State of the Program: NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry

Paula BontempiNASA Headquarters

Ocean Color Research Team Meeting23-25 April 2012

Announcements

• Folder on desktop “2012 NASA OCRT” – Speakers – please put a copy of your talks there so we can post the talks on-line. Please remember to remove any material you do not want posted.

• WebEx broadcast – WebEx Tab on OCRT web sitehttps://www.signup4.net/public/ap.aspx?EID=NASA19E&OID=147 has video and audio info

• NASA Earth Science Division Director position is open until 8 May 2012 – can be found at USAjobs.gov

http://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/311936900

Hours still 0630-1500.

Agenda

MONDAY • NASA Headquarters Update (Q&A) • NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group Updates (missions, field program support

office) and Discussion• Flight Project Updates – Suomi NPP, PACE, ACE, GEO-CAPE, PRISM• Research Project Updates

TUESDAY• IOCCG special session: towards an international ocean color science team meeting• Student/Post-Doc Research Projects

WEDNESDAY• Research Project Updates• Wrap Up

5:30-6:30 Poster Session – Monday & Tuesday On web site poster spreadsheet that is numbered, Odds on Monday, Evens on Tuesday

Cash bar available

4

NASA “Highlights” Page from Budget Document

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Earth Science Budget - History

Prev Admin

FY10 request

6

Earth Science Budget – FY13 Request

Prev Admin

FY10 request

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Earth Science Budget Overview

• The FY13 budget for Earth Science is consistent with the FY12 request – STABILITY!• Congressional appropriation for FY12 was also consistent with the President’s budget request• FY13 overall ESD funding level is ~$25M above FY12 appropriated level• Overall NASA agency FY13 level represents 0.3% decrease from FY12; SMD overall budget decreased by ~3.3% from FY12

• The March 2011 Glory launch failure has resulted in delays for OCO-2 and SMAP launches, and significantly higher budgeted cost levels for mid-range launch vehicles• Solicitation for multiple launch services for OCO-2, SMAP (and JPSS-1) has been released – with higher evaluation emphasis on vehicle reliability • SMAP launch date: 23 Oct 2014• OCO-2 launch date: NET July 2014 (SMAP launch date has priority) • FY13-vs-FY12 decreases in R&A (1.5%), Applied Science (5%), and Technology (3.3%) lines; however, all non-flight lines increase throughout

2013-2017• All 3 strands of Venture Class are fully funded throughout, with all AOs released

8PRE-DECISIONAL – FOR INTERNAL NASA USE ONLY

Earth Science Program/Budget Strategy

• Maintain a balanced program that:• advances Earth System Science• delivers societal benefit through Applications Development• provides essential global spaceborne measurements supporting science

and operations• develops and demonstrates technologies for next-generation

measurements, and • complements and is coordinated with activities of other agencies and

international partners

• Support Research, Applied Sciences, Technology Development, and E/PO programs• Continue to fund operations and routine data products for all on-orbit NASA research missions• Develop and launch remaining foundational missions: LDCM, GPM, OCO-2• Continue formulation and development of top-priority Decadal Survey and Continuity missions:

SMAP (11/2014), ICESat-2 (1/2016), SAGE-III/ISS (2014) and GRACE-FO (2017).• Continue execution of the full Venture Class program• Continue working with NOAA and OSTP to address approaches for providing sustained, long-term

spaceborne measurements.• Provide significant support to National Climate Assessment, USGCRP, and international (CEOS)

coordination activities

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Earth Science Mission Overview

• Major FY11-12 to-date MISSION Achievements• First EV-1 science campaign, release of EV-2 and EV-I AOs• Launch and commissioning of Aquarius/SAC-D• Launch and ongoing commissioning of Suomi NPP – Talks later today on data

quality and data access

• Flight Missions with launches in this decade supported by the FY13 budget:• EV-2 and EV-I selections (CY12); EV-1 science campaigns; next AO releases on

time• LDCM launch (25 January 2013)• GPM launch (Feb 2014)• SMAP, OCO-2 launches (late CY 2014)• SAGE-III available for launch to ISS (late FY 2014)• ICESat-2 launch (early CY 2016)• GRACE-FO launch (2017)• PACE, SWOT launch (2020)

• Earth Radar Mission, OCO-3 (launch dates uncertain)• Decadal and Continuity Mission Studies

10PRE-DECISIONAL – FOR INTERNAL NASA USE ONLY

Future Orbital Flight Missions 2011-2022

Pre-Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission

2010 - New Report - Responding to the Challenge of Climate and Environmental Change: NASA's Plan for a Climate-Centric Architecture for Earth Observations and Applications from Space (http://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/)

The PACE mission will make global ocean color measurements to provide extended data records on ocean ecology and global biogeochemistry (e.g., carbon cycle) along with polarimetry measurements to provide extended data records on clouds and aerosols. Understanding of impacts and feedbacks of the Earth system to climate are of critical importance.

