Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications...
-
Upload
danielle-bauer -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications...
![Page 1: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Standard Grade Computing
![Page 2: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
General
Credit
• Computer Systems
• General Purpose Packages
• Communications and Networks
• Industrial Applications
![Page 3: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Computer Systems
![Page 4: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
General
Credit
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
• common features of high level languages;
• purpose of high level languages;
• need for translation
• types of translator:• — compiler• — interpreter
• portability of software
![Page 5: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
General
Credit
OPERATING SYSTEMS
• operating system as a program;
• directory/folder • interactive system;• real-time systems;• types of file:
– data– program
• operating system provides a
• HCI for the user• [file management,
memory management, error reporting]
![Page 6: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
General
Credit
OPERATING SYSTEMS
• interactive systems with background job capability
• device drivers;• hierarchical filing
system;• sequential and
random/direct access to data
![Page 7: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
General
Credit
LOW LEVEL MACHINE
• stored program;• bit, byte, kilobyte
(Kb), megabyte (Mb), gigabyte (Gb), terabyte (Tb)
• main memory size;• concept of machine
code;
• calculation of storage requirement of b/w bit-map;
![Page 8: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
General
Credit
LOW LEVEL MACHINE
• representation of positive whole number, text,
• b/w bit-mapped graphics
• processor structure:– control unit;
– Arithmetic/Logic Unit
(ALU);
– Registers
• Word;• concept of
addressability
![Page 9: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
General
Credit
HARDWARE
• ROM and RAM;• storage location;
capacity of backing storage;
• mainframe, desktop, laptop/notebook, palmtop;
• sequential and random/direct access devices
![Page 10: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
DETAILED CONTENT OF CURRENT DEVICES
![Page 11: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
General
Credit
input devices
• scanner;• digital still camera;
digital video camera; webcam;
• microphone
• specialised input devices for:
• — disabled users;• — virtual reality;• use of a variety of
input devices for multimedia;
• sound card
![Page 12: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
General
Credit
output devices
• comparison of printer in terms of– :speed(ppm);– capital costs– running costs– resolution(dpi);
• Liquid Crystal Display (LCD);
• Thin Film Transistor (TFT)
• loudspeakers
• specialised output devices for:– disabled users;– virtual reality;
• use of variety of output devices for multimedia
• sound card;• graphics card
![Page 13: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
General
Credit
backing storage
• comparison of backing storage in terms of:– speed (data transfer);
– cost;
– capacity;
• Types– CD-Recordable (CD-R)
– CD- Rewriteable (CD-RW)
– DVD-Recordable (DVD-R)
– DVD-Rewriteable (DVD-RW)
– USB Flash Drive
• backing storage requirements for different applications
![Page 14: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
GENERAL PURPOSE PACKAGES
![Page 15: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
General
Credit
NEED
• accurate, complete and up- to-date information
• flow of information between and within organisations
![Page 16: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
General
Credit
STORAGE
• need for backup • Advantages of standard file formats (text, ASCII, RTF)
![Page 17: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
General
Credit
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACE (HCI)
• user friendliness• WIMP environment —
– Windows, Icons, Menu, Pointer;
• template;• wizard • online help• online tutorial• Graphical User Interface• toolbar
• keyboard shortcuts• Customising HCI
![Page 18: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
General
Credit
SOFTWARE INTEGRATION
• common HCI • ease of transfer of
data
• static/dynamic data linkage integration between separate packages in a software suite
![Page 19: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
General
Credit
DATA TYPES
• text• number• graphic• audio;• photographic
• animation;• video
![Page 20: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
General
Credit
IMPLICATIONS— SOCIAL
• job types and careers;
• retraining;
• mail shots
• Online help, online tutorial; Graphical User Interface; toolbar
• effects on employment and working conditions;
• increased paper
![Page 21: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
General
Credit
IMPLICATIONS— SECURITY AND PRIVACY• exceptions to right of
access;• control of access (eg
passwords);• unauthorized access
to data (eg hacking)
• Data Protection Act – data subject
– data controller
– data user
• Computer Misuse Act;
• Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
