Spectrum Analyzer

Spectrum Spectrum AnalyzerAnalyzerRay Mathes, Nirav Patel, Ray Mathes, Nirav Patel,

Sagar Savant, Richard Sagar Savant, Richard WunderlichWunderlich

Group 8, ECE4006DGroup 8, ECE4006DGeorgia Institute of TechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology

School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Group 8 - Spectrum Analyzer, 2

Project OverviewProject OverviewA Spectrum Analyzer that synthesizes A Spectrum Analyzer that synthesizes

audio input from the computer and audio input from the computer and outputs it as a physical spectrum.outputs it as a physical spectrum.

Input: MP3, Wave-Input, MicrophoneInput: MP3, Wave-Input, Microphone Output: Water Jets representing Output: Water Jets representing

spectral frequencies.spectral frequencies. FeaturesFeatures

Tunable to frequency ranges to increase Tunable to frequency ranges to increase bin resolutionbin resolution

Real-Time ResponseReal-Time Response


Design LayoutDesign LayoutPumpArray

Computer

Audio

Winamp

FFT Plugin

UP2 Input

MAX7000Chip

PWMLogic

P15

P16

P1

P2

…

Paralell Port

PowerSupply

SwitchingCircuit

Altera Board


SoftwareSoftware WinampWinamp

Generates signal vector from MP3, Generates signal vector from MP3, Wav, etc.Wav, etc.

Creates a 256 bit amplitude stored Creates a 256 bit amplitude stored in an array according to frequency in an array according to frequency channel.channel.


Software (cont.)Software (cont.) Winamp PluginWinamp Plugin

Convert the amplitude into 3 bits Convert the amplitude into 3 bits by chopping off the lower 253 bits.by chopping off the lower 253 bits.

Divide up the frequencies into Divide up the frequencies into usable bins of 16 for each pump usable bins of 16 for each pump address, 4 Bits.address, 4 Bits.

Allow for variation of frequency Allow for variation of frequency rangerange

Use API Calls for the Parallel Port Use API Calls for the Parallel Port to send pump address and data to send pump address and data bits to the Altera board.bits to the Altera board.

Computer

Audio

Winamp

FFT Plugin

Paralell Port


HardwareHardware Want a visually variable amplitudeWant a visually variable amplitude

Varying speed of pump varies flow rateVarying speed of pump varies flow rate Flow rate determines height of water jetFlow rate determines height of water jet

SolutionSolution DC Motors vary speed with input voltageDC Motors vary speed with input voltage Easiest way to achieve this digitally is Easiest way to achieve this digitally is

through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)through Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

UP2 Input

MAX7000Chip

PWMLogic

Altera Board


Pulse Width ModulationPulse Width Modulation A PWM signal is a pulse train A PWM signal is a pulse train

with varying duty cycleswith varying duty cycles

If the frequency of If the frequency of the input voltage is the input voltage is too high, the motor too high, the motor cannot turn on and cannot turn on and off fast enough.off fast enough.By modifying the By modifying the duty cycle, PWM duty cycle, PWM reduces the voltage reduces the voltage to the pump.to the pump.


7 Bit Input7 Bit Input Want 8 steps of resolution in the heightWant 8 steps of resolution in the height

Sending 3 bits of amplitude data per pump:Sending 3 bits of amplitude data per pump:3*16 = 48 bits3*16 = 48 bits

Requires too large of a bus for parallel Requires too large of a bus for parallel interfaceinterface

Solved through AddressingSolved through Addressing Send 3 bits for amplitude and 4 bits address Send 3 bits for amplitude and 4 bits address

data (7 bits total). Requires 16 calls from data (7 bits total). Requires 16 calls from the Parallel Port to update every pumpthe Parallel Port to update every pump

Logic continues generating PWM on each Logic continues generating PWM on each output channel until updated again.output channel until updated again.


LogicLogic 16 channels of PWM generation logic16 channels of PWM generation logic Amplitude and address decoding logicAmplitude and address decoding logic

Would require a Would require a large quantity of large quantity of ICs and discrete ICs and discrete logic to logic to implement.implement.Solution: FPGASolution: FPGA


FPGAFPGA

Altera UP-2 BoardAltera UP-2 Board FLEX10K70 FPGA, 70,000 gates. FLEX10K70 FPGA, 70,000 gates.

