TITLE of Project: I Can Be Warhol

MEDIUM: silkscreen or serigraph materials

BIG IDEA: Collaboration

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How can silkscreen printmaking represent society while developing teamwork among artists?

MATERIALS: photo of group of 3 students in horizontal format, “stamp” image of photo, printable transparencies, silkscreen, squeegee, silkscreen ink, tracing paper, photo emulsion silk, photo emulsion, 250W light bulb, 8X10 glass, masking tape, small scraps of mat board, printmaking paper 9X12”

RELATED HISTORIC ARTWORK:

From Marilyn Andy Warhol, 1967, Silkscreen/Serigraph

TEKS: All levels of Art, Grades K-12, require printmaking in the TEKS. It is located in Section 2: Creative expression. The student communicates ideas through original artworks using a variety of media with appropriate skills. The student expresses thoughts and ideas creatively while challenging the imagination, fostering reflective thinking, and developing disciplined effort and progressive problem-solving skills.

SAMPLE OF ARTWORK:

Sample Artwork: Us by Ayako, Ivana, and Melani (students at Marshall HS, 2004)

DISCUSSION: Go through history and rationale for Printmaking. Students could watch a video on Warhol’s silkscreen process: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNM04-mhMgo&list=PL_CXyOtx7w0rZEwhrVllkNK8lUTDP9oLi

OBJECTIVES: The student Will Be Able To: 1. understand that silkscreen prints are printing from a positive image. 2. successfully plan a print that communicates the value of simple objects in the world. 3. persuade the viewer to the artist’s point of view as to the importance of the simple objects. 4. successfully execute the steps in a reduction relief printmaking technique (linoleum block). 5. define shapes and color harmony within a print. 6. use negative as well as positive shapes effectively in their prints. 7. formulate and share responses to classmates' artwork. 8. understand and use art vocabulary & concepts.

STUDIO PROCEDURES: 1. Pick 2 other art students to be in a group of 3. Pose together and photograph a close-up of your group with mostly heads showing – horizontal format. (Follow separate instructions for photo prep.) Print this as an 8 X 10 on paper and then again on printable transparency film. 2. Using a sheet of tracing paper placed over the printed image on paper, trace the part of the design that will be one color, making sure you draw in stencil guards if your color shape is trapped within a part you plan to cut out. It helps to first mark on your design where the “stencil guard spaces” will be. These spaces hold your stencil together without the inside parts of your stencil falling off (like the inside

small triangular space of the “A”). Trace all of the tracing paper stencils – one piece of tracing paper for each color you will use (you must use at least 3 colors). 3. Using an Xacto knife and working on top of a cardboard mat (to keep from cutting the table), cut out the area that you want to be inked (make sure you do not cut away your stencil guard spaces). Do this for each piece of tracing paper…one per color. 4. Get your numbered silkscreen, squeegee, and backing board making sure the numbers match. With the “right side” of the stencil placed next to the underneath side of the silk part of the screen and lining up the pencil drawn boundary of the stencil with the black rectangle drawn on the screen, use tape to tape it to the underneath side. Use rolled up

Stencil guard spaces A

pieces of tape to secure “flopping” areas of the stencil to the silk so that they do not move around. 5. Tape completely around all open areas of the outside edge of the stencil to keep ink from leaking outside the design area of your print paper. 6. Make sure your print paper lines up with your stencil when you place it within the L-shaped masking tape guides which are on the backing board. This is how you register your prints (see vocabulary). 7. Choose one color of ink or mix your own color (mix only what you will use for the 4 prints), and using a plastic spoon, spoon the ink into the top of the silkscreen in a long string along the top edge. 8. Using the squeegee held at a 45 degree angle, press down with steady pressure and pull the ink down along the surface of the silk, pressing the ink through the silk in the open areas where the stencil allows it to go through. 9. Using the squeegee, scoop the excess ink up at the bottom edge and place it back at the top edge. 10. Lift the screen up and carefully pull out the print paper, making sure you get no “stray” ink onto the outside edges of your print. If you have printed it correctly, the color should be in solid areas with no white paper showing through the color. Clean the screen and squeegee thoroughly and let it dry before applying another color. 11. Repeat steps 3-5 and 7-10 for your remaining 2 colors. Always make sure your registration stays the same so tape down each new stencil carefully so that the registration will be accurate. 12. Prepare a loose silk with photosensitive emulsion by drizzling a line of photo emulsion around the edge and using a scrap of mat board to smooth it evenly over the surface of the silk (work together). Hang the silk to dry in a dark place. 13. After the photo emulsioned silk is dry, place the transparency of your high contrast photo on top of the prepared silk. Place glass on top to make a tight fit between the photo & the silk. Expose it to the 250W light bulb 14 inches above the surface for 15

