COMMUNICATION

UNIT 5

Infinitive And Gerund PhrasesReported Speech

TYPES OF PEOPLE YOU MIGHT MEET

Word Definition

1) The braggart a) Someone who always says nice things about others.

2) The interrupter b) Someone who ignores the one that is talking in a conversation.

3) The complimenter c) Someone who is always talking about his/her accomplishments.

4) The bore d) Someone who is always jumping into the conversation out of turn.

5) The conversation starter

e) Someone who talks about topic that no one cares.

6) The wandering eye f) Someone who tries out different topics to get a conversation going.

GRAMMAR NOTES

In the structure it + be + adjective + infinitive

phrase, the subject is it

It´s impolite to ask how much money someone

makes.

This kind of sentence can be changed to start with a

gerund. In this case, the gerund becomes the subject.

Asking how much money someone makes is impolite.

INFINITIVE AND GERUND PHRASES

It´s rude to ignore your conversation partner.

Ignoring your conversation partner is rude

It´s a good idea to try out different topics.

Trying out different topics is a good idea.

It + be + adjective/noun + infinitive phraseIs often used to comment on behavior, these sentences can be restated with gerund phrases

The word considered may also follow be in this kind of sentence.It´s considered impolite to interrupt people.

Interrupting people is considered impolite.

These sentences can also include the phrases for + person /pronoun It´s customary for the complimenter to say nice things about others.

Saying nice things about others is customary for the complimenter.

REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING INFINITIVE OR GERUND PHRASES

It´s inappropriate to talk about politics at work or school.

Using certain gestures is impolite in some foreign

countries.

Asking someone´s age is often considered rude.

It´s not unusual in the U.S to address a professor by his

or her first name.

Hugging friends when you greet them is customary in

many cultures.

Asking strangers if they´re married is inappropriate in

some countries.

REPORTED SPEECH: REQUEST

ORIGINAL REQUEST REPORTED REQUEST

Can you play your music more quietly?

He asked me to play my music more quietly

Don´t come home after midnight.

She told me not to come home after midnight.

She said not to come home after midnight.

Is used to talk about, or report, something that was asked or said in the past.

The most common verbs for reporting a speech are ASK, TELL and SAY. But they are used in the past tense to match the past action.

REWRITE THE SENTENCES INTO REPORTED SPEECH

Meet at Albert`s apartment at 7:30.She told me _________________________________________________. Can you bring your favorite CDs?She asked me ________________________________________________. Don´t bring any food.She told me _________________________________________________. Can you bring a small gift for Albert?She asked me ________________________________________________. Don´t spend more than $10 on the gift.She said _________________________________________________. Be careful not to say anything to him.She said _________________________________________________.

NOTES

Sentence Reported SpeechPresent go Past went

Past went Past perfect had gone

Present perfect have gone Past perfect had gone

Past perfect had gone Past perfect had gone

CAN Go COULD Go

WILL Go WOULD Go

MAY Go MIGHT Go

Modals

REPORTED SPEECH: STATEMENTS.

It is a big secret.

I am getting a terrible grade. They got engaged. We weren´t talking about

you. She has been absent since

Tuesday. We had never been there

before. I will meet you at the cafe.

He said (that) it was a big secret.

He said (that) he was getting a terrible grade.

He said (that) they had gotten engaged.

They said (that) they hadn`t been talking about me.

He said (that) she had been absent since Tuesday.

She said (that) they had never been there before.

He said (that) he would meet me at the café.

DIRECT STATEMENT REPORTED SPEECH

1. Donna :”I have to baby sit my nephew that night.”

She said she

2. William & Brigitte:”We´re going out of town for the weekend.”

They said they

3.Mary:”I´ve been invited to a wedding on Saturday.”

She said she

4. James:”I promised to help Dennis move.”

He said he

5. Anita:” I can´t come because I have the flu.”

She said she

6. Mark:”I´ll be studying for a test all weekend.”

He said he

7. Eva & Randall:”We have to pick someone up at the airport that evening.”

They said they

8. David:” I may have to work late on Saturday night”

He said he

REPORTED SPEECH: COMMANDS.

Don´t say anything!

Don´t run in the park.

Wash your hands.

Close the door.

He told me not to say anything.

My mom told me not to run in the

park.

My dad told me to wash my hands.

My teacher told me to close the

door.

Mary: I can drive you there in the evening.

She said she ______________________________________________.

John: Meet me outside my apartment at 8

He told her _______________________________________________.

Mary: I will be there around eight.

She said she______________________________________________.

John: Don´t be late!

He asked her_____________________________________________.

He told her _______________________________________________.

REPORTED SPEECH: QUESTIONS.

Do you know about the layoffs?

Did you know about the layoffs?

Where does he live? Where did he live?

Are they happy? Is she happy? What are you saying? What is he saying?

I asked him if he knew about the layoffs.

I asked him if he had known about the layoffs.

He asked me where he lived.He asked me where he had

lived.

He asked me if they were happy.He asked me if she was happy.I asked them what they were

saying.I asked them what he was

saying.

Where does he work? She asked me ____________________.

How was the movie? They asked me ___________________.

Who has been here? He asked me _____________________.

Do you like to travel? We asked them ___________________.

Did you move to Paris? I asked him _______________________.

Is she an American girl? I asked her _______________________.

Were they in the hospital? He asked me _____________________________.

Does John see a lot of movies? I asked her_____________________________.