Starter 2-4-2015

1. What are the positive impacts of this invention?

2. How has this invention impacted people in a negative way?

3. Has it made the world a "smaller" place in any way? Explain your answer.

Over the past 20 years we have been involved in a technological revolution. What we have seen in the last few years was unimaginable when our grandparents were young, and has changed the way the world communicates and does business. Can you think of another time period when inventions changed the world dramatically in a short time?

http://www.mrpopculture.com/thereport/pop-culture-audio-and-telephone-history-a-timeline/

Without the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840’s), many of the conveniences of today might not have come along so quickly.The Industrial Revolution spread throughout the world but it all began in England. We will learn what caused this revolution to take place.The theme of the Industrial Revolution is competition and necessity.

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Was there an Industrial

Revolution?1750–1900

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Before 1750, industries, such as the textile industry, were

very small. In most cases, the thread or cloth was produced in

people’s homes or small workshops. The manufacturer would

deliver the raw materials and the whole family, including the

children, would make the goods in their cottage using hand-

or water-powered spinning wheels or looms.

#1 The Domestic System

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The manufacturer would then collect the finished product in

return for a payment to the head of the family. This type of

industry is called the Domestic System.

Think!

What were the advantages of the Domestic System

for workers?

What were the disadvantages for the manufacturer?

#2

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The Domestic System could only produce goods in small

quantities. As manufacture was by hand, with items being

made individually, it was a slow process. With the rapidly

growing population of this period, the Domestic System just

would not have been able to produce the amount of goods

required.

# 3 Why did the Domestic System have to

change?

Some manufacturers recognized the need to speed up

production, and invented new machinery which could do the

work of several people. As the next slide shows, this did not

happen overnight, but was a long process which began

before 1750.

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From about 1750 there was a major change in the way

some goods were made. Instead of people working small

hand-powered machines in their homes, new factories

were set up with rows of large machines. Workers would

leave their homes each day to work in the factory, in return

for a weekly wage.

#4 The Factory System

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Some factories were huge. This cotton mill, built in 1850

by Sir Titus Salt just outside Bradford, was one of the

largest of its time.

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#5 The larger machines in one location meant that goods

could be produced in huge quantities at more affordable

prices. A machine operated by one worker in a factory could

do the work of several families at home.

To begin with, many of the machines were powered by

water wheels, but by the beginning of the 19th century many

used steam power. The Domestic System still continued

alongside the Factory System for a time, but it became

more and more difficult to compete against mass

production.

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1) Think of one advantage and one

disadvantage of the Factory System for the

workers.

2) What major improvement was there for

the manufacturer in the Factory System?

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There are many reasons why industry changed:

#6 Why was there an Industrial Revolution?

• Invention of steam power

• Invention of new machines

• Increased population

•Development of new transport systems

•Development of the British Empire.

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Steam-powered machines in the iron industry, such as the

steam hammer, could shape huge pieces of iron for making

machines, girders, ships or railway tracks.

A steam engine

# 6a) The invention of the steam engine

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Many factory machines were steam-powered.

Steam pumps could now pump water out of mines, allowing

deeper mines to be dug. More coal was produced which

was needed, in turn, to fuel the steam engines.

Steam engines powered trains and

ships. These could carry much

larger quantities of raw materials

and finished goods across Britain

and the world, and in a faster time.

Don’t forget that industries were already changing

before the invention of the steam engine.

#6b

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This was a period of

invention. Many new

machines were designed to

speed up production.

#6c) Invention of new machines

In the 18th century these

were powered by hand or

water, but the steam-

powered machines of the

next century were altogether

more powerful, faster and

more precise. Now mass

production was possible.

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The growing population and the migration of people from

the countryside to the industrial towns provided a huge

workforce for new industries. Without this the factories

could not have succeeded.

Watch the next two slides carefully

#6d) Increased population

The increased population also resulted in many more

people needing and buying goods. There was, therefore, a

huge demand for these new mass-produced goods.

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#6e) How the British workforce was occupied 1801 to

1871.N

o. o

f pe

op

le in

mill

ion

s

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Occupations in 1801 Occupations in 1871

How the workforce changed:

#6F

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As the industry started changing, new transport systems

developed alongside. In the mid-18th century the first

canals were built to transport raw materials to the factories

and to take finished goods to markets.

Following the invention

of the steam engine, the

railways and steam

ships transformed the

transportation of both

raw materials and mass-

produced goods. Costs

were reduced and time

was saved.

#6G) New transport systems

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During the 18th and 19th centuries, Britain gained control of

more and more territories or colonies. This empire helped the

revolution of industry by providing the raw materials that were

necessary. It also provided new markets in which to sell

Britain’s manufactured goods.

Think!What problems would the British industry have had without

an empire?

#6H) Development of the British Empire

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