Steel Grades
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Steel grades Steel grades to classify various steels by their compo- sition and physical properties have been developed by a number of standards organizations. • SAE steel grades • British Standards • International Organization for Standardization ISO/TS 4949:2003 • European standards - EN 10027 • For alloys in general (including steel), unified num- bering system (UNS) of ASTM International and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). • Japanese steel grades : Japanese Industrial Stan- dards (JIS) standard • Germany steel grades : DIN standard • China steel grades : GB standard 1 European standard steel grades X X X X X APPLICATION CODE PROPERTY CODE MECHANICAL PROPERTY ADDITIONAL TYPE SPECIFIC SYMBOLS ADDITIONAL PRODUCT SYMBOLS STEEL CASTING G MANDATORY COMPONENTS OPTIONAL COMPONENTS THESE ADDITIONAL CODES DEFINING ADDITIONAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS OR MORE SPECIFIC APPLICATION INFORMATION. THEY VARY DEPENDING ON TYPE/APPLICATION CODE. FOR A FULL LIST SEE EN 10027-1. CATEGORY 1 STEEL SPECIFIED BY PURPOSE AND PROPERTY X X X TYPE CODE CARBON % * 100 ALLOYING ELEMENT(S) STEEL CASTING G CATEGORY 2 STEEL SPECIFIED BY COMPOSITION X ADJUSTMENT VALUE or if type code = X ACTUAL ELEMENT % THE ORDER OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS IS THAT OF DECREASING CONCENTRATION. THE ORDER OF THE ADJUSTMENT VALUES IS THE SAME. IF NO ADJUSTMENT VALUE IS PRESENT THEN THAT MATERIAL'S PERCENTAGE IS UNKNOWN. THE ADJUSTMENT VALUE IS DIVIDED BY THE ADJUSTMENT FACTOR TO FIND THE PERCENTAGE OF ALLOYING ELEMENT. ELEMENT ADJUSTMENT FACTORS: 4: Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si, W 10: Al, Be, Cu, Mo, Nb, Pb, Ta, Ti, V, Zr 100: Ce, N, P, S 1000: B. NO TYPE CODE SIGNIFIES NON-ALLOY STEEL WITH Mn >1% OR ALLOY STEEL WITH ALL ALLOYING ELEMENTS COMPOSING <5% BY WEIGHT. EN 10027-1 steel grade designation system. [1] European standard steel grade names fall into two cat- egories: 1. Steel specified by purpose of use and mechanical properties. 2. Steel specified by chemical composition. The inclusion of a letter 'G' before the code indicates the steel is specified in the form of a casting. 1.1 Category 1 Basic steel grade designations for category 1 steels consist of a single letter (designating application) then a number signifying the mechanical property (often yield strength) dictated in the standard for that application designation. For some application designations another letter is in- cluded before the property value, this number is used to indicate any special requirements or conditions. These additional letters and values depend entirely on the appli- cation of the steel and are specified in the standard and far too numerous to mention here. The next set of 3 digits gives the steel’s minimum yield strength. So S355 has a minimum yield strength of 355 MPa. [2] Below is a table indicating the most common application codes. 1.2 Additional symbols In addition to the above category codes there are symbols that can be added to the grade code to identify any ad- ditional compositional requirements, delivery conditions, mechanical properties, &c. These values depend solely on the type/application code given in the first part of the code and are so numerous as to be impossible to indicate here. Additional symbols are separated from the main code by the plus sign (+). The most common additional symbols are the impact and temperature codes for structural steels, category 1 - Sxxx. Delivery condition codes are also relatively common, the most common being: 1.3 European standard steel number In addition to the descriptive steel grade naming system indicated above, within EN 10027-2 is defined a system for creating unique steel grade numbers. While less de- scriptive and intuitive than the grand names they are eas- ier to tabulate and use in data processing applications. The number is in the following format: x.yyzz(zz) Where x is the material type (only 1 is specified so far), yy is the steel group number (specified in EN10027-2) and zz(zz) is a sequential number designated by the certifying body, the number in brackets being unused but reserved for later use. 1
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Steel grades
Steel grades to classify various steels by their compo-sition and physical properties have been developed by anumber of standards organizations.
SAE steel grades British Standards International Organization for StandardizationISO/TS 4949:2003
European standards - EN 10027 For alloys in general (including steel), unied num-bering system (UNS) of ASTM International andthe Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Japanese steel grades : Japanese Industrial Stan-dards (JIS) standard
Germany steel grades : DIN standard China steel grades : GB standard
1 European standard steel grades
X X X X X
APPLICATION CODE
PROPERTY CODE
MECHANICAL PROPERTY
ADDITIONAL TYPE SPECIFIC SYMBOLS
ADDITIONAL PRODUCT SYMBOLS
STEEL CASTING
G
MANDATORY COMPONENTS OPTIONAL COMPONENTS
THESE ADDITIONAL CODES DEFINING ADDITIONAL PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS OR MORE SPECIFIC APPLICATION INFORMATION. THEY VARY DEPENDING ON TYPE/APPLICATION CODE. FOR A FULL LIST SEE EN 10027-1.
CATEGORY 1 STEEL SPECIFIED BY PURPOSE AND PROPERTY
X X X
TYPE CODE
CARBON % * 100
ALLOYING ELEMENT(S)
STEEL CASTING
G
CATEGORY 2 STEEL SPECIFIED BY COMPOSITION
X
ADJUSTMENT VALUE or if type code = X
ACTUAL ELEMENT %
THE ORDER OF ALLOYING ELEMENTS IS THAT OF DECREASING CONCENTRATION. THE ORDER OF THE ADJUSTMENT VALUES IS THE SAME. IF NO ADJUSTMENT VALUE IS PRESENT THEN THAT MATERIAL'S PERCENTAGE IS UNKNOWN.
THE ADJUSTMENT VALUE IS DIVIDED BY THE ADJUSTMENT FACTOR TO FIND THE PERCENTAGE OF ALLOYING ELEMENT.
ELEMENT ADJUSTMENT FACTORS: 4: Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si, W 10: Al, Be, Cu, Mo, Nb, Pb, Ta, Ti, V, Zr 100: Ce, N, P, S 1000: B.
NO TYPE CODE SIGNIFIES NON-ALLOY STEEL WITH Mn >1% OR ALLOY STEEL WITH ALL ALLOYING ELEMENTS COMPOSING
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2 4 EXTERNAL LINKS
The steel groups are indicated below:The current certication body is the VDEh in Dsseldorf,Germany.
2 ComparisonBelow is a table comparing steel grades from dierentgrading systems.
3 References
3.1 Notes[1] EN 10027, European committee for standardisation
[2] http://www.oakleysteel.co.uk/thick-steel-plates/steel-information/guide-en-10027-steel-names
[3] Standards comparison. Retrieved 2008-12-31..
[4] Oberg, pp. 411-412.
[5] AISI A2, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
[6] AISI A3, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
[7] AISI A4, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
[8] AISI A6, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
[9] AISI A7, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
[10] AISI A8, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
[11] AISI A9, Efunda, archived from the original on 2010-12-25, retrieved 2010-12-25.
3.2 Bibliography Oberg, E.; et al. (1996), Machinerys Handbook(25th ed.), Industrial Press Inc
4 External links Steel classication according to EN 10027-2.Freesearchable database European steel and alloygrades
Comparison of various steel standards Comparison of various tool steel standards
Stainless Steel: Tables of Technical Properties (ENsteel grades)
General guide to the EN 10027 steel name and num-bering systems.
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European standard steel gradesCategory 1Additional symbolsEuropean standard steel number
ComparisonReferencesNotesBibliography
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