STFC Strategy for Particle Accelerators John Womersley Chief Executive October 2015

One of Europe's largest multidisciplinary research organisations

• Support University based research and skills in

astronomy, particle and nuclear physics

• Build national Science and Innovation Campuses around our national laboratories to promote academic and industrial collaboration;

• Provide access to world leading large scale research facilities for UK researchers and industry.

Particle Physics, Astronomy and Nuclear Physics

90% of physics students say they were attracted to the subject by these areas

– Undergraduate numbers up 8%

Large Hadron Collider at CERN

– Higgs boson discovery in 2012

– reached 26 million people in the UK

!!

World leading facilities

• Providing access to world-leading multi-disciplinary facilities – ISIS neutron source – Diamond light source – Central Laser Facility – European Facilities ESRF and ILL in Grenoble

• These facilities deliver advances in – biomedical research, material sciences,

chemistry, pharmaceuticals, fundamental biochemistry, cell biology, energy and engineering

• Access for around 4,000 researchers to UK facilities

• Access for around 1,300 UK researchers to overseas facilities

STFC Technology Strategy

Applies equally to accelerator technology:

•STFC will develop technology first and foremost to underpin STFC’s science and facilities;

•STFC will strategically manage a technology programme encompassing blue-skies R&D to working systems;

•STFC will support exploitation of the technology developed for STFC’s science and facilities for other applications and through industry

Diamond Light Source

The largest scientific instrument built in the UK in > 40 years.

Phase III beamlines under construction

Aims to be the best medium energy x-ray source in the world.

Light Sources

• We have identified an accelerator-driven Free Electron Laser light source as our highest priority for a new accelerator based facility

– Ultra-bright, coherent x-rays

– UK participation in the European XFEL in Hamburg as a first step towards a UK FEL

– CLARA as a technology testbed and development platform

– Collaboration with SwissFEL

• Complemented by a Diamond Lattice upgrade to maintain the competiveness of our national light source

Under construction in Hamburg

Unprecedentedly bright, coherent, short duration x-ray probe of matter

UK membership now funded through STFC

European X-ray Free Electron Laser

ISIS neutron source

ISIS is the world's most productive pulsed neutron spallation source.

Target Station 2 expands the science programme into soft matter, advanced materials and bio-science

2nd phase of TS2 instrument development coming online

Collaboration with Italy, Sweden, ESS

Neutron Sources

• Priority is sustainability and continued development of ISIS

• In short term (5-10 years) this means delivering relatively modest affordable incremental upgrades

– Linac

– Target/moderator

– Instrumentation

• Would not close off a major MW scale upgrade in 2020s, complementing ESS

– However lower priority than a UK FEL

– We need to be clear on what technology developments we need do now in preparation for the future

High brightness H– ion source •4 kW peak-power arc discharge •60 mA, 0.25 π mm mrad beam •2 ms, 50 Hz pulsed operation

Low Energy Beam Transport • Three-solenoid configuration • Space-charge neutralisation • 5600 Ls-1 total pumping speed

Radio Frequency Quadrupole • Four-vane, 324 MHz, 3 MeV • 4 metre bolted construction • High power efficiency

Medium Energy Beam Transport •Re-buncher cavities and EM quads •Novel ‘fast-slow’ perfect chopping •Low emittance growth

Diagnostics • Non-interceptive • Well distributed • Laser-based

• Proton accelerator R&D programme.

• Enable a significant increase in neutron flux • ISIS & (SNS, ESS, JPARC, CSNS).

Front End Test Stand ISIS, ASTeC, JAI, Imperial College, UCL, Huddersfield, Warwick and ESS Bilbao

European Spallation Source

Accelerators for Particle Physics

Particle Physics

• Support the European Strategy for particle physics

– High luminosity LHC Upgrade

– Long baseline neutrino experiments outside Europe

– Design studies for future machines (FCC)

– ILC and CLIC at a keep-in-touch level

• Need to focus on where we have particular UK strengths

Novel approaches

• MICE experiment at RAL

– Muon cooling demonstration

– Signs of renewed Interest in a possible high energy muon collider

Laser plasma accelerators

• Always 30 years in the future?

• Need to keep our hand in this game

– others (e.g. DESY) are increasing their investments

• We should be looking to develop a more coordinated approach across the UK

– But not the route to a FEL - the world is a long way away from plasma based technology for a major facility

• May be important commercial opportunities that will emerge in 5-10 years

2e11 proton pulse

25um 90um

Proton beam

Particle diameter

45um 150um 1mm

Tungsten powder target technology for future neutrino or neutron facilities

• Experiment carried out in 440 GeV proton beam at CERN

• Pulsed beam effect on samples of W spheres of various diameters

• Larger lift for smaller grains -> effect is probably charge induced, not stress wave induced

Transnational access supported by European Commission, EuCARD-2

Accelerator Applications

• Want to maximise spin-out technologies and applications to global challenges wherever they occur…

• …but not to the extent that we would limit building of future science facilities to pursue them

• We should identify those opportunities wherever they occur

• Invest at the level needed to get others to invest in them

Industrial Drivers

• Often replacing pre-installed equipment, smaller footprint = reduced building and infrastructure costs Smaller

• Reduced initial capital investment Cheaper

• Reduced on-going operational costs More efficient

• Reduced Mean Time Between Failure, easier maintenance More reliable

• Optimised to application (Improved) performance

• Fits into standard protocols and operations Easier to operate

• Confident that you get the same outcome every time Repeatable

To promote uptake, need to optimise technology solutions to commercial needs and understand the end users' challenges

Priorities

• Maximally exploit our existing investments through accelerator upgrades to maintain the cutting edge (LHC, ISIS, Diamond…)

• An RF accelerator based FEL is our highest priority for a new accelerator based facility

• Require R&D investments and dedicated facilities (CLARA, FETS, MICE) to help to develop and make decisions

• ESS and XFEL are very important new UK commitments but not much scope for involvement in their accelerators

• Place is a consideration – Daresbury is key location for accelerator R&D

• If had to choose between R&D for a European facility and UK-based facility, would prioritise UK-based