STANDARDS

• ELACCW8.1: Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

• ELACCRI8.10: Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

• What is pre-writing and how do we use it within the Writing Process?

• What are some effective ways to write an engaging introduction paragraph?

• Explain what are transition words and there purpose in writing?

Transition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsWords to Add, Compare, Contrast, Words to Add, Compare, Contrast,

Exemplify, Summarize, and Exemplify, Summarize, and Sequence. Sequence.

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,

TIME TO READRead: “Position on Dodge Ball in Physical

Education” on p. 986-987“The Weak Shall Inherit the Gym” on p.

988-989

Compare and contrast the two articles identifying the claims, engaging openings, thesis statements, and supporting details.

WRITING PROMPT• Writing Prompt: There is a saying, “there ought to be

a law.” You are to create your own law or change an existing law, and write a speech to your classmates to convince them that your law should be passed.

• Your essay should include the following:• Engaging Opening (use one of the five engaging

openings we went over in class)• A thesis statement and three sub points/subtopics • Transitions• An effective conclusion (use one of the four we went

over in class)• RAFT St5. rategy (your role as a writer, the audience,

the format you are writing in, and the topic)

Some DOS and DON’Ts

•Do:• Divide into 5 paragraphs• Have a thesis statement in

your introduction• Come up with 3 main points

to support your argument—these will be your 3 body paragraphs

• Have a conclusion that contains a clincher statement

• Come up with a catchy title

•Don’t • Begin with “hello my name

is___ and I’m going to write about____”

• Take out the word I (instead of I think we shouldn’t wear uniforms say “Uniforms shouldn’t be required”

• Be wishy washy. Pick a side.

• Forget to support your opinions with facts and example

Stages of writing• Prewriting (brainstorming)• Rough draft (pencil)• Revising/editing• Final draft (in pen)

Brainstorming• Hamburger

These are things that make a fabulous persuasive essay

• A terrific title• A thought provoking thesis statement• An interesting introduction with a hook• 3 banging body paragraphs with

innovative ideas • Tremendous transition words between

paragraphs• A killer conclusion with a clincher

statement

What is a thesis statement?

• A thesis statement is one sentence at the end of your introduction that states your opinion. It needs to be strong.

3 banging body paragraphs with innovative ideas

• You should come up with three points to support your opinion

• Each of the points will be turned into a body paragraph

• Try to think of ideas that no one else would think of

3 banging body paragraphs with innovative ideas (an

example)

• Your school has a uniform policy. Some people argue that uniforms in schools are beneficial because they cause less distractions, and some argue that they are not a good idea because they take away a student’s individuality. Do you agree or disagree with uniform policy? Make sure to support your position

3 banging body paragraphs with innovative ideas (an

example)

• Thesis: Uniform policies are beneficial in schools, and should be implemented nationwide.

Reason 1: Allows for less bullying based on wardrobe.

Reason 2: Students will concentrate more on school and less on attire.

Reason 3: It cuts down on cost of school clothes and time spent getting ready in the morning.

Tremendous transition words

• Transition words move from one thought to the next

• Usually at the beginning of 3 body paragraphs

• Avoid the same weak transition words (first, next, last)

A killer conclusion with a clincher statement

• Clincher statement is the last lline of your paper. It should almost shock your reader

• Conclusion leaves a lasting impression…

A killer conclusion with a clincher statement

• In conclusion, over 95% of parents polled are in agreement with a school wide uniform policy. Uniforms allow students to be who they are, not what they wear. After all, shouldn’t school be about academics rather than apparel? It’s time our nation got back to reading, writing, and arithmetic….not Baby Phat, Apple Bottom, and FUBU.

How will I be graded?• On these four areas:• Style • Organization• Ideas• Conventions

Writing situation appears first

Writing SituationThe Department of Education is considering a ban on the use of cell phones in public schools. Students would not be able to bring phones into school buildings for any reason. Many teachers and school administrators approve of the plan because they believe that cell phones are a distraction and disrupt class. Students and parents, on the other hand, feel that schools are limiting the ability of parents and children to keep in touch in case of emergencies.

