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South Asia Water Initiative Annual Report FY14

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1 July 2013 – 30 June 2014

South Asia Water Initiative

Annual Report from the World Bank to Trust Fund Donors

July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014

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South Asia Water InitiativeSouth Asia Water Initiative

Cover photographs: World Bank, Arijit Banerjee, Genevieve Connors

South Asia Water InitiativeSouth Asia Water Initiative Annual Report FY14

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Annual Report from the World Bank to Trust Fund Donors

July 1, 2013 – June 30, 2014


ACRONYMS

ADD Abu Dhabi Dialogue

ADD-KF ADD Knowledge Forum

BIB Bhutan-India-Bangladesh

CCSA Cross-Cutting Solution Area

CoP Community of Practice

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board (India)

CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

ENRM Environment and Natural Resource Management

EOFY End of Fiscal Year

FY14 Fiscal Year 14 (1 July 2013 – 30 June 2014)

GIS Geographic Information System

GKC Ganga Knowledge Center (India)

GMRC Glacier Monitoring Research Center

GP Global Practice

HEP Hydro Electric Power

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development

IIT Indian Institute of Technology

IWRM Integrated Water Resource Management

JEC Afghanistan-Pakistan Joint Economic Commission

KBHCD Kunar Basin Hydropower Cascade Development

MDTF Multi Donor Trust Fund

NIB Nepal-India-Bangladesh

SAWI South Asia Water Initiative

SBA Strategic Basin Assessment

SGP Small Grants Program

SURR Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience

TAP Technical Assessment Panel

WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority


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FOREWORD .......................................................................................................................................... vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................1SAWI Phase 2 ......................................................................................................................................1SAWI Phase 1 ......................................................................................................................................2

OPERATING CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................3

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT ......................................................................................................................6

SUMMARY OF PROGRESS .......................................................................................................................7

INDUS BASIN ..........................................................................................................................................9Objective ............................................................................................................................................9Overview of Progress ...........................................................................................................................9

GANGES BASIN ....................................................................................................................................13Objective ..........................................................................................................................................13Overview of Progress .........................................................................................................................13

BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN ...........................................................................................................................16Objective ..........................................................................................................................................16Overview of Progress .........................................................................................................................16

SUNDARBANS LANDSCAPE ...................................................................................................................19Objective ..........................................................................................................................................19Overview of Progress .........................................................................................................................19

REGIONAL CROSS-CUTTING ................................................................................................................22Objective ..........................................................................................................................................22Overview of Progress .........................................................................................................................22

SAWI PHASE 1.......................................................................................................................................26Progress on Remaining SAWI Phase 1 Activities ...................................................................................26Small Grants Program .......................................................................................................................27

FINANCIAL REPORT ..............................................................................................................................28

Annex 1: SAWI Phase 2: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report ...............................................................30

Annex 2: SAWI Phase 1 MDTF: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report ......................................................33

Annex 3: South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) Results Framework 2014-17 ..................................................35Definitions .........................................................................................................................................35 Outcome and Result Indicators ...........................................................................................................36Program and Focus Area Indicator Targets ..........................................................................................37

Annex 4: SAWI Publications ....................................................................................................................43Books and Reports .............................................................................................................................43Infographics and Documentaries ........................................................................................................44

Table of Contents


VII

The vast majority of South Asia’s water resources originates in the Himalaya; they flow towards the sea through the major rivers of the Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, each of which span four countries. Water availability is highly variable – seasonally because of the monsoon which delivers 80 percent of annual rainfall in three months of the years, between years because of moderately high climate variability; and long-term because of a rapidly changing climate that is already al-tering the patterns and amounts of precipitation and glacial dynamics that play a key role in the regional water cycle.

South Asia is also the most populous and densely populated region of the globe, which places a high demand on available water resources. Water resource development is variable across the region, with major irrigation development (surface and groundwater) in Pakistan and India, and important hydropower developments in the headwaters, but limited development elsewhere, especially in terms of infrastructure. Much of the region’s sustainable hydropower potential is un-tapped, river navigation is largely undeveloped, system storage capability is low, and water supply and sanitation are below necessary levels in many areas. Sustainably developing the region’s wa-ter resources requires investment in data and technical analyses, investment in new infrastructure and improved water planning and management. Enabling a higher degree of regional coopera-tion over water resource development calls for better and openly shared data and information, higher levels of trust and transparency, and forums for dialogue and negotiation.

