Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018 · Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of...
Transcript of Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018 · Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of...
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 1
Exploring the “Public” in Public Leadership 1. Exploring the meaning of “public” and the “public good.”
2. Understanding “public leadership” as a normative enterprise.
3. Choices we face in seeking the public good and conflicts that arise in making these choices.
4. How public leaders can “solve” public problems and make “good” public decisions.
5. Implications for those who would lead on behalf of the public good and for the future of our republic.
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 2
A god, deity, religious leader ~ a theocracy
The people ~ a democracy
A king, queen, or dictator ~ a monarchy
A group or elite ~
an oligarchy
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 3
Tax incentives for film industry
• First, what is the “good” we seek?
• Second, howshould we seek that “good?”
Liberty
Equality
Community Prosperity
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 4
Liberty ~ “I”, the Individual “Smart phone” technology raises new questions about a citizen’s
right to privacy
Should police be allowed to
search a driver’s cell phone at the scene of an accident?
Governor emphasizes “personal responsibility” in preparing for
disasters, urging every individual to have a week's worth of food and
purified water on hand
Most states seek to provide consumer choice in health services
Nearly 1,500 bills introduced in state legislatures since 2016 both
loosening and tightening gun restrictions
Longer life expectancy gives rise to questions about whether individuals should be allowed to end their lives…
…and whether
physicians should be allowed to
assist
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 5
We value liberty when…FreedomChoiceOpportunityIndependenceMobilityIndividualityPersonal responsibilitySelf-sufficiencySelf-determinationSelf-help
Equality“Groups, Us and Them”
All but 5 states have equal pay laws
Education Trust reports that state public flagship universities are
becoming whiter and richer than residents of states they serve
Legislative study committee recommends internet sales tax to help level playing field for brick
and mortar merchants
Historical statues raise questions about equal treatment across the nation
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
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Arrest booking fees headed to U.S. Supreme Court
We value equality when…FairnessJusticeToleranceInclusionDiversityEqual rightsEqual treatmentEqual opportunityRepresentationLevel playing field
Community ~ “We”Common Good
All 50 states have some form of ignition interlock law for convicted drunk drivers
Drug overdose deaths for ages 12-25 have increased in all 50 states in the past decade,
doubling in 35 and quadrupling in 5
Several states attribute rise in number of children in foster care
to opiate abuse and addiction
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 7
Legislator proposes parent and teacher spanking bill to restore parental rights and discipline
Legislators want their daily prayer ceremony to acknowledge and
celebrate more than one religion
Demographic shifts have helped Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu and Sikh communities take root in the state’s
growing non-Christian population
We value community when…SafetySecurityConnectionBelongingSense of placeSocial/moral orderQuality of lifeThe sacredSocial responsibilityCollective action
Prosperity ~ “Market”
State consolidates three agencies to improve service delivery and
save money
Some states explore public-private partnerships for child welfare systems
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 8
20 states have adopted or are considering adopting evidence-based sentencing, in which courts use data-driven predictions of future crime risk to shape sentencing
Tax credits and incentives
State education commission, citing statistics showing no benefit in student
performance from teachers holding advanced degrees, recommends ending
pay raises for new teachers who get them
We value prosperity when…GrowthDevelopmentEconomyEfficiencyProductivityCommercializationPrivatizationReturn on investmentQuantity of lifeMarket rules
Liberty Freedom, choice, independence, access, autonomy, mobility, openness,
transparency, discretion, individual rights, exceptions, exemptions, waivers, voluntary, opportunity, individuality, privacy, due process, accountability,
participation, personal responsibility, self-determination, self-sufficiency, self-help, self-governing, self-rule
EqualityFairness, justice, tolerance, acceptance, diversity, difference, equity, parity, comparable, equivalent, inclusion, impartial, representation, grandfathering,
compensation, redistribution, equal rights, equal opportunity, equal access, equal treatment, equal results, level playing field
Community Safety, security, sense of place, belonging, identity,
connection, attractive, appealing, welcoming,
tradition, customs, culture, history, law, religion, the
sacred, social responsibility, collective
action, peace, health, preservation, conservation,
restoration, social and moral order, quality of life
Prosperity Economy, efficiency, growth, profit, productivity, return on
investment, development, incentives, competition,
consolidation, centralization, privatization,
commercialization, standardization, specialization,
performance measurement, benchmarking, market rules, maximization, quantity of life,
standard of living
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Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 9
1. "This is a job-creating piece of legislation that will help at least 26 companies form and go into business and into the marketplace, thereby creating many more jobs within our state.”
