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COMPONENTS


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SPECIAL COMPONENTS

• Strainers

• Bellows/Expansion Joints

• Flowmeters (Orifice, Venturi, Flow Nozzle

• Rupture Disc

• Steam Traps

• Flame Arrestor

• Vortex Breaker


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• Strainers are used in piping systems to protect equipment

sensitive to dirt and other particles that may be carried by the

fluid.

• During system start-up and flushing, strainers may be placed

upstream of pumps to protect them from construction debris that

may have been left in the pipe.

STRAINERS


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• The figures here below depicts typical start-up Strainers.

Permanent Strainers may be installed upstream of control valves,

traps, and instruments to protect them from corrosion products

that may become dislodged and carried throughout the piping

system.

STRAINERS


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• "Y" Type• Basket Type

STRAINERS – TYPES


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• "Y" Type Strainers are named after their shape and normally used to remove foreign matter from pipe lines and provides protection for pumps, meters, valves, and other similar mechanical equipment.

• The Strainer improves the clearance in the medium, and prolongs the life of valves; protect expensive pumps, meters and other equipments.

• It is suitable for water, Air, Gas, petroleum, steam and other fluids.

STRAINERS – Y TYPE


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•A Y-strainer can be installed in either a horizontal or vertical position (Downward flow) with the screen element pointing downward.

• This allows the strainer screen to collect material in the strainer at the lowest point of the screen.



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• A closed vessel with cleanable screen element designed to remove and retain foreign particles down to 0.001 inch diameter from various flowing fluids.• Basket strainers are designed for installation in horizontal lines. They are commonly used for liquid service applications.• Basket Strainers are generally used where high flow capacity is required

STRAINERS – BASKET TYPE


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STRAINERS – BASKET TYPE


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• A filter is a device that removes particles from a given liquid or gas. It includes a disposable medium for removing particles of specified micron sizes.

• Simply stated, a Strainer is also a filter; however, it uses a perforated plate or screen mesh to remove larger particles from a process stream. • The major advantage of a Strainer is that it is reusable. • There are three levels of straining a) coarse, b) medium, and c) fine.

STRAINERS – VS FILTERS


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BELLOWS/EXPANSION JOINTS

Expansion joints are used in piping systems to absorb thermal expansion where the use of expansion loops is undesirable or impractical. Expansion joints are available in many different shapes and materials.

Short description of Metallic, Rubber and Teflon joints are given below.


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METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS

• Metallic Expansion Joints are installed in pipe work and duct systems to prevent damage caused by thermal growth, vibration, pressure thrust and other mechanical forces.• There is a wide range of metallic bellows designs in a variety of materials. Options range from the simplest convoluted bellows used in petroleum refineries.• Materials include all types of stainless steels and high grade nickel alloy steels.


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RUBBER EXPANSION JOINTS

• Rubber Expansion Joints are a flexible connector fabricated from natural or synthetic elastomers and fabrics with metallic reinforcements designed to provide stress relief in piping systems due to thermal changes.•Rubber expansion joints compensate for lateral, torsional and angular movements preventing damage and undue downtime of plant operations.


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RUBBER EXPANSION JOINTS


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TEFLON EXPANSION JOINTS


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TEFLON EXPANSION JOINTS

• Teflon Expansion Joints corrosion proof, non-aging with extraordinary flex life and unmatched reliability.

• The Teflon expansion joint has a widespread acceptance in the chemical processing industry, piping applications where acids and highly corrosive chemicals are being handled and commercial heating and air conditioning systems as pump connectors.

• They can be used to compensate for:Movement, Misalignment, Axial TravelAngular Deflection, and or Vibration in Piping Systems


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Typical ball expansion joint. Metal bellows expansion joint. Rubber expansion joint.

BELLOWS/EXPANSION JOINTS


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ORIFICE PLATES


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ORIFICE PLATES

• Orifice plates are one of the most popular devices for the measurement and control of fluid.

• In flow control applications, orifice plates are used as restriction devices to regulate fluid flow or reduce the flowing pressure downstream of the orifice plate.

• Orifice Plates are normally mounted between a set of Orifice Flanges and are installed in a straight run of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings and Valves.


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ORIFICE PLATES

Difference between an Orifice Plate and a Restriction Orifice?

An Orifice Plate is used to measure flow, while a Restriction Orifice is used to drop upstream pressure of a system. It is similar to an orifice plate but is thicker. While passing the fluid through thick plate energy is lost in friction.


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ORIFICE PLATES – PADDLE TYPE


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ORIFICE PLATES – PADDLE TYPE

• Paddle Orifice Plates are used with raised-face orifice flanges for measurement applications and installed between standard ASME flanges for restriction applications.• The plate and handle are a one-piece seamless design on 1/8-in. thick orifice plates for line sizes 2-inch though 6 inch and ASME classes less than 900. • On all other plates, the handle is welded to the plate as standard; one-piece construction is available as an option. • The flange ASME class and other standard information is stamped on the handle.


