Spanish Conquest of the Islands

• The Philippines was not formally organized as a Spanish colony until 1565 when Philip II appointed Miguel Lopez de Legazpi the first Governor-General.

• Legazpi tried every effort to win the trustof the natives

•Jandulaman- a widowed niece of Tupas- first Cebuano convert- was later named Isabel in honor of Isabel Garces

• Rajah Tupas- was named Felipe in honor of Philip II

• Pinsuncan- Tupas’ son- was named Carlos

• 1569 Legazpi transferred to Panay due to meager food provisions in Cebu.

• 1570Legazpi sent his grandson, Juan de Salcedo to Mindoro to

punish the Moro pirates who plundered upon Panay’s villages.

• May 8, 1570Marshal Martin de Goiti and his men left Panay.

•May 19,1571Legazpi took possession of Maynilad in the name of King

Philip II of Spain.

• June 3, 1571Bambalito and his more than 2,000 fighters fought Marshal Goiti’s forces.

• June 24, 1571Legazpi proclaimed Manila as the capital of the Philippines

and call the city Nueva Castilla.

• Royal Decree of June 1, 1574

King Phillip II named Manila, Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad (Distiguished and Ever Loyal City)

• Royal Decree of March 20, 1596

King Philip II conferred a beautiful coat-of-arms on the city

•The colonial code titled Recopilacion de leyes de los reynos de las Indias (Compilation of Laws on Royal Lands in the Indies) popularly known as Leyes de Indies (Laws of the Indies) issued in 1680, was used by Spain to rule its extensive possessions.

• November 16, 1568King Philip II issued instructions to Legazpi to establish cities and

towns and create encomiendas to be distributed to deserving soldiers.

• The word encomienda comes from the Spanish word encomendar meaning “ to commend or to commit to one’s care”• Encomienda is a garnt of inhabitants living in a particular conquered territory which Spain gave to Spanish colonizer as a reward for his services.

Provincial Administrations

Alcaldia-mayor Corregimientos

Alcalde-mayor corregidores

Towns or pueblo gobernadorcillo

Villages or barangays

Cabezas de barangay

1. Audiencia Real or Royal AudienciaIt served as an advisory body to the Governor General and had

the power to check and report on his abuses. The Audiencia also audited the expenditures of the colonial government and sent a yearly report to Spain.

2. ResidenciaA judicial inritution headed by the incoming governor general to

conduct a trial of an outgoing governor general and other Spanish official for the purpose of punishing those guilty of corruption.

3. Visitador-general • The investigator sent by the King or an official dispatched by the Council

of Indies in Spain to check the behavior of the high officials in the colony.

4. Archbishop and ClergyWere appointed by the Pope upon the recommendation

of the King.

5. Subordinate public officials and Influential private citizens

• Polo or Forced LaborWas instituted in 1580 and was another form of pacifying the

natives.

• Polista or workerHe has to work 40 days a year in the labor pool.

• BandalaIn the first half of the 17th century, Governor Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera begins collecting the bandala from the natives. Bandala is an annual quota of products assigned to the natives for compulsory sale to the government.