SOUTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA TIMELINETIMELINE

By: Arjun M.By: Arjun M.

77thth Period Period

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<http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1132724.stm><http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1132724.stm>► ““Korea AD 668-935 Unified Silla.” Korea AD 668-935 Unified Silla.” World Timelines.World Timelines. The British Museum: 2005 The British Museum: 2005

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Silla UnifiesSilla Unifies

► In the year 676, the In the year 676, the Silla Kingdom fought Silla Kingdom fought off Chinese troops off Chinese troops out of the Korean out of the Korean Peninsula. In doing Peninsula. In doing so, the Silla unified a so, the Silla unified a majority of the three majority of the three Korean Kingdoms. Korean Kingdoms. These kingdoms These kingdoms were Silla, were Silla, Goguryeo, and Goguryeo, and Baekje.Baekje.

Three Kingdoms UnifiedThree Kingdoms Unified

► Wang Ye, the crowned Wang Ye, the crowned king of Goryeo, formally king of Goryeo, formally unified the three unified the three kingdoms. This was the kingdoms. This was the first time they were first time they were unified since the reign of unified since the reign of Gojoseon, and would Gojoseon, and would remain together until remain together until 1948. This was more 1948. This was more significant that even the significant that even the Silla Unification, because Silla Unification, because they had not secured all they had not secured all three kingdoms. three kingdoms.

► An illustration of the An illustration of the Goryeo Dynasty Goryeo Dynasty

Joseon Dynasty BeginsJoseon Dynasty Begins

► In 1392, the general Yi In 1392, the general Yi Seong-gye established the Seong-gye established the Joseon Dynasty. This Joseon Dynasty. This dynasty is believed to be dynasty is believed to be the longest ruling dynasty in the longest ruling dynasty in East Asia, as it lasted till East Asia, as it lasted till 1910. Seong-gye took 1910. Seong-gye took power from the Goryeo power from the Goryeo dynasty in mostly peaceful dynasty in mostly peaceful coup, and moved the capital coup, and moved the capital to Hanseong. The current to Hanseong. The current day Hanseong is now known day Hanseong is now known as Seoul. as Seoul.

► SeoulSeoul

Hideyoshi InvasionHideyoshi Invasion

► In 1592, Hideyoshi took In 1592, Hideyoshi took troops to try and invade troops to try and invade Korea. He believed Korea. He believed Korea was Japan’s Korea was Japan’s corridor to conquest corridor to conquest China and India. This China and India. This attempt was a huge attempt was a huge failure, as they were failure, as they were unsuccessful in there unsuccessful in there attempt to raid Korea, attempt to raid Korea, and they were forced and they were forced back. They never got back. They never got past the Yalu River.past the Yalu River.

Korean IndependenceKorean Independence

► In 1895, China recognized In 1895, China recognized full Korean independence full Korean independence in the aftermath of the in the aftermath of the China Japan War. The China Japan War. The independence was independence was formally recognized in the formally recognized in the Treaty of Treaty of Shimonoseki. Both Shimonoseki. Both countries had to countries had to recognize the official recognize the official boundaries of Korean boundaries of Korean territory and respect territory and respect them. them.

► Signing of treaty Signing of treaty

Korean EmpireKorean Empire

► In 1897, King Gojong In 1897, King Gojong returned to Gyeongun returned to Gyeongun Palace from his refuge Palace from his refuge at the Russian at the Russian consulate. He then consulate. He then declared this new entity declared this new entity as the Korean Empire. as the Korean Empire. This oversaw the This oversaw the modernization of the modernization of the military, economy, real military, economy, real property laws, education property laws, education system, and various system, and various industries as well. industries as well.

► Emperor Gojong Emperor Gojong

Japan AnnexationJapan Annexation► Japanese domination Japanese domination

originally began in 1905 with originally began in 1905 with the Protectorate treaty, but it the Protectorate treaty, but it took official rule over Korea took official rule over Korea in 1910. The Japan-Kore in 1910. The Japan-Kore Annexation treaty was Annexation treaty was signed by signed by Lee signed by signed by Lee Wan-Yong, Prime Minister of Wan-Yong, Prime Minister of Korea, and Terauchi Korea, and Terauchi Masatake, who became the Masatake, who became the first Japanese Governor-first Japanese Governor-General of Korea. Article 1 General of Korea. Article 1 read: “His Majesty the read: “His Majesty the Emperor of Korea concedes Emperor of Korea concedes completely and definitely his completely and definitely his entire sovereignty over the entire sovereignty over the whole Korean territory to His whole Korean territory to His Majesty the Emperor of Majesty the Emperor of Japan.”Japan.”

Korean Peninsula DividedKorean Peninsula Divided

► When the Japanese When the Japanese surrender in 1945, Korea surrender in 1945, Korea is then divided by the is then divided by the Soviet Union and Soviet Union and America. Korea north of America. Korea north of the 38the 38thth parrallel was parrallel was occupied by the Soviet occupied by the Soviet Union, and the U.S. Union, and the U.S. occupied south of it. The occupied south of it. The split caused much turmoil split caused much turmoil between Koreans, and between Koreans, and individual governments individual governments were established for each were established for each piece of Korea. piece of Korea.

