ?A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

A. inopinatus

A. fraterculus

A. hirsutus

A. concolor

A. watsoni

A. aztecus

A. phaeotis AY157584

A. toltecus

A. phaeotis APU66514

A. cinereus sp2

A. gnomus

A. glaucus

A. anderseni

A. cinereus

Enchisthenes hartii

100, 99

98, 99

93, 97

99, 9980, 97

77, 93

89, 99

99, 99

83, 98

55, 71

95, 99

97, 99

100, 99

77, 86

100, 99

99, 9973, 81

95, 99

86, 99

100, 99

100, 99

100, 99

99, 99

96, 9997, 99

68, 42

100, 99

67, 99

85, 99

99, 99

88, 99

98, 99

98, 99

93, 99

18, 52

100, 99

**, 57

98, 73

92, 73

99, 10073, 73

64, 55

60, 52

54, 64

46, 51

100,100

86, 88

96, 100

96, 71

85, 68

94, 73

43, 45

68, 73

71, 73

54, 92

60, 86

divergência

7,4%

Artibeus obscurus ?

Page 33: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. obscurus

A. amplus

A. planirostris

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis

A. obscurus sp2

A14163

A1422O

A14203

A14204

A.fimbriatus

Cyt-b Serra da Neblina, Brasil/Venezuela

Artibeus fuliginosus ?

Page 34: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurus

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2A. obscurus sp2

A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

A. inopinatusA. fraterculusA. hirsutusA. concolor

A. watsoniA. aztecus

A. phaeotisA. toltecus

A. phaeotisA. cinereus sp2

A. glaucusA. anderseniA. cinereus

Enchisthenes hartii

100

98

93

99

80

77

89

99

83

55

95

97

100

77

100

9973

95

86

100

100

100

99

9697

68

100

67

85

99

88

98

98

93

18

100

0.05

Filogenia do

gênero

Artibeus

A. gnomus

Page 35: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Divisão dos grupos Cerrado-Amazônia: 71% da variação

Redividindo a Amazônia em 3 regiões aumenta para 88%AMOVA

Artibeus gnomus

Page 36: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Alta diversidade de haplótipos (h = 0,981)

Alta diversidade nucleotídica (0,046)

Artibeus gnomus

BIN1 ?

BIN2 ?

Page 37: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Artibeus gnomus

Amazônia

Cerrado

Page 38: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Patrocinadores

Page 39: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Colaboradores

• UFMG: Eduardo Tarazona, Sérgio Pena, Maria Bernadete, Marcos Rodrigues, Marcelo Vasconcelos, Leonardo Lopes (UFV), Maria Olimpia, Lucas Carrara, Mario Cozzuol, Valéria Tavares, Marta Svartman e Flávio Rodrigues.

• UFES (Albert Ditchfield), UnB (Miguel Marini), USP (Cristina Miyaki, Gustavo Cabanne, João Morgante), UFPE (Maria José Lopes), PUC-RS (Sandro Luis Bonatto, Eduardo Eiziriki), Zoo-SP (Flávia Miranda), MPEG (Alexandre Aleixo), UFRJ (Mércio Gomes), UFRGS (Maria Cátira, F. Salzano)

• IBAMA, ICMBio, Terra Brasilis.

• Vários outros do exterior: EUA, Argentina, Nova Zelândia, Austrália, Roma etc.

Page 40: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Orientados/supervisionados

Page 41: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 42: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Diversidade inter x intra-específica de sequências COI em Thamnophilidae

II

III IV

I

T. caerulescens

T. ambiguus / T. pelzelni

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Maximum intraspecific divergence(%)

Min

imu

min

ters

pe

cific

div

erg

en

ce

(%)

II

III IV

I

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Maximum intraspecific divergence(%)

Min

imu

min

ters

pe

cific

div

erg

en

ce

(%)

Page 43: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Thamnophilus caerulescens

Thamnophilus ambiguus

Thamnophilus pelzelni

Thamnophilus doliatus

Herpsilochmus atricapillus

Sakesphorus cristatus

Dsythamnus_mentalis

Dsythamnus plumbeus

Drymophila ochropyga

Drymophila ferruginea

Drymophila squamata

Myrmeciza loricata

Rhopornis ardesiaca

Pyriglena leucoptera

Formicivora serrana

Taraba major

Sítios autapomórficos

Barcodes baseados em caráter - 16 spp

Posições discriminantes no COI

11111122222222222333333444

001123500344801345566779001569011

2451769253681928436

CACAAAACAACAAACCCAACAAAGCCCATAAAA

.................G.T...A.........

