Spatial Econometric Analysis Using GAUSS
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Spatial Econometric Analysis Using GAUSS
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Kuan-Pin LinPortland State University
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Spatial Panel Data Analysis The Model Representation
Based on panel data models (pooled, fixed effects, random effects), we consider:
Spatial Lag Model Spatial Error Model
Spatial Error AR(1) Spatial Error MA(1) Spatial Error Components
Spatial Mixed Model T-first representation is more convenient to incorporate
parametric spatial panel data analysis
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Spatial Panel Data Models
Pooled Fixed Effects Random Effects
Spatial LagModelSpatial errorModelSpatial Mixed Model
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Lag Model
1
( )
( )( )( )
t t t t T
t t T
T T
N
W W
Awhere A W
y y X β ε y I y Xβ εε u v ε i u v
y I Xβ i u vI
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Error Model: AR(1), KKP (2006)
1
( )
( )( ), ( )
t t t
t t t T
t t T
T T N
W W
B where B W
y X β ε y Xβ εε ε e ε I ε ee u v e i u v
y Xβ I i u v I
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Error Model: AR(1)
Alternative Specification, Anselin (1988)
1
( )
( ) , ( )
t t t
Tt t
Tt t t
T T N
WW
B where B W
y X β ε y Xβ εε i u eε u e
e I e ve e v
y Xβ i u I v I
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Error Model: MA(1)
( )( )
( )( ), ( )
t t t
t t t t t N t
t t
T T N
W W
C where C W
y X β εε e e y X β I u ve u vy Xβ I i u v I
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Error Components
( )
( )
t t t T N
t t t T
T N T
W W
W
y X β u e y Xβ i u ee ζ ξ e I ζ ξy Xβ i u I ζ ξ
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Seemingly Unrelated Regressions
1,2,...,
t t t t t t
t t t t t t
t t
WW W
t T
y y X β εε ε e ee u v
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Mixed Model: Anselin AR(1)
1 1
( )( )
( )[ ( ) ]
t t t t
t t t
T T
T
T T T
WW
WW
A B
y y X β u ee e v
y I y Xβ i u ee I e v
y I Xβ i u I v
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Spatial Panel Data Models Spatial Mixed Model: KKP AR(1)
1 1
( )( )
( )[ ( )( )]
t t t t
t t t
T
T T
T T T
WW
WW
A B
y y X β εε ε u v
y I y Xβ εε I ε i u v
y I Xβ I i u v
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Spatial Model Specification Tests Based on panel data models (pooled, fixed
effects, random effects), we consider: Moran Test LM Test and Robust LM Test
Spatial Error ModelSpatial Lag Model
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Spatial Model Specification Tests
Pooled Fixed Effects Random Effects
Moran’s I
LM-Error
LM-Lag
Robust LM-Error
RobustLM-Lag
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Moran’s I Test StatisticPooled Model
Moran’s I Index
Can not distinguish between spatial lag or spatial error
2
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ' ' ~ ( ( ), ( ))ˆ ˆ ˆ'
,T
I normal iid E I V In
W n NT
ε Wε ε Wεε ε
W I
1( )( ) , ( ' )traceE I wheren K
MW M I X X X X
' 2 22( ) [( ) ] [ ( )]( ) ( )
( )( 2)trace trace traceV I E I
n K n K
MWMW MW MW
ˆˆˆ ( ' ) '
ε y Xβ
β X X X y
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Moran’s I Test StatisticFixed Effects Model
Moran’s I Index
Can not distinguish between spatial lag or spatial error
2
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ' ' ~ ( ( ), ( ))ˆ ˆ ˆ', ( 1)T
I normal iid E I V In
W n N T
ε Wε ε Wεε ε
W I
1( )( ) , ( ' )traceE I wheren K
MW M I X X X X
' 2 22( ) [( ) ] [ ( )]( ) ( )
( )( 2)trace trace traceV I E I
n K n K
MWMW MW MW
1
ˆ ˆ
ˆ ( ' ) '
ε y Xβ
β X X X y
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LM-Error Test Statistic Pooled Model
LM Test Statistic for Spatial Error
2'
22
2 '
ˆ ˆ( )ˆ
~ (1). ( ' )
ˆˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ, /
T W
LM ErrorT trace WW W W
NT
ε I ε
ε y Xβ ε ε
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LM-Error Test StatisticFixed Effects Model
LM Test Statistic for Spatial Error
2'
22
2 '
ˆ ˆ( )ˆ
~ (1)( 1). ( ' )
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆˆ, / ( 1)
T W
LM ErrorT trace WW W W
N T
ε I ε
ε y Xβ ε ε
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LM-Error Test StatisticRandom Effects Model
LM Test Statistic for Spatial Error
See Baltagi, B. H., S. H. Song, W. Koh (2003).