![Page 22: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
General
Credit
IMPLICATIONS— ECONOMIC
• initial costs• replacement costs;• running costs
• staff costs
![Page 23: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
General
Credit
ADVANTAGES
• speed and accuracy of processing;
• ease of amendment• increased productivity• layout flexibility
• availability of information
![Page 24: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
General
Credit
WORD PROCESSING
• standard paragraph• search and replace• spelling check• grammar check• tabulation;• table;• page breaks
• standard letter and mail merge;
• create template;• edit scanned text from
OCR
![Page 25: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
General
Credit
SPREADSHEET
• complex formulae; functions SUM(..), AVERAGE(..), MINIMUM(..), MAXIMUM(..);
• replicate;
• alter cell format and attributes (eg number of decimal places);
• cell protection
• formulae involving conditions (IF(..));
• relative reference;• absolute reference;
• fully labeled charting
![Page 26: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
General
Credit
DATABASE
• alter record format;
• field types (numeric, text, graphic, date, time);
• search on more than one field;
• sort on more than one field;
• complex search for information on CD- ROM/WWW(internet)
• computed field;• alter screen input
format;• alter output format;• use of keywords
![Page 27: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
General
Credit
GRAPHICS
• alter tool attributes (eg line width);
• scale graphic;• rotate graphic
• scan and edit graphic;
• crop graphic
![Page 28: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
General
Credit
DESK TOP PUBLISHING
• use wizard or template;
• enter text;• add clip art • import graphic;• scale graphic
• change layout;• import text;• text wrap around
graphic
![Page 29: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
General
Credit
PRESENTATION AND MULTIMEDIA
• linear linkage of slides or screens;
• assemble elements of presentation including text
• and graphics• add audio; add video• hyperlinks
• capture audio;• capture image
![Page 30: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
General
Credit
WEB PAGE CREATION
• use wizard or template;
• enter text;• add graphic• add audio;• add video;• hyperlinks
• add table;• add hotspots
![Page 31: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
General
Credit
EXPERT SYSTEMS
• Purpose of Expert Systems
• Applications of Expert Systems
• Advantages of Expert Systems
![Page 32: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
COMMUNICATIONS and NETWORKS
![Page 33: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
General
Credit
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
• electronic communication;
• electronic mail;• text messaging• advantages and
disadvantages of electronic mail;
• netiquette
• file transfer — attachments
![Page 34: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
General
Credit
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS WIDE AREA NETWORKS
• sharing data and peripherals;
• local area network(LAN);• wide area network(WAN)• transmission media;
– LAN — cables, wireless– WAN —
telecommunications links
• security (passwords, encryption, physical)
• multi-access;
• network interface card;
• client and server network;
• social, legal and ethical issues
![Page 35: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
General
Credit
INTERNET
• World Wide Web; web page, hyperlink; HTML;
• search engine with simple
search;
• dial-up connection, broadband connection;
• modem • online, offline
• Internet Service Provider; search engine with complex search;
• download software — freeware, shareware, commercial;
• mobile Internet technologies;
• video conferencing
![Page 36: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
![Page 37: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
General
Credit
NEED
• speed;• hazardous
environment;• repetitive tasks• efficiency;• accuracy
• adaptability
![Page 38: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
General
Credit
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
• sensors; feedback• robots:
– anatomy
– motor
– programmable
– stationary/mobile
– tools
• CAD/CAM
![Page 39: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
General
Credit
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
• analogue I/O;• interface• guides — magnetic
and light;• high level
instructions;• simulation;• virtual reality;• real-time processing
• A to D and D to A converters;
• control language; • ROM software;
embedded systems;• intelligent robots
![Page 40: Standard Grade Computing. General Credit Computer Systems General Purpose Packages Communications and Networks Industrial Applications.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070305/5514dd8a550346935c8b549a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
General
Credit
IMPLICATIONS
• retraining
• employment• — changes in nature of job;
• — increased leisure time
• industrial automation;
• safety precautions
• high initial cost; long term savings; replacement costs
• design of workplace;• modern factory;• need for systems
analysis