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square number
A number that is the product of a whole
number multiplied by itself; a whole number to the second power.
1
4
9
16
35 = 35 x 35 = 1225 2
square root of a number
The square root of a number n is a number which, when multiplied by itself, results in the
number n.
320= 2*2*2*2*2*2*5 320= 4*4*4*5 or
320=16*4*5 √320=8√5
standard notation
The most familiar way of representing whole
numbers, integers, and decimals by writing
digits in specified place.
587 = 500 + 60 + 7
expanded notation
standard notation
stem-and-leaf plot
A display of data in which digits with larger place values are named
as stems, and digits with smaller place
values are names as leaves.
subtraction
A math operation based on taking
away one quantity from another or
decreasing quantity.
7- 3
4
minuend
subtrahend
difference
symmetry
The property of exact balance in a figure; having the
same size and shape across a dividing
line.
tally chart
Tally charts are used to organize and
display data. A tally chart is a table that
shows how many times each value appears.
term
In an algebraic expression or
equation, a number or a product of a number
and one or more variables.
tessellation
An arrangement of closed shapes that covers a surface
completely without overlaps or gaps.
theorem
A mathematical statement that can be proven to be true (or
sometimes, a statement that is proposed and needs to be proven).
tile
A shape used in a tessellation. If only
one shape is repeated in a tessellation, the tessellation is called
a same-tile tessellation.
top-heavy fraction
A fraction that names a number greater than or
equal to 1; a fraction whose numerator is
equal to or greater than its denominator.
trade-first subtractio
n
Subtraction procedure in which all necessary
trades are done before any
subtractions are carried out.
trapezoid
A quadrilateral that has one pair of
parallel sides. No two sides need to
be the same length.
transparent mirror
A mirror with a front and back face that has a
recessed edge used for drawing lines of
symmetry.
trillion
A digit(s) followed by 12 whole-number places.
One trillion written
in number form is
1,000,000,000,000
in exponential form
1012
turn-around facts
A pair of add or multiplication facts in which the order of the addends or
the factors is reversed.
6 + 33 + 6
143 + 2323 + 143
2 x 33 x 2
234 x 55 x 234
twin primes
Two prime numbers that are separated
by just one composite number.
3 and 5 are twin primes, because they are separated by the composite number 4.
2-dimensional
(2-D)
Objects completely within a flat surface; objects with length and width, but no
thickness.
unit
A label, descriptive word, or unit of measure
used to put a number in context.
24 children27 ducks
30 cents
3 o’clock
1 kg
unit box
A box displayed alongside a set of
numbers or problems.
UnitUnit
Unit
Unit
Unit
cents
dogs
days
inches
bats
unit marks
The equidistant makes that represent
numbers on thermometers, rulers,
and other scales of measurement.
U.S. customary
system
The standard measuring
system used in the United
States.
Distanceinchfootyardmile
Capacitycuppint
quartgallon
Weightouncepound
TemperatureFahrenheit
variable
A letter other symbol that represents a
number. A variable need not represent
one specific number; it can stand for many
different values.
vertex (vertices)
The point at which the rays or line segments of an angle, sides of a polygon, or the ends
of a polyhedron meet.
vertical angles
Two intersecting lines form four
angles. Two angles with the same vertex,
but no sides in common.
“What’s My
Rule?”
A routine that involves a set of number pairs in with the numbers in each pair are related to each other
according to the same rule.
whole
The entire object, collection of objects,
or quantity being considered; the ONE,
the unit, 100%.
width of a rectangle
Length of one side of a rectangle or
rectangular object; often the shorter
side.
X-by-y array
An arrangement having x rows of y per
row, representing x set of y objects in
each set.
2-by-6 arrays: 2 rows, 6 per row
Array of Dots Array of squares
zero facts
The sum of two 1-digit numbers where one of the addends is zero. The product of two 1 digit numbers. The produce is always
0.
0 + 5 = 5 4 x 0 = 0
8 + 0 = 8 0 x 8 = 0
0 + 6 = 6 7 x 0 = 0