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ORIFICE PLATES – RTJ TYPE

• The RTJ type orifice plate incorporates an integral gasket, either oval or octagonal ring, for mounting between ring type joint flanges. • It is suitable for high temperature and pressure applications. • Plate thicknesses depend on line size and differential pressure, and should be sufficient to prevent the plate from bending under operating conditions. • Orifice plates can be made in accordance with customer drawings as required.• RTJ type orifice plates can be supplied complete with ANSI B16.36 orifice flanges.


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VENTURI FLOWMETER


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• The principle of this flow measurement device was first documented by J.B. Venturi in 1797 in Italy. • The principle under which these devices operate is that some pressure head is converted velocity head when the cross-sectional area of flow decreases (Bernoulli equation).• Thus, the head differential can be measured between the upstream section and the throat section to give an estimation of flow velocity, and this can be multiplied by flow area to arrive at a discharge value. • The converging section is usually about 21°, and the diverging section is usually from 5° to 7°.

VENTURI FLOWMETER


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VENTURI FLOWMETER


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• Flow nozzles are often used in flow measurement due to their reliable performance and tolerance to extremes in process and environmental conditions. • A constriction in the flow path causes a pressure drop across the meter. The pressure drop can be measured and correlated with flow rate.• They offer advantages over orifice plates in that they require less upstream piping and incur lower permanent pressure loss• Commonly used as the differential pressure device for the measurement of the flow of fluids, especially for water, steam, air, and gases.

FLOWMETER – FLOW NOZZLE


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FLOWMETER – FLANGED FLOW NOZZLE

A flanged Flow Nozzle is installed between pipe flanges when the taps for the upstream and downstream pressure sensation are provided.


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FLOWMETER – WELDED FLOW NOZZLE

• Weld-In Flow Nozzle is used where pipe flanges are not or cannot be used, such as in high pressure and/or high temperature applications in power plant installations. • This flow nozzle design has a small mounting flange designed to fit between bevelled ends of the inlet and outlet pipe section. • The pipe sections are then welded together with the nozzle in place.


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FLOWMETER – WELDED FLOW NOZZLE

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A rupture disc, also known as a

bursting disc or burst diaphragm, is a non-

reclosing pressure relief device that, in

most uses, protects a pressure vessel,

equipment or system from over

pressurization or potentially damaging

vacuum conditions.

A rupture disc is a type of sacrificial part

because it has a one-time-use membrane

that fails at a predetermined differential

pressure, either positive or vacuum.


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Steam Traps

The function of a steam trap is to discharge condensate from

steam piping or steam heating equipment without permitting live

steam to escape. Some principal types of steam traps are:

• Float

• Thermostatic

• Thermodynamic

• Inverted bucket


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Float Steam

Traps


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Thermostatic traps operate in response to the surrounding

steam temperature.

The thermostatic steam trap contains a thermostatic element

which opens and closes a valve in response to fluid

temperature. Condensate collected upstream of the valve is sub

cooled, cooling the thermostat, which, in turn, exposes the

discharge port. When the cooler condensate is discharged and

the incoming condensate temperature approaches the

saturation temperature, the thermostat closes the discharge

port.


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The thermodynamic steam trap is illustrated in In

this type of trap, flashing of the hot condensate tends to force a small

piston into the discharge opening when the temperature of the

condensate approaches within about 30F (15C) of the saturation

temperature.


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As soon as the condensate collected in the drain system cools

sufficiently below the flash temperature, the trap opens and

discharges the accumulated water until the temperature of the

condensate once more approaches the saturation temperature and

flashes, thereby closing the trap and again repeating the cycle.

A small orifice permits a continuous discharge of steam, flashed

vapour, or non condensable gas when the trap is closed.

Thermostatic Steam Trap


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Inverted Bucket steam traps rely on the difference in

density between steam and condensate to drain condensate as it

forms. This keeps the steam space free of condensate to provide

maximum system efficiency.

These durable traps are designed to withstand corrosion, dirt, and

water hammer to provide long lasting service. On applications where

air and non-condensible gases are present, an external air vent can

be fitted to assist the normal operation.


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Flame Arrestor

An Arrestor is a passive device involving no moving parts which

comprises of passageways of apertures that allow vapours to flow

freely through the arrestor, but will not allow the passage of the

flame front through it, thus prohibiting the transmission of flame

from the unprotected side to the protected side of the device, when

flammable mixtures are present. The arrestor acts to simultaneously

dispense & cool an approaching flame to a temperature below the

Mixtures Auto Ignition Point, thus extinguishing the flame.


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Flame Arrestor


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Vortex Breaker A vortex breaker is a device used in

engineering to stop the formation of a

vortex when a fluid (liquid or gas) is

drained from a vessel such as a tank or

vapor-liquid separator.

This used in high volume pump on a

shallow tank or reservoir.

It basically break it into smaller vortexes

so you would not get cavitation to the

pump


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END OF SLIDE

THANK YOU

SPECIAL COMPONENTS - seabirdgroups.comseabirdgroups.com/upload/pdf/88628Specialcomponents.pdfSPECIAL...

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