2
22 2
121
4
41
ˆ ˆ' ( ) ( )
( 1) ( ' )
vv
v
RLM ErrorB
R Q W J W
B T trace WW W W
ε ε
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LM-Lag Test StatisticPooled Model
LM Test Statistic for Spatial Lag
2'
22
2 '
' 2
ˆˆ
~ (1)
ˆˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ, / ,
ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) ( ) / . ( ' )T
LM LagB
W NT
B y y T trace WW W W
εWy
W I ε ε ε y Xβ
W M W
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LM-Lag Test StatisticFixed Effects Model
LM Test Statistic for Spatial Lag
2'
22
2 '
' 2
ˆ
ˆ~ (1)
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆˆ, / ( 1),ˆ ˆ ˆ( ) ( ) / ( 1). ( ' )
T
LM LagB
W N T
B y y T trace WW W W
εWy
W I ε ε ε y Xβ
W M W
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LM-Lag Test StatisticRandom Effects Model
LM Test Statistic for Spatial Lag
See Baltagi, B., Liu, L. (2008).
2 21
2 21
1 1
2 21
ˆ '[ ( ) ( )] /. ( ' )
ˆ ˆ'[ ( ' ) ( ' )]ˆ[ ' ]
ˆ'[ ( ' ) ( )]
v
v
v
LM Lag Q W J W bb T trace WW W W
Q W W J W W
Q W W J W
ε y
y y
A X X AA X y
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Hypothesis TestingExample
U. S. Productivity (munnell.3) ln(GSP) = + ln(Public) + 2ln(Private) + 3ln(Labor) +
4(Unemp) + (numbers in parentheses are p-values of the tests)
Moran-I LM-err LM-lagln(GSP) 8.88
(0.0)77.58(0.0)
77.58(0.0)
ln(Public) 7.76(0.0)
59.14(0.0)
59.14(0.0)
ln(Private) 9.92(0.0)
96.92(0.0)
96.92(0.0)
Unemp 10.19(0.0)
102.36(0.0)
102.36(0.0)
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Hypothesis TestingExample
U. S. Productivity (munnell.3) Pooled Model
Fixed Effects Model
Moran-I LM-err LM-lagRobust LM-err
RobustLM-lag Hetero.
11.85(0.0)
135.89(0.0)
0.1167(0.733)
138.79(0.0)
3.018(0.08)
19.18(0.0)
Moran-I LM-err LM-lagRobust LM-err
RobustLM-lag Hetero.
14.31(0.0)
199.45(0.0)
87.15(0.0)
118.02(0.0)
5.72(0.02)
179.31(0.0)
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Hypothesis TestingAnother Example
China Provincial Productivity (china.7) ln(Q) = + ln(L) + ln(K) +
(numbers in parentheses are p-values of the tests)
Moran-I LM-err LM-lagln(Q) 5.725
(0.0)31.47(0.0)
31.47(0.0)
ln(L) 5.396(0.0)
27.92(0.0)
27.92(0.0)
ln(K) 11.2(0.0)
122.07(0.0)
122.07(0.0)
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Hypothesis TestingAnother Example
China Provincial Productivity (china.7) Pooled Model
Fixed Effects Model
Moran-I LM-err LM-lagRobust LM-err
RobustLM-lag Hetero.
8.211(0.0)
64.094(0.0)
2.101(0.147)
67.21(0.0)
5.217(0.02)
5.546(0.06)
Moran-I LM-err LM-lagRobust LM-err
RobustLM-lag Hetero.
7.781(0.0)
58.44(0.0)
78.15(0.0)
4.302(0.038)
24.01(0.0)
0.017(0.992)
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References Anselin L., J. Le Gallo, and H. Jayet. 2008. Spatial Panel Econometrics. In
The Econometrics of Panel Data, Fundamentals and Recent Developments in Theory and Practice (3rd Edition), eds. L. Matyas and P. Sevestre, 627-662. Springer-Verlag.
Baltagi, B. H., S. H. Song, W. Koh, “Test Panel Data Regression Models with Spatial Error Correlation,” Journal of Econometrics 117, 2003: 123-150.
Baltagi, B. H., S. H. Song, B. C. Jung, W. Koh, “Test for Serial Correlation, Spatial Autocorrelation and Random Effects Using Panel Data,” Journal of Econometrics 140, 2007: 5-51.
Baltagi, B., Liu, L. (2008) Testing for Random Effects and Spatial Lag Dependence in Panel Data Models. Statistics and Probability Letters, 78, 3304-3306.
Lee, L. F., and J. Yu, “Some Recent Developments in Spatial Panel Data Models,” Regional Science and Urban Economics,