Writing Directions Write a letter to your principal either

supporting or opposing the cell-phone ban. Provide convincing reasons and specific examples to support your position.

Prewriting• Four fold method

Now…• For the following prompt, create

– A terrific title– An interesting introduction with a

hook– A killer conclusion with a clincher

statement

PEER EDITINGPlease exchange papers with an elbow partner.

Read over your partner’s paper.

Use the “Peer Editing” form and give them feedback on their writing.

Return the writing sample and the form to your partnner when done.

HOMEWORK• Complete Transition Word

Worksheet• Create poster using one

persuasive technique to support your law

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,

Transition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsWords to Add, Compare, Contrast, Words to Add, Compare, Contrast,

Exemplify, Summarize, and Exemplify, Summarize, and Sequence. Sequence.

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,

Transition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsWords to Add, Compare, Contrast, Words to Add, Compare, Contrast,

Exemplify, Summarize, and Exemplify, Summarize, and Sequence. Sequence.

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,

Transition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsWords to Add, Compare, Contrast, Words to Add, Compare, Contrast,

Exemplify, Summarize, and Exemplify, Summarize, and Sequence. Sequence.

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,

Transition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsWords to Add, Compare, Contrast, Words to Add, Compare, Contrast,

Exemplify, Summarize, and Exemplify, Summarize, and Sequence. Sequence.

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,

Transition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsTransition WordsWords to Add, Compare, Contrast, Words to Add, Compare, Contrast,

Exemplify, Summarize, and Exemplify, Summarize, and Sequence. Sequence.

The Functions of Transition Words

• Transitions function to connect words, phrases, and clauses.

1. Apples and oranges are types of fruit.2. Not only fast cars but also slow

trucks make up highway traffic.3. Henri stopped writing so that he

could listen to his friend.

Transitions Add, Compare, and Contrast1. Addition

We also visited Miami Beach.2. Comparison

We like them have to study.3. Contrast

Instead of riding, they walked.

Transitions for Example, Summary,

and Sequence4. Example:

To illustrate, I will tell a story.5. Summary:

In sum, you must try hard.6. Time Sequence: At last, she said yes.

Transitions of Addition

• Common Words1. And2. Also 3. Besides4. Too5. First6. Next7. Last

• Power Terms1. Moreover2. Furthermore3. In Addition

Transitions of Comparison

• Simple Ones1. Also2. Too

• Complex Ones1. In the same way2. Likewise3. Similarly

Transitions of Contrast• Simple Contrast1. But2. Yet3. Still4. Even so5. Instead6. Otherwise7. Regardless

• Complex Contrast1. Although2. At the same time3. Despite that4. In contrast5. In spite of6. Nevertheless7. Notwithstanding8. On the other hand

Transitions of Example• Simple Example1. For example 2. For instance3. Indeed 4. In fact 5. Of course

• Complex Example

1. As an illustration2. In other words3. In short4. That is5. To illustrate

Transitions of Summary• Simple Ones1. Altogether2. Finally

• Complex Ones1. In brief2. In conclusion3. In other words4. In particular5. In short6. In summary7. On the whole8. That is

Sequence Transitions

• Simple Ones1. Afterward 2. again 3. before 4. finally5. last6. lately 7. meanwhile 8. Next9. soon10.then

• Complex Ones1. as long as 2. at last 3. at length 4. at that time5. in addition 6. in the past7. So far8. Until now

Watch out forTransition Words

• Just like traffic signals on busy roads, transitions words tell good readers to watch out for a change of direction in the passage.

• “Good readers follow the signals. Hence, you will too!”

Practicing Transitions

1. In addition,2. Likewise,3. Even so,4. For instance,5. In general,6. Finally,