In 2009, the South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) was established as a multi-donor trust fund man-aged by the World Bank and supported by the governments of the United Kingdom, Australia and Norway to increase regional cooperation in water management. Following a positive independent performance review in 2012, the parties to the trust fund agreed to continue support for the pro-gram for a further five years,with increased investment, and with the specific objective to increase regional cooperation in the management of the major Himalayan river systems in South Asia to deliver sustainable, fair and inclusive development and climate resilience. A new trust fund was formally established in December 2012. The Annual Report for FY13 was essentially a comple-tion report for the first phase of the program. It also reported on the framing of the second phase based on the work in the first half of 2013, which focused on strategy development.

This Annual Report for FY14 is the first full annual report for the second phase of SAWI and cov-ers the period from 1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014. The report is structured around the five “Focus Areas” of SAWI: the Indus Basin, the Ganges Basin, the Brahmaputra Basin, the Sundarbans Landscape, and a Regional Cross-Cutting Focus Area.This report also includes a section on activi-ties from the first phase of SAWI that were formally completed in the last fiscal year (July-June). It concludes with a financial report on Program and Focus Area income, commitments and expen-diture to date compared to the approved indicative program budget.

Akihiko NishioDirector, Operational Policy and Country Services

World Bank, South Asia Region

FOREWORD

South Asia Water Initiative Annual Report FY14

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SAWI Phase 2In FY14, key foundations for the second phase of SAWI were set and several important activities commenced. Key foundations included appointment of new program staff – a Program Manager and Communications Officer (both based in the New Delhi office). Strategies for the program and its five Focus Areas were finalized and approved.

The strategies lay out high-level objectives and planned areas of activity for the Program and Focus Areas, and provide an assessment and mitigation of key risks to program success. The strategies were developed based on extensive consultation with key stakeholders and are available on the program website (www.southasiawateriniative.org). At the request of the trust fund donors, the original results framework for the Program was revised in FY14 to be more clear and realistic, whilst remaining tightly focused on the original objective to increase regional cooperation in the management of the major Himalayan river systems to deliver sustainable, fair and inclusive development and climate resilience. The revised results framework (Annex 3) has been endorsed by donors and is used to frame progress reporting in this Annual Report.

Important SAWI Phase 2 activities that commenced in FY14 include:

Establishment of the Indus Forum; a basin level sub-group of the Abu Dhabi Dialogue Group •– and the activities of this Forum, including a South-South Knowledge Exchange study tour to Ecuador on the topic of regional cooperation on glacier monitoring;Preparation of a grant to the government of Pakistan for improved glacier monitoring;•Analytical studies for the Kunar River Basin to guide planning for joint hydropower cascade •development by Afghanistan and Pakistan;Establishment of a modelling Community of Practice for the Ganges Basin and an associated •compilation of recent, current and planned basin modelling and models;Compilation and review of existing studies and data as the foundational work for a “State of •the Brahmaputra Basin” report;Development of new river basin models for the Brahmaputra and engagement with •policymakers around these models;Support to the preparation of a River Bank Improvement Project (loan) in Bangladesh;•Support to the preparation of a Flood and Erosion Management Project (loan), in Assam, •India;Preparations for a study tour (conducted in July FY15) by Brahmaputra stakeholders to the •Yellow River in China, for knowledge exchange on flood and erosion management;Preparations for FY15 dialogue forums and international workshops on the Sundarbans;•A review of transboundary water data sharing encompassing international best practice and •current practice and arrangement in South Asia;Development of the approach for a detailed SAWI stakeholder analysis; and •Scoping of a new university training program in Integrated Water Resources Management.•

Progress on these activities is described in this Annual Report and is compared against the FY14 targets of the revised results framework agreed to with donors in FY14. Assessed against these targets, the progress for FY14 is considered satisfactory.


The anticipated meetings of the Indus Forum took place, however, the planned dialogue event for the Sundarbans had to be delayed awaiting government approval. The study tour on glacier monitoring was a successful example of an informal participatory process focused on knowledge exchange. No other capacity building activities were undertaken in the reporting period (the study tour to the Yellow River had to be postponed due to scheduling conflicts from May to July 2014), so the targets for professionals trained were not met. A lower than anticipated number of knowledge products was finalized during the reporting period. Several analytical studies are well advanced and will be finalized in early FY15. During FY14, the SAWI World Bank team was very active in external engagement, connecting to other track II processes, consulting regularly with Abu Dhabi Dialogue members and other key stakeholders, and engaging actively in knowledge sharing forums, workshops and international conferences.