The PACE mission will extend key global climate data records based on SeaWiFS, MODIS heritage for ocean color, and begun by PARASOL, MODIS, and MISR for aerosols and clouds.

• The 2007 IPCC identified the largest uncertainty in our understanding of physical climate as that due to aerosols and clouds.

• New and continuing global observations of ocean ecology, biology, and chemistry are required to quantify aquatic carbon storage and ecosystem function in response to human activities and natural events. A key goal is improvement of climate-carbon and climate-ecology model prediction. The blend of atmospheric and oceanic requirements is critical as ocean biology is affected by deposition of aerosols onto the ocean, which in turn, produce aerosol precursors that influence climate.

• CARLOS DEL CASTILLO LEADS THE SDT – TALK TODAY

Earth’s Living Ocean: Future Ocean Biology and Chemistry From Space – Advance Plan of 2007

Revisit in 2012Revisit in 20121. How are ocean ecosystems and the biodiversity they support influenced by climate and

environmental variability and change, and how will these changes occur over time?

2. How do carbon and other elements transition between ocean pools and pass through the Earth System, and how do biogeochemical fluxes impact the ocean and Earth's climate over

time?

3. How (and why) is the diversity and geographical distribution of coastal marine habitats changing, and what are the implications for the well-being of human society?

4. How do hazards and pollutants impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us, and can we mitigate their effects?

Biogeochemical Oceanographic Properties: Organic and inorganic particle abundance and size; Plant species-specific bio- and chemical markers (e.g., calcite); Carbon species; Export carbon; Photosynthesis; Coastal processes; Land-ocean carbon transport; Air-sea interaction

Biological Oceanographic Properties: Photosynthesis; Phytoplankton (plant) biomass; Plant physiology/growth rates; Harmful algal blooms; Plant functional groups (nitrogen fixers, carbon exporters, calcium carbonate, microbial loop); Ecosystems and habitat health; Climate-biology interactions

Time to revisit? Interested parties? http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/DOCS/ under “Misc”

Timeline

MissionThemes

Immediate(1 – 5 Years)

Long-Term(10 - 25 Years)

Near-Term(5 - 10 Years)

Global Separation ofIn-waterConstituents& AdvancedAtmosphericcorrection

High Spatial& TemporalResolutionCoastal

PlantPhysiology& Functional Composition

Mixed LayerDepth

Advanced radiometer & scattering lidar

• 5nm resolution from UV through visible

• Ozone & extended NIR atmosphere bands

• Atmosphere & subsurface particle scattering profiles

Ec

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ms

Bio

geo

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em

istr

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Hab

ita

ts

Haza

rds

Radiometry, aerosols, and physiology lidar

• Global radiometry system

• Aerosol height & species

• Midnight/noon obs of variable stimulated fluorescence

Ocean radiance and atmosphere aerosols• Advanced radiometer

• Scattering lidar for aerosol speciation

• Polarimeter for global aerosol coverage

•500 m passive resolution

Coastal carbon – GEO

Support analysis of current satellite data

Landsat DCM partnership

Development of suborbital sensor systems

Support analysis of global passive data

• Assess functional groups using hyperspectral data

• Estimate algal carbon & chlorophyll to characterize physiology

Support analysis of global & GEO data

Variable fluorescence lidar constellation•Map physiological provinces at different times of day

• Dawn/dusk variable fluorescence lidar

• Noon/midnight lidar

Synthesis/analysis of observational forecast fields & on orbit remote sensing

Mixed layer model development

Prototype mixed layer sensor development

• field testing of novel approaches for remote detection of mixed layer depth & light availability

Mixed layer depth mission •Space-borne proof-of-concept mission for global mixed layer depth mapping

How are ocean ecosystems and the biodiversity they support influenced by climate or environmental variability and change, and how will these changes occur over time?How do carbon and other elements transition between ocean pools and pass through the Earth System, and how do biogeochemical fluxes impact the ocean and Earth's climate over time?How (and why) is the diversity and geographical distribution of coastal marine habitats changing, and what are the implications for the well-being of human society?