Loses memory when powered off.Loses memory when powered off. MAX7000 CPLD, 2,000 gates. MAX7000 CPLD, 2,000 gates.

Maintains chip logic and memory.Maintains chip logic and memory.


UP2 Board OutputUP2 Board Output 16 output pins 16 output pins

produce produce controllable controllable PWM signals PWM signals for each pumpfor each pump

An output of 5V An output of 5V at 10 mA of at 10 mA of current is current is insufficient.insufficient.


Chopper CircuitChopper Circuit Purpose: Turn pumps on/off (Variable amp.)Purpose: Turn pumps on/off (Variable amp.) ComponentsComponents

Darlington Transistor: Cascaded BJTs for current Darlington Transistor: Cascaded BJTs for current amplificationamplification

Diode: Assist motor to discharge stored currentDiode: Assist motor to discharge stored current Benefits: High current amplificationBenefits: High current amplification

SwitchingCircuit


Attwood V500 Water Attwood V500 Water PumpsPumps

CharacteristicsCharacteristics DC powered, low power DC powered, low power

consumption (1.2A, 12V)consumption (1.2A, 12V) BenefitsBenefits

DC pumps reduce cost, DC pumps reduce cost, powerful, amplitude controlpowerful, amplitude control

Shoots water up to 3 feet in Shoots water up to 3 feet in the air without a nozzle, the air without a nozzle, 350GPH350GPH

PumpArray

P15

P16

P1

P2

…


Attwood V500 Water Pumps Attwood V500 Water Pumps (cont.)(cont.)

Problems with Problems with solenoidssolenoids Too ExpensiveToo Expensive Don’t move very far (5 Don’t move very far (5

inches)inches) Overheating problemsOverheating problems

Water Pump ArrayWater Pump Array 16 pumps at maximum 16 pumps at maximum

flow rate require a lot of flow rate require a lot of currentcurrent


Power Supply Power Supply SpecificationsSpecifications

High Current SupplyHigh Current Supply ~ 240 Watts (12V 20A)~ 240 Watts (12V 20A)

16 pumps; each pump draws 1.2A max16 pumps; each pump draws 1.2A max I = 16*1.2 = 19.2AI = 16*1.2 = 19.2A

Ferroresonant TransformerFerroresonant Transformer PWM used to obtain correct PWM used to obtain correct

voltagesvoltages Using a 10,000uF 80V filter Using a 10,000uF 80V filter

capacitorcapacitor

PowerSupply


Power Supply DesignPower Supply Design

12V/20A/240W AC to DC converting Power Supply.12V/20A/240W AC to DC converting Power Supply.


Design ChallengesDesign Challenges

Research absorbed a great Research absorbed a great deal of timedeal of time

Ordering parts is too slow of Ordering parts is too slow of a processa process

Need for power supplyNeed for power supply Incapable of testing pumps Incapable of testing pumps

safely in any labsafely in any lab


Future DevelopmentFuture Development PumpsPumps

Greater number of pumps to increase Greater number of pumps to increase resolutionresolution

More powerful pumps for higher amplitudesMore powerful pumps for higher amplitudes Remove the computer elementRemove the computer element

Input an audio jack Input an audio jack Use a DSP processor to do frequency tuning Use a DSP processor to do frequency tuning

similar to the Winamp pluginsimilar to the Winamp plugin Design a structure to allow for indoor Design a structure to allow for indoor

useuse


Final TimelineFinal Timeline April 18 April 18

Finish power supplyFinish power supply April 22April 22

Finish Winamp plugin and fine tune the Finish Winamp plugin and fine tune the characteristicscharacteristics

Build encasement for Altera board, power Build encasement for Altera board, power supply, and switching circuitsupply, and switching circuit

April 27April 27 Complete webpage: Complete webpage: http://4006.iceglow.comhttp://4006.iceglow.com

April 29April 29 Present Final DemoPresent Final Demo

http://4006.iceglow.com/


Questions?Questions?

Spectrum Analyzer

Documents

Transcript of Spectrum Analyzer