Many of the activities of the SAWI program will be implemented via a single World Bank instrument—a programmatic approach for analytical studies, technical assistance and dialogue support. The implementation of this programmatic approach will commence in FY15. The status of the programmatic approach and the detailed FY15 work plan for the entire program was presented at the annual meeting of the MDTF Committee in September 2014. This implementation approach is a change from the prior approach that developed separate programmatic approaches for each Focus Area. The change was a consequence of the change in management responsibility for the trust fund, which took place during the management restructuring of the World Bank in effect since July 2014.

In spite of overall satisfactory progress, World Bank restructuring also led to substantial changes in the internal responsibilities and accountabilities for program implementation. These changes slowed down the process of implementation of the programmatic design for several months.During this period, implementation efforts were focused on the already approved stand-alone activities.

By the end of FY14, around 14 percent of the total Phase 2 program funds were committed to grants supporting planned activities. Total Phase 2 project disbursements at the end of FY14 were USD 1.59 million. Total expenditure including trust fund administration was USD 2.22 million or 77 percent of the FY14 planned expenditure of USD 2.9 million.

SAWI Phase 1A number of SAWI I activities was completed and formally closed in FY14. These included the (i) Responsible Sourcing Initiative Phase II; (ii) the project on Improving Water Management in the Gorai River Basin; (iii) the project in India on Sustainable Development of Hydropower – Strengthening Monitoring and Institutional Mechanisms for Appropriate In-stream Flow; and (iv) the ICIMOD-administered Small Grants Program.

During FY14, a number of important outputs from SAWI Phase 1 were finalized for publication, including the following reports:(i) the Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment, (ii) research outcomes of the Small Grants Program, (iii) Monitoring of Glaciers, Climate, and Runoff in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya Mountains, (iv) The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative: A Model for Green Growth, and (iv) Climate Risks and Adaptions in the Sundarbans. An independent evaluation of the Small Grants Program was conducted and a review report was produced.

There was a small investment income for the SAWI Phase 1 fund in FY14 and total (net) disbursements of USD 0.2 million on FY14 residual activities. The SAWI Phase 1 trust fund has been closed and the residual USD 3.7 million was transferred to the SAWI Phase 2 trust fund.


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OPERATING CONTEXT

SAWI is a regional program that addresses priority water management issues across the seven countries sharing the river basins of the Great Himalaya. Country priorities shift with the changes of government. Over the past two fiscal years, the regional political landscape has changed. In FY13, there were changes of government in China (November 2012), Bhutan and Pakistan (both May 2013). In FY14, there were changes of government and/or elections in the remaining SAWI countries (Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh). The general trend of new government priorities in the region is toward a greater focus on water resources as a factor for growth and increased openness for cross-country dialogue.

AfghanistanAfghanistan continues to be a country in transition, with capacity building and support neces-sary in many sectors, including water resources management. The devastating floods in May in the northern Badakshan province highlighted capacity and infrastructure challenges as-sociated with providing rapid relief to affected populations following severe natural disasters. While occasional border skirmishes occur along the Durand Line, Afghanistan maintains good economic relations with its South Asian neighbors. In the context of the World Bank supported CASA1000 project, Pakistan and Afghanistan are cooperating to establish a transmission line for electricity trade from Central Asia to South Asia. The Afghanistan-Pakistan Joint Economic Commission meets regularly to strengthen economic relations and promote peace and stabil-ity; at their February meeting the countries reiterated agreement to cooperate on the develop-ment of the water resources of the Kunar River Basin.

Bangladesh The political situation in Bangladesh remained unstable due to the fallout between ruling and opposition parties over the war crimes trial against Jamaat-e-Islami. The Teesta water sharing agreement remains a topic of discussion between Bangladesh and India. While in India, Ma-mata Banerjee, Chief Minister of West Bengal, has not yet given consent, Dhaka has reiterated its commitment and interest in expediting the treaty as soon as possible.

Bhutan Bhutan conducted its second general elections in May–July 2013, after the former King initi-ated democratic reforms. Socioeconomic development continued to be positive and economic growth sustained at 8.5 percent. FY14 brought positive development in Bhutan’s hydropower sector. India agreed to build four new joint-venture hydropower projects in Bhutan, expected to generate 2120MW. The Asian Development Bank began working with Norway and Japan to assist Bhutan for enhanced management of its clean energy and water resources.