How do hazards and pollutants impact the hydrography and biology of the coastal zone? How do they affect us, and can we mitigate their effects?

Top Priority Science Question Color Code

Improved management of ecosystem goods and services

Information based policy on greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading

Mapping and assessment of coastal habitats for future development plans and tourism

National security and improved forecasting of natural and human-induced hazards

Example of Benefits to Society

Constellation of imaging spectrometers

• High temporal res

• LEO, MEO or GEO

• Include SAR

Continued deployment of suborbital systems

High-res coastal imager• 20 bands from UV - NIR

• 10 m res – 100 km swath

GEO carbon mission

Deployment of suborbital systems

Bold Green Text Represents Satellite MissionsBold Blue Text Represents Development Activities leading to Missions

Cross-hatch indicates secondary contribution to Mission Theme

GEO partnership

14PRE-DECISIONAL – FOR INTERNAL NASA USE ONLY

Future Orbital Flight Missions 2011-2022

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VENTURE-CLASS UPDATE/STATUS

• Venture-Class is a Tier-I Decadal Survey recommendation– Science-driven, PI-led, competitively selected, cost- and schedule-

constrained, regularly solicited, orbital and suborbital– Venture-class investigations complement the systematic missions identified in

the Decadal Survey, and provide flexibility to accommodate scientific advances and new implementation approaches

• Venture-Class is fully funded, with 3 “strands”– EV-1: suborbital/airborne investigations (5 years duration)

o Solicited in FY09 (selections in FY10) and every 4 yearso 5 investigations selected; flights began in FY11

– EV-2: small complete missions (5 years duration)o Solicited in FY11 (selections in FY12) and every 4 yearso Small-sat or stand-alone payload for MoO; $150M total development costo AO released 17 June, NOI received 22 July, proposals due 29 Sept 2011

– EV-Instrument: Spaceborne instruments for flight on MoO (5 years dev.)o Solicited in FY11 (selections in FY12) and annually thereaftero Final AO release in 2nd half of FY11 – out for comment via NSPIRES nowo ~$90M development costs, accommodation costs budgeted separatelyo Common Instrument Interface specs being developed

NASA OB&B Research – Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences

• ROSES 2011 - http://nspires.nasaprs.com/ - Amended February 2012• Carbon Monitoring System

• continuing development towards a Carbon Monitoring System (CMS). Under its CMS initiative as directed by Congress in 2010, NASA initiated pre-Phase A and pilot studies and a scoping effort for a carbon monitoring system (http://carbon.nasa.gov/index.html) - $8M/yr, 20-50 new awards - up to 18 months• As of 4.20 at 1200, 12 proposals received, and 52 pending.

• ROSES 2012 - http://nspires.nasaprs.com/ - Released 14 February 2012• Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry - A.3 - up to 3.0M/yr [30 May 2012] – 75 NOIs

• Impacts On and Vulnerability Of Biological Oceanography - New analyses of impacts to and vulnerability of aquatic ecosystems/biological oceanography (e.g., taxa, physiology, phytoplankton physiological properties & plant functional types, etc., not carbon cycle science), to global environmental or climate variability and change. (up to 3 yrs)• New and/or Multisensor Data Analyses and Approaches of Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Objectives - Science investigations to advance the development and utilization of new and/or multisensor remote sensing approaches to estimate important ocean biology and biogeochemistry (ecosystem and carbon cycle) properties. Studies using data to evaluate approaches relevant to future satellite missions are of special interest. (up to 3 yrs)

NASA OB&B Research – Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences

• ROSES 2012 - http://nspires.nasaprs.com/ - Released 14 February 2012• Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry - A.3 - up to 3.0M/yr [30 May 2012] – 75 NOIs

• Ocean Biological and Biogeochemical Impacts of the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill - Studies to analyze coastal and open ocean ecosystem impacts of the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill utilizing NASA airborne and in situ optical data collected in support of the national response. (2 yrs)• Field campaigns - Scoping studies to identify the scientific questions and develop the initial study design and implementation concept for a new NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry field campaign or related team project (scale on par with ICESCAPE, SO GasEx, ARC-TAS, SEA4CRS, etc.). (12-18 months)• Successor studies - Successor studies that offer to significantly advance the results of prior NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry research toward meaningful answers to important NASA and USGCRP carbon cycle and ecosystems and NOC research questions (up to 3 yrs)

• Remote Sensing of Water Quality – A.32 – (Terrestrial Hydrology and OBB programs) – up to $1M/yr [22 August 2012]