2. Remain competitive in a competitive industry.3. Breweries and distilleries will no longer be required to offer paid tours
with limited samples of their products, which is often described as a “shell game.”
4. Create a better experience for distillery guests ~ allow them to sample whichever spirits they like.
5. Levels the playing field between breweries & distilleries and wholesalers & retailers and between our state and other states.
6. Create better beer and food destinations and reputations.7. The state does not do enough to address alcohol’s negative impacts
on families and opposition to the bill is not about being against alcohol, per se, but being against what alcohol is doing to families.
8. Breweries will be able to serve food.9. Current 3-tiered system was designed and adopted to prevent
monopoly and promote competition.10. Current 3-tiered system creates a barrier to entry for microbreweries
because their production levels are often not high enough to satisfy the needs of a distributer.
LIBERTY ~ Allow guests them to sample whichever spirits they like (4); no longer required to offer paid tours with limited samples of their products
(shell game) (3); 3-tiered system designed to prevent monopoly (9); 3-tiered system creates barrier to entry for microbreweries (10)
COMMUNITY ~ Create a better experience for distillery guests (4);
create better beer and food destinations and reputations (6);
state does not do enough to address alcohol’s negative impacts on
families and opposition to the bill is not about being against alcohol, per se, but being against what alcohol is doing to families (7); breweries will
be able to serve food (8)
PROSPERITY ~ A job-creating piece of legislation that will help at least 26 companies
form and go into business and into the marketplace, thereby creating many more jobs in
our state (1); remain competitive in a competitive industry (2); 3-tiered system
designed to promote competition (9)
EQUALITY ~ Level the playing field between breweries/distilleries and wholesalers and retailers and between our state and other states (5); 3-
tiered system creates a barrier to entry for microbreweries because their production levels are often not high enough to satisfy needs of
distributers (10)
These values reflect our unique history and heritage
Citizens who favor liberty tend to support limited government,
private solutions over public ones, and want
public officials to protect people from
government
Americans for Prosperity, American Civil Liberties Union, Eagle Forum, Open Carry, First Amendment
Foundation, Alliance for School Choice, Public Policy Foundation, Consumer Watch, Center for
Policy Research, Liberty Alliance
Citizens who favor equality support an active role for government, want everyone to benefit from
public spending and services, and want public
officials to use government to help people
Fairness for Prisoners’ Families, Budget and Policy Institute, Innocence Project, Empowerment for All,
Justice Project, Green Party, Legal Services Program, Peace and Justice Coalition, Women of
Achievement, Progressive Network
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Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 10
Citizens who favor community want
government to promote public interest over private,
preserve rather than develop, and want public
officials to protect the common good
Citizens for Alternatives to the Death Penalty, Concerned Women for America, Nature
Conservancy, Council on Moral and Civic Concerns, Family Council, Forestry Association, Trust for Historic Preservation, Community Partnership
Center, Adoptive and Foster Parent Association
Citizens who favor prosperity want government to support
private interests, let the market decide public issues, reduce public spending, and want public officials to support
business and economic growth
Chamber of Commerce, Farm Bureau Federation, Center for Economic Education, Citizens for a Sound Economy, Federation of Independent
Business, Manufacturing and Industry Association, Partnership for Excellence in
Education, Center for Performance Excellence, Viable Jobs Coalition, Technology Development
Corporation
Public Problems
Public Choices
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
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Flexible schedulingIndividualized instructionDevelop individual student interests Plan for different learning stylesNo dress codeNo busingVouchersIndividualized learning/instructionAlternatives ~ charter, magnet, cyberPublic support for vouchers and other private options
Open choice within public schoolsParental choice and responsibilityLocal governance and controlLet families control how their education dollars are spentBreak away from “entrenched education bureaucracies”More course and program choicesAllow students to find themselves academically
Same courses, same standardsFair student evaluationsFair disciplineAll students obtain HS diplomaAll sports availableSchool uniformsDo not allow school choiceSign language as foreign languageFunding to make all schools equal, especially for disadvantaged students
Every child gets the same educationReverse re-segregation, close achievement gapsLearning environments free of race, gender, class, ethnic and cultural biasesAlternative, special, bi-lingual educationFree/reduced breakfast/lunch programsTeach all history and cultures
Problem solving and resolving conflictMutual respect, toleranceHealth services, nutrition, nursesSmaller classes, lower teacher ratiosNeighborhood schools, quality not costAdult mentors, partnerships with parents and communityFewer dropouts, all students successfulReduce heavy book bags, provide bigger lockers, more time between classes
Safe, clean, secure, comfortable, healthy, welcoming schoolsMeet social/emotional needs of students Art, music, civics, character education, service learningAvoid becoming places of competition, ranking, social sortingBuild mutual support within the family, classroom, school, and communityReduce suspensions and expulsionsRaise children, don’t just teach themSave recess!