Republic Of KoreaRepublic Of Korea► In 1948, The Republic of In 1948, The Republic of

Korea was proclaimed, Korea was proclaimed, which is now called which is now called South Korea. The first South Korea. The first general elections were general elections were held, and Syngman held, and Syngman Rhee is elected as the Rhee is elected as the first president. The U.S. first president. The U.S. withdrew its presence in withdrew its presence in the region as well. A the region as well. A year earlier, the year earlier, the Democratic People’s Democratic People’s Republic of Korea had Republic of Korea had been established in the been established in the North, the Soviet owned North, the Soviet owned part.part.

South Korea InvadedSouth Korea Invaded► In 1950, North Korea invaded In 1950, North Korea invaded

South Korea. The UN South Korea. The UN responded when President responded when President Truman sent U.S. troops, and Truman sent U.S. troops, and Douglas MacArthur was Douglas MacArthur was named commander of UN named commander of UN forces in Korea. This was the forces in Korea. This was the start of the Korean War, and start of the Korean War, and North Korea had the support North Korea had the support of China. The North had of China. The North had invaded most of the South by invaded most of the South by September 1950, and the September 1950, and the boundaries on the 38boundaries on the 38thth parrellel would not be re-parrellel would not be re-established till 3 years later. established till 3 years later.

► Cartoon: Truman and the UN Cartoon: Truman and the UN rushing to Korea’s aid rushing to Korea’s aid

Chung-Hee takes powerChung-Hee takes power► In 2960, Rhee steps down In 2960, Rhee steps down

after being accused of after being accused of electoral fraud. One year electoral fraud. One year later in 1961, Park Chung-later in 1961, Park Chung-Hee takes power through a Hee takes power through a military coup. He overthrew military coup. He overthrew Premier John M. Chang. Premier John M. Chang. Chung-Hee’s coup was Chung-Hee’s coup was mostly favored among the mostly favored among the population due to the population due to the political turmoil for the past political turmoil for the past year. After taking power, he year. After taking power, he established the KCIA (Korean established the KCIA (Korean Central Intellegence Agency) Central Intellegence Agency) to prevent a counter-coup.to prevent a counter-coup.

► Chung-Hee is the left-most Chung-Hee is the left-most

Chung-Hee AssassinatedChung-Hee Assassinated► In 1979, Chung-Hee was In 1979, Chung-Hee was

assassinated in his assassinated in his secret house by Kim Jae-secret house by Kim Jae-Kyu. Kim Jae-Kyu was Kyu. Kim Jae-Kyu was the head of the KCIA the head of the KCIA and a long-time friend of and a long-time friend of Chung-Hee. Jae-Kyu Chung-Hee. Jae-Kyu killed Chung-Hee killed Chung-Hee because Chung-Hee because Chung-Hee blamed him for not blamed him for not completely suppressing completely suppressing the riots and protests in the riots and protests in the Cholla region. After the Cholla region. After this, Chun Doo-Hwan this, Chun Doo-Hwan took power. took power.

► Doo-Hwan Doo-Hwan

Direct ElectionDirect Election

► In 1987, the South In 1987, the South Korean constitution is Korean constitution is changed to allow direct changed to allow direct election of the president. election of the president. General Roh Tae Woo is General Roh Tae Woo is responsible for responsible for implementing this implementing this reform. After this, South reform. After this, South Korea sees a shift to Korea sees a shift to democracy. This allows democracy. This allows Roh Moo-Hyun to be Roh Moo-Hyun to be elected.elected.

► Roh Moo-Hyun Roh Moo-Hyun

Joining the UNJoining the UN

► In 1991, both North and In 1991, both North and South Korea joined the South Korea joined the UN. In South Korea, UN. In South Korea, largescale anti-largescale anti-government protests government protests were being forcibly were being forcibly suppressed during this suppressed during this time. Since it has time. Since it has joined, it has been joined, it has been active in most UN active in most UN specialized agencies.specialized agencies.

► South Korea at the UN South Korea at the UN meeting.meeting.

North and South RelationsNorth and South Relations► In 2000, South Korean In 2000, South Korean

leader Dae-Jung and North leader Dae-Jung and North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il Korean leader Kim Jong-Il met in a reconciliatory met in a reconciliatory manner at a summit. The manner at a summit. The North agreed to stop its anti-North agreed to stop its anti-South propaganda. South South propaganda. South Korea gave amnesty to over Korea gave amnesty to over 3500 prisoners who returned 3500 prisoners who returned to North Korea. Additionally, to North Korea. Additionally, South Korean leader Dae-South Korean leader Dae-Jung received the Nobel Jung received the Nobel Peace Prize. Since this Peace Prize. Since this event, however, North and event, however, North and South Korea have a resumed South Korea have a resumed a rather hostile relationship.a rather hostile relationship.