SPH3 Grammar Book
Transcript of SPH3 Grammar Book
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By: Emilia Peecher
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Table of Contents
1. Preterit2. Preterit Trigger Words3. -Car, Gar, Zars4. Spock5. Snake and Snakey6. Cucaracha 7. Imperfect8. Imperfect Trigger Words9. Imperfect Irregulars10. Preterit vs. Imperfect11. Ser vs. Estar
12. Verbs Like Gustar13. Comparatives and
Superlatives 14. Comparative and
Superlative Irregulars15. Transition Words16. Future17. Future Trigger Words18. Future Irregulars19. Por20. Para
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1. Independent Event
2. Start or completion of an event
3. Specific time reference
4. Actions part of a chain of events
5. Actions repeated a specific number of times
-ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs
é amos
aste
ó aron
í imos
iste
ió ieron
í imos
iste
ió ieron
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Preterit Trigger Words
Preterit
AnocheAyer
Ante ayerLa semana
El añoPasado(a)
Hace (tiempo) que
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-Car, Gar, Zars
que camos
caste
có caron
cé zamos
zaste
zó zaron
gue gamos
gaste
gó garon
-Car
-Gar
-Zar
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Spock
fui fuimos
fuiste
fue fueron
í imos
iste
ió ieron
hice hicimos
hiciste
hizo hicieron
Ir- to go Ser- to beDar- to give Ver- to
see( use d or v )
Hacer- to make
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Snake and Snakey
Both change in only 3rd person
Snakey
i>y : oir
e>y : leer, creer
Snake
e>i : competir, pedir, preferir, sentir,
servir, venir
o>u : dormir, morir
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CucarachaAll have the same endings.
Andar – aduvEstar – estuvPoder – pudPoner – pusSaber – supTener – tuvVenir – vinConducer – condujProducir – produjTraducir – tradujDecir - dij }
e
iste
o
imos
ieron
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Imperfect1. Repeated actions
2. “set the stage” for past action
3. Time
4. Age
5. Mental states
6. Physical sensations
7. characteristics
-ar verbs -er/ir verbs
aba abamos
abas
aba aban
ia iamos
ias
ia ian
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Imperfect Trigger Words
Imperfect
SiempreA veces
De vez un cuandoMientras
Muchos vecesLos martes
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Imperfect Irregulars
era eramos
eras
era eran
iba ibamos
ibas
iba iban
veía veíamos
veías
veía veían
Ser
Ir Ver
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Preterit vs. Imperfect
1. Beginning or end of an action
2. Narrate a series of past actions
3. Action with a definite ending
4. An interrupted action (snapshot)
1. Habitual past
2. Physical or emotional states
3. Characteristics
4. No definite ending
5. Continuous action (movie)
Preterit Imperfect
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Ser(to be)
Ddoctor
Oorigin
Ccharacteristic
Ttime
Ooccupation
Rrelationship
Ppossession
Eevent
Ddate
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Estar(to be)
Hhealth
Eemotion
Llocation
Ppresent
condition
I
N
G
ING: ando, endo, iendo
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Verbs like Gustar
• Aburrir – to bore
• Encantar – to love
• Faltar – to fail
• Fascinar – to fascinate
• Importar – to be important
• Interesar – to interest
• Molestar – to bother
• Caer bien/mal – to fall
• Doler – to hurt
• Disgustar – to disgust
• Preocupar – to preoccupy
• Apetecer – to wish for
• Quedar – to be
1. When gustar is followed by one or more infinitives, the singular form is used.
2. Gustar is often used in conditional tense for a request
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(more)
(less)
(than)
(than)
(the most) (of)
(the least) (of)
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Viejo
Mayor
Bueno
Mejor
Malo
Peor
Joven
Menor
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Aunque – even though
Tambien – also
Mientras – while
A pesar de – in spite of
Pero – but
Por lo tanto – therefore
Sin embargo/no obstante – never the less
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*WILL*Endings for –ar, er, and ir verbs are the same
Infinitive + é Infinitive + emos
Infinitive + ás Infinitive + éis
Infinitive + á Infinitive + an
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Future Trigger WordsFuture Trigger Words
FutureEl proximo (hora, día, semana,..)
MañanaEn (dos, cuatro,..semanas,
días, horas,..)
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Future IrregularsDecir – dir
Hacer – harPoner – pondrSalir – saldr
Tener – tendrValer – valdrVenir – vendrPoder – podr
Querer – querrCaber – cabrHaber - habr
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Passingthrough
Generallocation
How longsomething
lasts
TransportationAn exchange NumbersIn place of/Instead of
Cause ofsomething
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For whomsomething is
doneDestination
Purpose ofwhich
somethingIs done
Express ideaof deadline
Express anopinion
Compare orcontrast