minutes. Using warm water, rinse away the open area not changed by the light bulb. Let the screen dry. 14. Using black ink, squeegee this image onto all 4 copies of the stencil inked prints. Sign it using

the correct print signing method shown below: 14. After all prints have dried sign them using a pencil and the guide here. The “fraction” part on the left communicates the limit of the edition of prints. This sample 1/10 means this is the first print out of an edition of 10 good prints. 15. Take part in class critique. Self-evaluate artwork, photograph best print and place in digital portfolio.

CLEAN UP Each person must:

1. Carefully remove paper stencil from the silkscreen frame and throw in the trash without getting ink on anything. 2. Take squeegee and frame to the sink and carefully and thoroughly clean all ink off of all the surfaces. Make sure the water is not turned on too strong or it will splash the ink all over you and the surface of the cabinet and wall. Lift up the silkscreen frame and view it in the light. This will enable you to see if any ink is still stuck in the holes of the fabric. Keep cleaning (rub the surface carefully with your hands or sponge) until there is no ink in the holes. Lean the screen and squeegee up next to the wall in the drying space (make sure there are newspapers spread on the surface of the cabinet) to let them dry. 3. Throw all newspapers and scrap papers away that are at your table. 4. Clean the surface of the table with a DAMP sponge. 5. Dry the table. 6. Dry all water off the floor. 7. Make sure all prints are stored on the drying rack.

RELATES TO OTHER CONTENT AREAS: Math: measuring; engineering involved in a detailed process Science: the composition of printmaking inks and chemicals and their reaction to each other

VOCABULARY: Color Wheel: a circle with different colored sections used to show the relationship between colors and the essential elements of mixing color Color Scheme: the combination of colors on the color wheel implemented by artists, designers, and illustrators Color Theory: the science and art of color; how we perceive color, how we mix color, and the visual effects of specific color combinations Analogous Colors: 3 colors side by side on the color wheel – mimicking the color schemes found in nature Triadic Colors: 3 colors spaced evenly around the color wheels – when linked with a line the lines form a triangle Silkscreen (Serigraph): a stencil process in which coloring matter is forced onto the material to be

printed through the meshes of a silk or organdy screen so prepared as to have pervious printing areas and impervious nonprinting areas Silkscreen frame: a frame (made of wood or other sturdy substance) with a thin piece of silk or synthetic silk stretched across it Squeegee: a T-shaped tool with a blade of rubber, etc. set across the handle, used to remove liquid from a surface or apply ink Silkscreen Photographic: this printing process uses a light sensitive emulsion applied directly to the silkscreen in order to expose a film positive of the image using a light source Multilayer Silkscreen: the use of multiple cut stencils or photographic silkscreen used with open silkscreens to create a multilayered silkscreen print Stencil: a thin sheet , as of paper or metal, perforated or cut through in such a way that when ink, paint, etc. is applied to the sheet, the patterns, designs, letters, etc. are marked on the surface beneath Film positive: a clear film used for exposing an image onto a silkscreen. The most common types of media used for film positives are inkjet film and vellum paper Register: making sure each color placed on the print lines up with the color already on there Edition: a specified number of prints of the same image PRODUCTION DATES: 2 Days – Cut all stencils, mix & label first color

1 Day (after 1st 2 Days) – Print Color #1 (afterwards 2

students clean while 1 mixes new color)

1 Day (after 1st 3 Days) – Print Color #2 (afterwards, 2

students clean while 1 mixes new color)

1 Day (after 1st 4 Days) – Print Color #3 (2 students

clean while 1 prepares photo screen)

2 Days (after 1st 5 Days) – 2 art histories while

exposing photo screens

2 Days (after 1st 7 Days) – Print black photo emulsion

screen, Prints DUE

Silkscreen Photo Instructions The goal is to make a horizontal photograph of you and 2 other classmates and turn it into a stamp-like black and white image.