• Techniques to improve remote sensing of water quality – atm corrections and shallow water

• Improving detection of the link between optical and biogeochemical properties

NASA OB&B Research – Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences

• ROSES 2012 - http://nspires.nasaprs.com/ - Released 14 February 2012• Rapid Response and Novel Research in Earth Science – A.26 – (Diane Wickland, POC) [rolling deadline]

• 2.1 Targets of Opportunity: Rapid Response to Earth System Events and Opportunities to Collaborate (Rapid Response) - Research proposals having great urgency for action 1) involving quick-response research on natural or anthropogenic extreme events, disasters, and/or similar unanticipated or unpredictable events, and 2) requiring a quick funding decision to take advantage of an opportunity for research collaboration that is only available for a short time.• 2.2 First-Time Development of Innovative, Novel Ideas in Earth Remote Sensing (Novel Earth Science) - proposals to conduct highly novel scientific research that cannot be considered as relevant under any other NASA solicitations. Research that is new and different: initial exploration of a novel idea or a first demonstration of new scientific use of remote sensing data or technology

• Topical Workshops, Symposia, Conferences – E.2 – (Max Bernstein, POC) – [rolling deadline]

• Proposals for topical workshops, symposia, conferences, other scientific/technical meetings that advance the goals and objectives of only the following SMD Divisions: Earth Science, Heliophysics, and Planetary Science.• one-year maximum duration

NASA OB&B Research – Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences

• ROSES 2013• Interdisciplinary Science – ideas under discussion• Carbon Cycle Science – A U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan (released 2012) – can go to

http://www.carboncyclescience.gov/ and find the plan pdf released in 2011 (Michalak et al.) Plan questions:• Question 1. How do natural processes and human actions affect the carbon cycle on

land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans?• Question 2. How do policy and management decisions affect the levels of the primary

carbon-containing gases, carbon dioxide and methane, in the atmosphere?• Question 3. How are ecosystems, species, and natural resources impacted by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations, the associated changes in climate, and by carbon management decisions?• PACE Science Team

OB&B Program Budget

• NASA Shared Services Center (NSSC) also known as the “NASA Grants Office” is responsible for all grants management, they know/they do:• Where your funds are• What your start date is• Processing progress reports (after Technical Officer/Program Manager approval)• If you Google “NSSC”, generally the first or second hit – 1.877.NSSC123, have

interactive web site where you can look up the award status• All grants, contracts, awards paperwork to institutions contain the name of a person in the HQ grants office (interagency transfers and contracts) and NSSC (grants) who processed your paperwork. This is a contact person!

• Uncosted carryover – Carryover of funds from one fiscal year to next – two year money• Obligation and Costing problem for NASA linked to invoicing from institutions – • Rescission to NASA in FY2011 plus uncosted – $1.5M cut• FY12 so far 250K, recently brought to the attention of the program managers what awards have uncosted carryover from FY10 (413K) – if it is not spent ASAP, it could mean reduction to FY12 or in FY13 (Jack Kaye Email of 4.20.12)• Email sent to all PIs of FY10 carryover awards regarding this issue in April by program manager • Please check with your ORSP or equivalent, and please check with the NSSC to ensure your invoices have been received• Right now FY11 has $1.85M in carryover – please try to cost by 9.30.12

International Relations (ESA, ISRO, etc.)

Support Committee on Earth Observing Satellites (CEOS) - Co-lead/POC for Ocean Color Radiometry Virtual Constellation + Formulation of INSITU-OCR (International Network for Sensor InTercomparison and Uncertainty assessment for Ocean Colour Radiometry)• INSITU-OCR – NASA Program Office (?) through Field Program Support Office –

Talk by Sean Bailey• Aeronet-OCLead for IOCCG Level-1 requirements working group – draft report - publication in 2012 (end) or early 2013

• Support Working Group on Essential Climate Variables• Support Working Group on Level-1 Requirements for Ocean Color

NASA-ESA Data Sharing Agreement (update by Bryan Franz) Agreement on data access and user authentication by Sept. 2011 Receive bulk data shipment of MERIS Full resolution data by Sept. 2011 Receive bulk data shipment of MERIS Reduced Resolution data by Nov. 2011 Complete shipment of entire MODIS Aqua data archive by Sept. 2011

NASA-NOAA-ISRO Progress on OceanSat-2 OCM data validation/refinementSecond ISRO OceanSat-2 lunar calibration maneuver completed 14 September 2011Data exchanges being negotiatedISRO planning regular biannual lunar calibration maneuver

