Key TermsKey TermsUse the spaces below to define the key terms in your own words.Use the spaces below to define the key terms in your own words.

4.1Key Terms Textbook Definition Drawing / In my own wordsSpace Junk

Canadarm

CCHAPTERHAPTER 4– S 4– SOCIETYOCIETY ANDAND THETHE E ENVIRONMENTNVIRONMENT AREARE A AFFECTEDFFECTED BYBY S SPACEPACE E EXPLORATIONXPLORATION ANDAND THETHE D DEVELOPMENTEVELOPMENT OFOF S SPACEPACE T TECHNOLOGIESECHNOLOGIES

4.1– T4.1– THEHE R RISKSISKS ANDAND D DANGERSANGERS OFOF S SPACEPACE E EXPLORATIONXPLORATION

The Dangers of Manned Space Travel

There are many risks associated with space travel. There are floating debris, meteoroids, and harmful doses of cosmic radiation. Outside of Earth’s protective atmosphere, the effects of solar and cosmic radiation are magnified.

The occurrence of coronal mass ejections is monitored by NASA, so the astronauts are warned so that they can protect themselves inside their protective equipment.

Returning to Earth is also dangerous. The path for re-entry must be perfect. If the angle is too shallow, the craft can bounce off the atmosphere and back into space. If It is too steep of angle, the craft can move too quickly through the atmosphere and burn up.

Space Junk

Another legacy of human presence is space junk. This refers to all the pieces of debris that have fallen off rockets, satellites, space shuttles and space stations, and remain floating in space. They can include things as small as flecks of paint to bolts and even as large as dead satellites.

Hazards in Space

________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Hazards on Earth

________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Check and Reflect p. 459

1. Name four dangers faced by astronauts during space missions.

2. What happens to satellites that run out of power or just reach the limit of their usefulness?

3. What is meant by “space junk”? Provide examples in your answer

4. Why must a spacecraft’s angle or re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere be carefully calculated

5. For what reasons would NASA be concerned about something as small as a lens cap floating in space?

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6. Why do astronauts on the space shuttles and working in the International Space Station receive more exposure to solar radiation than people on Earth do?

7. Explain why NASA monitors coronal mass ejections.

4.2 Canadian Contributions to Space Exploration and Observation

Canada has had great involvement in the development of technology for space exploration. The most famous being the invention of the Canadian Arm.

Canada’s History of Space technology

Aurora borealis linked to sunspot activity (1839) Discovery of Pluto in 1930 Alouette 1 (1962) and Anik 1 (1972) satellites Apollo 11 landing gear Canada-France-Hawaii Observatory, Hawaii Canadarm (since 1981) and Canadarm 2 astronauts on space shuttle missions contributions to Mars Pathfinder and Sojourner Canadian Space Agency

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Check and Reflect p.463

1. When was Canada’s satellite Alouette 1 launched? What was unique about it?

2. What was Canada’s technological contribution to the shuttle program?

3. What is the common name for the Canadian-designed and built Remote Manipulator System on the International Space Station?

4. Name one of the unique qualities of the Remote Manipulator System

5. What Canadian technology contributed to the success of the Moon expedition in 1969?

6. What was the Canadian contribution to the Mars Pathfinder mission?

4.3 – Issues Related to Space Exploration

The Pros and Cons of Space Exploration

PROS CONS

Promotes new technology Discovery of new resources Increased scientific knowledge

Financially costly Pollution of space Ownership dispute

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The Potential Value of Space’s Resources

There are many resources in Space that could benefit us.

1. Resources such as minerals including gold, iron, platinum and solar energya. At present market value, a 200,000 tonne asteroid would yield more than $350 billion

worth of resources

2. Cost of space would be cheaper.a. If materials for the construction of space vehicles, supplies, and fuel can be found where

they are to be located in space, costs of space travel would greatly be reduced.

An example of this would be our Moon, there is n abundant supply of hydrogen and oxygen that can be processed from moon rock. The hydrogen could be used as fuel for lunar bases and space travel. The oxygen could be used for life support. If you combine these two, you will have a readily available supply of water.

Political, Ethical, and Environmental Issues

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Check and Reflect

1. Why might asteroids be of interest in space exploration?

2. What two elements can be processed from material on the Moon?

3. How could the elements processed from material on the Moon?

4. Name two concerns that some people have about exploiting resources in space

5. How do left-over materials in space pose a threat to people on the ground?

6. Explain a political concern that exists about space and its resources.

7. Describe an environmental concern about the exploration of space.

8. List three costs of space exploration, and three benefits

9. Give two reasons why resources should be extracted and processed in space. Give two reasons why they shouldn’t.

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Section Review

1. Describe three major hazards that astronauts could encounter on their journey from Earth to the International Space Station

2. Suggest one solution to the space junk problem

3. List two benefits of Canada collaborating with other countries in space exploration

4. How are the exploration of Antarctica and the exploration of space similar?

5. Besides space junk, give another negative effect of space exploration

6. Describe a way in which space exploration could benefit all people on Earth

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