....G..............T...A....C....

............G.....GT...A.T.C.....

.TT.............T..A.C.A.A...C...

T..................AG..ATA.......

.....GG............A...A.A......G

.G.........G..T....A..GA.A.......

..............A....A...A.A.......

..............T..C.A...A.AA......

........G..........G...A.AT......

............C......A...A.A.......

..............T....A...T.AT...T..

.........G.........A...T.A.....G.

.......T.....GT....A...A.AT......

...G......T....T...A...A.A.......

58149564710650

0000000

Page 44: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 45: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Gênero Artibeus

Page 46: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Sítios de amostragem de Tyrannidae

71 espécies, 48 gêneros – 266 indivíduos

Page 47: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 48: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Família Phyllostomidae

Page 49: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurus

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2A. obscurus sp2

A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

A. inopinatusA. fraterculusA. hirsutusA. concolor

A. watsoniA. aztecus

A. phaeotisA. toltecus

A. phaeotisA. cinereus sp2

A. gnomusA. glaucus

A. anderseniA. cinereus

Enchisthenes hartii

100

98

93

99

80

77

89

99

83

55

95

97

100

77

100

9973

95

86

100

100

100

99

9697

68

100

67

85

99

88

98

98

93

18

100

0.05

Filogenia do

gênero

Artibeus

Page 50: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. jamaicensis ?

Uma única espécie ?

Page 51: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Artibeus planirostris x Artibeus jamaicensis

A. planirostris

A. amplus

A. obscurus

A. lituratus

A. jamaicensis sp2

A. obscurus sp2

A. jamaicensis

A. fimbriatus

100, 99

98, 99

93, 97

99, 99

80, 97

77, 93

89, 99

99, 99

83, 98

55, 71

95, 99

97, 99

100, 99

94, 73

43, 45

68, 73

71, 73

54, 92

60, 86

Page 52: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostrisA. jamaicensis

Artibeus planirostris é distante de A. jamaicensis

Duas espécies alopátricas

Page 53: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Artibeus planirostris

Page 54: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

– Sem estrutura microgeográfica, mas com diferenciação macrogeográfica (>47 localidades)

– Alta diversidade de haplótipos (111 em 146 indivíduos h = 0,985)

– Baixa diversidade nucleotídica (0,017)

– Poucos haplótipos compartilhados a longa distância.

– AMOVA• Divisão em biomas explica 24,83% da variação

• Redividindo a Amazônia em 3 regiões biogeográficas aumenta para 31%

Artibeus planirostris

Page 55: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

A. planirostris hercules

A. p. phalax

A. p. trinitatis

A. p. planirostris

Artibeus planirostris – possíveis subespécies

Page 56: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Artibeus lituratus

Larga distribuição neotropical

Page 57: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

• Artibeus lituratus

– Sem qualquer estrutura geográfica (53 localidades)

– Alta diversidade de haplótipos (122 em 169 indivíduos h = 0,991)

– Baixa diversidade nucleotídica (0,014)

– Haplótipos compartilhados a longa distância, em alguns casos mais de 3.500 Km

– AMOVA• Divisão em biomas explica apenas 4% da variação

Page 58: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima
Page 59: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Dificuldades em estudos taxonômicos no Brasil

• Grandes investimentos são necessários para formação de taxonomistas e para amostragens novas e representativas;

• Muitas espécies devem ser ainda formalmente descritas;

• Coleções são fontes pobres de vouchers, com poucas exceções;

• Várias espécies são largamente distribuídas e fragmentadas;

• Estudos filogeográficos recentes indicam a existência de muitos clados intra-específicos divergentes, mesmo em algumas espécies com amostragens limitadas geograficamente.

Page 60: DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics · DNA barcoding of birds and bats from the Netropics Prof. Fabrício R Santos Curator of BDNA Collection ... Brigadeiro Nova Lima

Abordagens aplicadas o estudo da biodiversidade

• Genética de populações

• Filogeografia

• Sistemática e filogenia

–Taxonomia Molecular

• Comportamento reprodutivo