1. Using an iPhone held in a horizontal position, have someone take a photograph of your group – close up showing mostly heads.

2. Open photos in the phone and click on the Share button. Select the “duplicate” option. 3. Select the photo again, click on “Edit.” Select the three-triangle color button, and then select “Noir”

from the black and white photo options. Click “Done.” 4. Now that the photo is in black and white, select the Share button again and email it to yourself or your

teacher. 5. Save the photo in the computer. 6. Open with your Photo app (if you have Adobe Photoshop you can open and edit better, but

many don’t have Photoshop so just use your free Photo app). Make sure photo is showing in a horizontal (landscape) format. If it isn’t, click on Rotate icon at the top until it shows in the horizontal format.

7. Click on “Crop” icon at the top. Crop to ratio of 10 X 8 (this will be a guess because it will not show you the size). Click Save a Copy (so it makes a duplicate without messing up your original photo).

8. Click on the brush/pencil icon at top and select “Edit.” Select “Adjustments.” Slide “Light” bar all the way to the right. Slide “Clarity” toggle all the way to the right. Select Save a copy.

9. Do step 7 again. Select Save a copy. 10. Using this final Saved Copy, Select Print icon at top. When print box opens, change “Photo size” to 8 X

10. Print. 11. After printing, measure image size to make sure it is not larger than 8 X 10. If the size is correct and it

printed in a horizontal (landscape) format, print again on printable transparency film (the rough side of the transparency is the side to print on).

12. (another option) Place printable transparency film in a copier with printable side up (rough side). Use your paper copy of the photo as the master for the copier and copy. It makes a better – denser copy than the transparency in the printer.

Photo app icon

Silkscreen Printing

© The Andy Warhol Museum, one of the four Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved.

Space Fruit Worksheet © The Andy Warhol Museum, one of the four Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved. You may view and download the materials posted in this site for personal, informational, educational and non-commercial use only. The contents of this site may not be reproduced in any form beyond its original intent without the permission of The Andy Warhol Museum. except where noted, ownership of all material is The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

What 4 colors did Warhol use in this Space Fruit print? 1.

2.

3.

4.

Are the colors complementary, analogous, or both? ___________________________ Name the colors (if any) that are: Primary ____________________________________ Secondary___________________________________ Tertiary_____________________________________ Are the colors warm, cool, or a combination of both? _________________________ Choose a color in the Space Fruit and describe what colors you would mix together to get that color: Describe the order in which Warhol added layers to one of the Space Fruit prints. What color did he use? 1st_____________________________________ 2nd_____________________________________ 3rd_____________________________________ 4th _____________________________________

Silkscreen Printing

© The Andy Warhol Museum, one of the four Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved.

Space Fruit Cards © The Andy Warhol Museum, one of the four Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh. All rights reserved. You may view and download the materials posted in this site for personal, informational, educational and non-commercial use only. The contents of this site may not be reproduced in any form beyond its original intent without the permission of The Andy Warhol Museum. except where noted, ownership of all material is The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.

Andy Warhol, Space Fruit: Still Lifes (Cantaloupes II), 1979 Screen print on Lenox Museum Board, 30 x 40 in. © AWF

Andy Warhol, Space Fruit: Still Lifes (Watermelon), 1979 Screen print on Lenox Museum Board, 30 x 40 in.© AWF

Andy Warhol, Space Fruit: Still Lifes (Apples), 1979 Screen print on Lenox Museum Board, 30 x 40 in. © AWF

Andy Warhol, Space Fruit: Still Lifes (Cantaloupes I), 1979 The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh; Founding Collection © AWF

Andy Warhol, Space Fruit: Still Lifes (Peaches), 1979 Screen print on Lenox Museum Board, 30 x 40 in. © AWF

Andy Warhol, Space Fruit: Still Lifes (Pears), 1979 Screen print on Lenox Museum Board, 30 x 40 in. © AWF