Career preparation, work training, school-business partnerships, apprenticeships, summer work, cooperative and vocational educationEducate for 3 R’s, curriculum relevant to businessFocus on computers, science, work ethic, classroom technology/networksExtend school day and yearRemove discipline problemsBalancing checkbooks, job applications, managing moneyTeacher signing bonuses, incentivesMake schools tax-deductible
Create a competitive environmentGrading, testing, standards, rankings, certification, data-driven decision makingCommercialization and advertisingContractingPerformance payPrivatize schools, maximize use of facilities, cost-effective construction, operate public school systems like a businessGraduate students with skills for success in the global economyProvide students with a competitive edge!
Community Attractive and appealing; increase
health by reducing fossil fuel consumption, air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions; encourage good land use planning; preserve open space; strengthen feeling of
belonging and connection
Prosperity Reduce travel time; cost of building new roads by increasing capacity;
positive economic return for transit users and providers; reduce need
for and cost of infrastructure; encourage economic development
Liberty Offer choices; system people want to use; improve access to employment
and other opportunities; increase individual freedom by increasing capacity of existing roads; reduce
dependence on foreign oil
Equality Serve ‘need’ riders and ‘choice’ riders;
be affordable and accessible to everyone; increase access to jobs, services, leisure, and education for
everyone
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 12
“We don’t need the state mandating every little thing in our lives. Let parents be parents.” ~ provider
State study also found that 5-year olds with dental disease were
more likely to be poor and minority
Study commissioned by the state found one in four kindergartners had dental disease ~
can have negative long-term impacts on a child’s health and
quality of life
“When you teach children oral health at a young age, they'll be able to maintain good
dental hygiene for life.” ~ legislator
“I don’t want someone’s hand in my child’s mouth.” ~ parent
“We’re supposed to have rest time, but now we have to eat
a little earlier so there’s enough time for the children to brush their teeth.”
~ caregiver
“This is also a personal freedom issue…do we need government to
regulate everything we do?”
Studies show fewer deaths and injuries
Studies show lower medical and insurance costs
Chair, House Select Committee on Motorcycle Helmet Laws
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 13
Liberty
Community Prosperity
Don’t require helmets
Require helmets
Liberty
Community Prosperity
Some riders,
some of the time
No riders, none of the time
All riders, all of the time
• Value problems require us to make normative choices: Moral Ethical Political
• We base our choices on not just what we know (facts), but also on what we believe (values)
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 14
1. What arguments do you see and hear?
2. What values do these arguments represent?
How might we achieve the
good we seek without
harming the good we
already have? Implications for Public Leaders and for Our Republic
The art and science of identifying the
good we seek and crafting solutions
to achieve the greatest good
possible with the least amount of
harm
Public decisions involve choices among competing good thingsGood decisions are politically acceptable and technically feasibleMaking such decisions requires both elected citizens and appointed professionals
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
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• The value(s) someone wants to promote
• The value(s) someone else wants to protect
Southern Legislative Conference ~ CALS 2018
Dr. Phillip Boyle, Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia 16
Be willing to lead with nobody in chargeWork with citizens, staff, stakeholders, and each other to craft decisions that achieve the greatest good possible with the least amount of harmBuild sufficient consensus around these decisions to preserve our democratic republic, without which these choices would not exist
Create a nation – individuals capable of self-governing and exercising freedom responsibly
Create a society – justice, fairness, equality
Create a community –
cultural, moral, and
social order
Create an economy –
individual self-sufficiency and general welfare
They institutionalized
them in our republic, our res
publica, our “public thing”