Satellite Data from Calibrated Sensors

In Situ Data•Collection of required bio-optical and atmospheric measurements (INSITU-OCR PIs)•in situ instrument calibration (Project round robin SI-traceable, IOPs, AOPs)•Data collection following NASA Ocean Optics protocols•Archive of calibrated QC in situ data (SeaBASS)•Calibrated instrument pool•Development of new instrumentation

Calibration StrategyPre-launch• Lab. characterization & calibration

(SI-traceable)• Solar calibration (transfer-to-orbit)

Postlaunch (operational adjstmnts)• Solar calibration (daily)• Lunar calibration (monthly)• Multiple sites Lwn time series for

vicarious calib. (ISRO, MOBY-C)

Product & Algorithm Validation•Atmospheric & bio-optical algorithm validation & development (INSITU-OCR PIs & project staff)•Match-up analysis via Aeronet OC sites, satellite QC, time series eval., Bio-Argo, ChloroGIN etc.• Earth System/Climate Model data assimilation

Mission Feedback•Science community input•Comparison with other appropriate products•New Mission•Protocol development

Improved Products & Algorithms•Reprocessing due to improvements in calibration, masks, binning schemes, product compatibilities, etc.•New products from bio-geochemical, atmospheric fields, etc•Data distribution interface

Satellite data processing software• SeaDAS & BEAM for ACE, OCM-2, MERIS, OLCI, SGLI, GOCI, GEO-CAPE, etc.

INSITU-OCR components (under discussion)

IN SITU-OCR OFFICE

SIMBIOS type follow-on office (NASA?) with agency

representatives (under investigation)

Feedback

22

International Partnerships:Unrestricted data availability/use;

Sharing of in situ Cal/Val data; Ship time; Models – INSITU-OCR

Carbon Cycle, Ecosystems Research

C

NASA’s Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry NASA’s Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry ResearchResearch

Time Series, Vicarious Cal,

Data Product Val, Field Campaigns

(BATS, BOUSSOLE,Aeronet - OC)

TerraTerra

AquaAqua

SeaWiFSSeaWiFS

Climate InitiativeClimate Initiative/DS /DS

Missions/EV/AirborneMissions/EV/Airborne

NACP/OCBNACP/OCBIMBER/SOLASIMBER/SOLAS

ICESCAPEICESCAPE

Ocean/Coastal Processes

from Space & MAP

CZCS

Field Program Field Program Support Office: IOPs, Support Office: IOPs,

AOPs, Protocols, AOPs, Protocols, Instrumentation, RRsInstrumentation, RRs

24

- Science team working on validating the data with target of having the first validated products released no later than Dec 2012- Currently, all provisional data from Level-0 through Level-3 available online - http://aquarius.nasa.gov

Aquarius Mission-long Salinity Composite (NASA/CONAE)

Aquarius Science Goals

• Investigate the links between the global water cycle, ocean circulation and climate• Make global, space-based measurements of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS)• Provide 0.2 psu (practical salinity unit) accuracy at monthly, 150 km resolution• Observe and model seasonal and year-to-year variations of SSS, and how these relate to changes in the

water cycle and ocean circulation• Aquarius has begun to yield an unprecedented view of ocean’s role in climate and weather

HPLC Update

Crystal Thomas this PMRemember to identify in your proposals and proposal budgets the details and costs concerning any HPLC requestsAny lab can propose to process their own HPLC samples, we just ask you to follow protocols and participate in round robins or QA/QC with other labsPriority is for funded NASA OB&B PIs (3000 samples/year)Reminder of a request of 10% duplication at a minimumGiulietta Fargion is the quota/shipping/data manager (gfargion@projects.sdsu.edu)

Data collection – include a plan for data management and remember all data need to be submitted to SeaBASS (J. Werdell and C. Proctor talks this morning)

Programmatic Last Thoughts

Costing and Obligation – timely obligation and costing of funded projects (we lose funds due to uncosted carryover every year!)Reporting our accomplishments both within and outside the agency. Help!• Copies of publications, ideally with an accompanying ppt slide(s) and

narrative explaining the result(s) and scientific/societal significanceThank you to all who participate in science requirement development on missions (Decadal Survey and Climate Initiative)IOCST - Next OCRT Meeting – 2013 with international communityPACE AOFuture field campaigns and solicitationsIPA – help is needed in OB&B program• Advertisements in 2011 and 2012 in EOS and elsewhere• Interested parties, please come talk with me or give me a call