Soybean Disease Management Update
Transcript of Soybean Disease Management Update
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On-farm trials – 2018Thanks to Jeremy Hebert and Boyd Padgett
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Effect of commercial fungicide application on aerial blight and yield –QoI–resistant location, 2016.
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Aerial blight
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MROS1601
R2 Application Timing
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Cercospora leaf blight – Acadia
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Pod and stem blight and seed quality – Acadia
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OSSB1801-F1
Fungicide Efficacy on CLB and PSB – Acadia 1
R4 and R5.5 application timing
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Seed Quality (0-5) 10/1
OSSB1801-F2
Fungicide Efficacy on CLB, PSB, and seed quality – Acadia 2
R4 and R5.5 application timing
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NONTREATED VS TREATED – 2017, Winnsboro, LA
Cercospora leaf blight trial – Winnsboro, LA – 2017
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Cercospora leaf blight trials – 2017
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Phytotoxicity (0-9) 8/21
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MRSB1813
Multiple programs – Winnsboro, LA – 2018
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DLSB1808
Multiple programs – Alexandria, LA – 2018
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DLSB1806
Promising Experimentals – Alexandria, LA – 2018
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Products that have somewhat consistent efficacy on CLB in the past few years
• Domark
• Miravis
• Priaxor
• Quadris Top SBX
• Topguard
• TrivaPro
• Possible reasons…• Genetic diversity in
pathogens• Ratio of pathogens in a given
area• Varying degrees of fungicide
resistance across areas• Differences in varietal
responses to disease and/or fungicide application
• Combinations of all of the above
NO GUARANTEES
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Official Variety Trials
www.lsuagcenter.com/topics/crops/soybeans/
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Variety Development
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St. James Parish, LA – 2018
NT
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Thanks to Al Orgeron and Boyd Padgett
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Target spot vs. CLB
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St. James
St. James – Fungicide efficacy on CLB and target spot
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Target spot trial – Winnsboro, LA – 2018
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Target spot trial – Winnsboro, LA – 2018
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Frogeye leaf spot
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Frogeye Leaf Spot – Fungicide Resistance
Strobilurin resistance confirmed in 36 parishes
Suspect that the majority (>90%) of the pathogen population is resistant
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Regional Frogeye leafspot trial – Alexandria 2016.
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DLSB1603
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Salt Tolerance Ratings – Winnsboro, LA
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MRRS OVT – 2016 – Seed Quality
Purple Stain % Damage
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Seed Treatment Fungicides• CDMS website: www.cdms.net
• Agrian website: www.agrian.com
• ~80 seed treatment or in-furrow fungicides labeled in soybean
• http://www.lsuagcenter.com/portals/communications/publications/management_guides
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Soybean Seed Treatment Advice
• Do your homework…figure out which fungicides are already on the seed…may vary with company.
• “Base” fungicides usually consist of metalaxyl/mefenoxam+broad spectrum QoI/DMI
• Base treatments are adequate in soybean• It is redundant to over-treat with the same MOA• Fungicides are not needed with optimum conditions• Even “Cadillac” treatments fail under worst case
scenarios• Seed supply is an issue this year…
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TAPROOT DECLINEFIRST REPORT – AR, AL, LA, & MS - 2017
AllenBluhmConnerDoylePriceSikoraSinghSpurlockTomaso-PetersonWilkerson
Plant Health Progress. 2017. 18:35-40
https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHP-01-17-0004-RS
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Phylogenetic Characterization
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Distribution of the pathogen• Taproot decline has been reported in
AR, AL, LA, MS, and TN
• MO? IL? IN? KY? GA? FL?
T. G. Garcia Aroca
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NoPhylogeographic
Structure
Low genetic diversity = “recent” introduction
Isolates of the TRD pathogen do not cluster genetically by region.
All closely related…
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What is Xylaria???
• Vague report of Xylaria on soybean seed, 1979
• Known saprophytes (wood rotters)
• Few pathogenic: X. mali (apple) and X. acuta (cherry)
• Some species are endophytes (friendly fungi)
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Symptoms
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Control Colletotrichum sp.
