SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURENEWAI

SUBMITTED TO:-Ar.NOOPUR B

SUBMITTED BY:-NARENDRA G.MATHUR 2014BAR018

NADIM AKHTAR 2014BAR017

PRESENTATION ON

SOUTH HINDU KINGDOM

B.ARCH IVTH SEM

SOUTH HINDU KINGDOM :- PALLAVA

:- CHOLA :- PANDYA

In SOUTHERN part of India , DRAVIDIANS establish their kingdom.They follow Hinduism, a POLYTHEISTIC

religion.It consists primarily of temples WITH PYRAMID SHAPED TOWERS and are

constructed of sandstone, soapstone or granite.The most dominant kingdom of SOUTH HINDU KINGDOM are:-

1:-PALLAVA(600-900 AD)2:-CHOLA(700-1150 AD)

3:-PANDYA(1100-1350 AD) 4:-VIJAYANAGAR(1350-1565 AD)

5:-MADURA(1565-1600 AD)

PALLAVA DYNASTY(600-900)ADTHE PALLAVAS ruled from AD (600–900) and their greatest

constructed accomplishments are the SINGLE ROCK TEMPLES in MAHABALIPURAM and their capital KANCHIPURAM, now

located in TAMIL NADUThe temple architecture of the Pallava’s is divided

into two groups: - ROCK-CUT ( 1ST PHASE) (610-690 AD) STRUCTURAL (2ND PHASE)(690-900 AD)

ROCK-CUT TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE(1ST PHASE )

We come across RATHAS & MANTAPAS.

In general “RATHA”is known as chariot used for carrying the image of the diety during religious procession.

But in PALLAVA style it commonly refer to a monolithic shrine which contains all the essential features of a temple including domed storey to shikhara.

There are series of 7 monolithic temples or

Ratha’s chiseled out of big rocks and are known as “SEVEN PAGODAS” at MAMALLAPURAM OR

MAHABALIPURAM.

FIVE RATHASKnown as “PANCH PANDAV RATHAS”

After the 5 sons of PANDU,KING OF HASTINAPUR.These are:- 1. Dharmaraja 2.Bhima 3.Arjuna 4.Nakul 5.Sahdev

There is also the Draupadi’s Ratha ,named after the common wife of five pandava brothers.

DRAUPADI’S RATHSmallest & well finished.It is entirely rock cut and stands on a square plinth of 3.5m.

3.5m

It has vaulted roof.

In the Ratha the image of DRAUPADI is enshrined as a goddess of LAKSHMI

ARJUNA’S RATHL=B=3.5M

3.5M

H=6.6M

6.6M

Its VIMANA is built in 4 tiers

containing little heads set in the

horse shoe shaped arches.

BHIMA’S RATHStands on rectangular

plinth,13mX7.6m

13m 7.6m

8m

Pillared gallery

Capitals “kumbha” shaped while at base

are lion shaped.

DHARMARAJA’S RATHAPLAN 8Mx9M

VIMANA RISES TO A HEIGHT OF 12M IN 4

STOREYS.

12MTALLEST OF ALL THE RATHAS

Sculptures like Harihara

(vishnu / shiva

NAKULA SAHADEVA RATHA

PLINTH MEASURE 5.5Mx3.35M.

3.35M

5.5M

HEIGHT 5M

It is in curved shape. Appears like backside of Elephant. Large Elephant is next to Ratha . It is believed that temple may be diedicated to Lord Indra.

STRUCTURAL TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE2ND PHASE

WE come across wholly STRUCTUAL temples.EXAMPLE :-

SHORE TEMPLE ,MAHABALIPURAM

SHORE TEMPLE Why it is known as shore temple?

Ans:- As it stands on the extreme fore shore of the ancient port on COROMANDEL COAST.

The temple with two pyramidal towers over two shrine.One on east dedicated to SHIVA and other on west to VISHNU.

Entrance is from west side.The larger vimana over the shrine is about 20m with umbrella shaped kalasa

and its summit.Material used:- hard blackish leptinite

ISOMETRIC VIEW ELEVATION PLAN

PLAN /TOP VIEW OF VIMANA

FACTS

Dharmaraja RathShore temple

VIMANA

20m12m

CHOLA DYNASTY(700-1150 AD)

MAP OF THE CHOLA EMPIREThe Cholas ruled large parts of Southern India including Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and parts of Karnataka from the 9th to 13th

Raja raja Chola (985-1014 AD)

Aditya-I (907 to 955 AD)

Rajendra I (1012 1044 AD) 

Vira Rajendra (1064 - 1070 AD)

Vikrama Chola (1120 - 1135 AD)

Rajendra-II 1073 to 1118 AD

Timeline of the important kings of Dynasty

History of Tamil Nadu

Brihadeswarar Temple AT TANJAVURBuilt by emperor Raja Raja

Chola I and completed in 1010 AD .

Vimana height is 216 feet (66m) and it is one among the

tallest towers in the world.

PLAN OF BRIHADESWARA TEMPLE55M

25M

PANDYA DYNASTY (1000-1250 AD) Pandya comes after chola

stlye from 1000-1250 AD Plan- usually rectangular but

emphasize were on the gateways; GOPURAM;

GOPURAM plan- rectangular in shape;

Ground floor-- vertical built in stone.

First floor– vertical built in stone.

Above floors– pyramidal built in bricks (inclination of 25

degrees). Pinnacles called shikharas are

always used in odd numbers. Niches-- with heavily carved

HINDU Mythologies sculptures.

12-tiered tower structure dedicated to the Lord of Srivilliputtur, known as

Vatapatrasayee. Tower of this temple rises

192 feet (59 m) high . Pandyas include the famous Meenakshi temple

in Madurai.

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