Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires,...
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![Page 1: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis Wilderness)
![Page 15: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Stand initiation: Natural regeneration 5 years after windstorm w/ salvage harvesting; no site preparation, no planting (Black Forest, Germany)
![Page 16: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stratification after Disturbance (clearcut)
Quaking Aspen (natural regeneration) overtoppting Red pine (planted)
(MN)
![Page 17: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Stem exclusion
90-year old Red pine, natural regeneration w/o thinning
Basal area: appr. 270 square feet/acre
(MN)
![Page 18: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Stem exclusion: Managed beech stand, naturally regenerated, repeated thinnings, kept dense to prevent understory vegetation(Black Forest, Germany)
![Page 19: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Understory inititation: Balsam fir invading quaking aspen stand (MN)
![Page 20: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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Understory initiation (by same species as overstory): Eastern white pine regeneration under Eastern White pine, repeated fires kept understory open (MN)
![Page 22: Stand initiation: South facing hillside, kept open by moisture limitations + repeated fires, Douglas-fir slowly invading (Kalamopsis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649f1c5503460f94c32a87/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
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Late understory initiation:
Balsam fir under Quaking aspen (MN)
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Understory initiation: Cleared gap shows extend of understory vegetation (mostly hazel) under 70-year old Douglas-fir
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