Xylaria sp.
Isolate 1 Isolate 2 Isolate 3
Non-pathogenic Pathogenic
Mycotoxins (presumably) produced by Xylaria (TRD) isolates reproduce the symptoms observed in the field.
Doyle and Garcia, LSU AgCenter
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Symptoms
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Taproot decline also is a seedling disease…
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Root Symptoms
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Make visual aid for planting
• Soybean monoculture
• Reduced tillage
• Debris accumulation
• Super accurate planting
YOU ARE AT RISK!!!
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Taproot decline can cause serious yield losses…
Dr. Terry Spurlock, University of Arkansas, 2018
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Aerial Imagery and Yield (MS)
Spurlock & Allen
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On-farm yield loss estimates
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On-farm yield loss estimates
R2=0.5720P=<0.0001
• Disease loss estimates available in March 2019 for all affected states.• In Louisiana, losses have ranged from 700K-3.5M bu annually since 2014.
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InoculatedCheck
Topsin-M0.28 mgai/seed
Maxim 0.16fl oz/cwt
Vibrance0.16 floz/cwt
AvictaComplete
6.2 floz/cwt
Apron XL0.64 floz/cwt
Ilevo0.25 mgai/cwt
CruiserMaxx2.95 floz/cwt
Quadris0.19 floz/cwt
% Xylaria-diseased Seed
P=0.01LAB STUDY, Dr. Terry Spurlock
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Mertect 0.32 fl oz/cwt
% Xylaria-diseased Seed
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P=0.01LAB STUDY, Dr. Terry Spurlock
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Variety Screeningwww.louisianacrops.com
% R
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In the middle
Resistant
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Resistant varieties (<24% root reduction)
Variety % Root Weight Reduction
OSAGE 8.391702
CZ 4818LL 18.879462
5N490R2 19.263012
S42RY77 20.944016
5N433R2 22.215409
5067 LL 22.559704
R07-6614RR 22.970824
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MR varieties (24-36% root reduction)Variety % Root Weight Reduction
Armor 55-R68 25.253945
RJS47016R 25.793535
CZ 5375RY 26.205598
HBKLL4953 27.339808
4880 RR 27.926596
P5752RY 28.094408
CZ 5225LL 28.605468
ARX4906 29.805397
Go Soy IREANE 30.762175
4995 RR 30.883269
AG 48X7 31.611326
P4788RY 32.46393
AG 46X6 34.502577
S47RY13 35.157094
5625 RR2 35.190462
S49XT07 35.483918
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Field Confirmation
Bad luck…
• Complicating factors (natural infection, herbicide damage, chloride toxicity, drought)
Good news…
• Inoculum works
• Height and Yield differences
• All varieties that showed significant height reduction in the field were SUSCEPTIBLE in greenhouse studies
• Varieties deemed RESISTANT in the greenhouse had no significant height reduction in the field
More work is needed…
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Year Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Treatment 4
2016 SB SB SB SB
2017 SB SB SB SB
2018 SB CN GS CT
2019 SB SB SB SB
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Southern RKN
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2018 soybean root-knot
nematode variety and
nematicide trials
Keo silt loam (58-40-2 =
% sand – silt – clay)
% Root system galled
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MG IV soybean cultivars (RR & Xtend) in southern RKNfield near Kerr (2018)
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Galled Root system (%) Yield (bu/A)
Pi = 60 and Pf = 369 J2/100 cm3
Susceptible Check
Dr. Travis Faske
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MG V soybean cultivars (RR and Xtend) in southern RKNfield near Kerr (2018)
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Pi = 40 and Pf = 395 J2/100 cm3
Susceptible Check
Overall, these
MG V yield
better in a RKN
field (+15 bu/A =
25% increase)
Dr. Travis Faske
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Liberty Link
MG IV
• Resistant
• Pioneer 45A29L
• MR
• Delta Grow 4977LL/STS
• Dyna Gro S49LS65
MG V
• MR
• Pioneer P52A43L
• Terral REV 54L18
Dr. Travis Faske
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Soybean Varity Response to RKN is on the www.arkansascrops.com website
Dr. Travis Faske
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Thank YOU for Supporting Us!
Louisiana Soybean and Grains Research and Promotion Board
ProducersAgentsConsultantsIndustry
Trey [email protected]@ppp_trey
Boyd PadgettBrenda TubanaBrian WardDan FrommeDaniel StephensonDarrell Franks and CrewDonnie MillerJohn RocconiJosh CopesMyra PurvisRick MascagniScott Washam and CrewSebe BrownSteve HarrisonTeddy GarciaVinson DoyleWarren Ratcliff and Crew
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Rotation with a non-host crop
Southern root-knot nematode
(Meloidogyne incognita)
Reniform nematode
(Rotylenchulus reniformis)
XXXX
X X
Soybean cyst nematode
(Heterodera glycines) X
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Soil- and seed-applied nematicides registered for use in soybean
Soybean
Nematicides
Fumigants Injected, preplant
TeloneII,Vapam, and
K-Pam
Non-fumigantsSeed-applied, at
planting
Avicta, ILeVO, NemaStrike,
VOTiVO, BioST, Aveo
EZ,, Clariva pn
Trade Name Active Ingredient Mode of Action Signal
Word
Avicta Abamectin Inhibit nerve transmission Danger
ILeVO Fluopyram SDHI enzyme inhibitor Caution
NemaStrike ST Tioxazafen Mitochondrial translation
inhibitor
Caution
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Soil- and seed-applied nematicides registered for use in soybean
Soybean
Nematicides
Fumigants Injected, preplant
TeloneII,Vapam, and
K-Pam
Non-fumigantsSeed-applied, at
planting
Avicta, ILeVO, NemaStrike,
VOTiVO, BioST, Aveo
EZ,, Clariva pn
Trade Name Active Ingredient Mode of Action Signal
Word
Avicta Abamectin Inhibit nerve transmission Danger
ILeVO Fluopyram SDHI enzyme inhibitor Caution
NemaStrike ST Tioxazafen Mitochondrial translation
inhibitor
Caution
VOTiVO Bacillus firmus I-1582 Repels nema and affects
motility
Caution
BioST Nematicide
100
Burkholderia rinojensis
A496
?? Caution
AVEO EZ
Nematicide
B. amyloliquefaciens
PTA-4838
?? Caution
Clariva pn Pasteuria nischizawae Parasite to SCN only Caution
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2018 seed-applied nematicides trial (Kerr field)
36.8
34.1
40.0
34.5
38.8 39.7
32.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45 Percent Root System Galled Yield (bu/A)
Galling P > F= 0.54
Yield P > F = 0.03
Delta Grow DG 4970
Planted May 29, 2018
ab ab b ab ab a b
Different letters on bars indicant a significant difference at α = 0.10 according to Tukey’s HSD test
Pi = 32 and Pf = 308 J2/100 cm3 soil
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2018 seed-applied nematicide trial (Kerr field)
27.3
30.5
26.9
35.7
30.131 31.1
28.7
19.918.7
19.921.2
23.224.7
26.1
23.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40 % root galling Yield (bu/A)
ab a ab abc bc c c abc
• Galling (P = 0.72)
– AG42x6 = 30.4%
– AG51x6 = 30.0%
• Yield (P = 0.68)
– AG42x6 = 21.8 bu/A
– AG51x8 = 22.4 bu/A
Different letters on bars indicant a significant difference at α = 0.10 according to Fishers LSD
Galling P > F= 0.11
Yield P > F = 0.085 Pi = 221 and Pf = 368 J2/100 cm3 soil
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Potential reproduction of M. incognita
on seven cover crops
4.8 5.4
14.9 15.1
50.9
61.1
75.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Black-hulled
Oats
Bayou Kale Cereal Rye Crimson
Clover
Turnip Austrian
Winter Pea
Barley
Rep
rod
uct
ion f
acto
r (P
f/P
i)
Each pot was inoculated with 6,000 eggs
Small seeded dicots planted earlier for similar root size
Harvested 60 days after inoculation
a a ab ab bc c c
Letters on bars indicate a significant difference at α = 0.05 according to Tukey’s HSD