China China maintained strong economic growth (7.7 percent in 2013) while increasingly embracing policies for environmentally sustainable growth. China shares 40 major transboundary water-courses with 16 countries and has entered into a number of water-related agreements with its neighbors, primarily for its northern rivers. China extended its data sharing arrangements with its southern neighbors. At its annual meeting on June 30, 2014, theIndia-China Expert Level Mechanism on Trans-Border Rivers extended the high-flow season data sharing protocol for


Yarlung-Tsangpo Brahmaputra River by 15 days to 15 May-15 October of each year. China will also share hydrological information if water levels at the three measuring stations are close to or reach warning water levels in non-flood season. India will share information on data use in flood forecasting and mitigation and information on related hydrological stations.

India In India, devastating floods in Uttarakhand and Assam in June and July 2013 were followed by tropical cyclone Phailin (the strongest in 14 years) that hit coastal Odisha and Andhra Pradesh in October. Phailin caused severe property damage but evacuation of nearly one million people (aided by World Bank support for disaster preparation, including building shelters, planning evacuations, strengthening embankments and conducting drills) greatly minimized the loss of life. Preparations for general elections caused heightened political activity and a slow-down in policymaking. The elections in April/May 2014 changed the political landscape significantly with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) coming into power with a strong majority. This is expected to sta-bilize the political environment for the next five years. Prime Minister Modi was sworn-in amidst the presence of all Heads of States from SAARC countries. Prime Minister Modi declared the neighborhood as his top foreign policy priority. He subsequently visited Bhutan and Nepal and Foreign Minister Swaraj visited Bangladesh. However, efforts to finalize the Teesta agreement have been unsuccessful so far. The renewed focus by the Modi government on the interlinking of rivers raised river sharing concerns in Bangladesh. The new government made the cleaning of the Ganga and development of inland waterway navigation high priorities and moved the Ganga Cleanup Program from the Ministry of Environment and Forests to a broadened Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation. Prime Minister Modi estab-lished a group of Ministers supported by a Committee of departmental secretaries to prepare a plan for Ganga rejuvenation by December 2014. In July 2014, Prime Minister Modi met with the President of the World Bank and agreed on six strategic areas for new World Bank support over the coming years; most relevant to SAWI is the request to scale up support for improved management of the Ganga Basin. The priority placed on cleaning the Ganga has sparked con-siderable interest internationally, with many national governments offering support to India for meeting this challenge.

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The Hindu Kush Himalaya


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Nepal In Nepal, Constituent Assembly elections were held in November 2013. The Nepali Congress, the country’s oldest party, which favors close ties with India, emerged as the largest party, and with Parliamentary support its leader was elected as Prime Minister. However, requiring a two-third majority for its adoption, the political uncertainty over achieving a new constitution contin-ues. A 50-week program of cleaning the Bhagmati River that flows into the Kosi and then to the Ganges in India showed significant results. Over 900 metric tons of waste was removed from the Bhagmati and its banks, and the sewerage lines, which were earlier directly mixed into the river, are now being managed. Efforts to finalize Pancheshwar Multipurpose Hydrowpower Project in cooperation with India have resumed following Prime Minister Modi’s visit to Nepal in August 2014. The project terms of reference, which are based on the 1996 Mahakali Treaty, have been finalized and India may offer to facilitate financing through a line of credit. Active negotiations are underway on a power trade agreement between Nepal and India. While the first draft from India sparked some Nepali concern, Prime Minister Modi’s visit set a positive tone for continued negotiations and saw a commitment to quickly finalize the agreement.

PakistanIn Pakistan, the government of Nawaz Sharif, elected Prime Minister with an overwhelming majority in June 2013, faces decreasing support from the country’s military and population, which may affect its capacity to implement its policy priorities. Nonetheless, water resources management remains key for economic and social development in Pakistan. Annual per capita water availability has declined to 964 m3 per person from 5,650 m3 per person in 1947, and groundwater extraction for agriculture above the level of natural recharge aggravates water availability and has caused significant contamination. At a Pakistan Water Summit in March, the Minister for Planning, Development and Reforms recognized the need to formulate and implement an effective water management policy and reiterated the interest in resolution of water disputes with India. On the Indus, the Kishenganga Arbitration final award (December 2013) decided the question of the minimum flow to be released by India into the Kishengagna/Neelum after the earlier partial award determined that the Kishenganga HEP constitutes a run-of-the river plant within the meaning of the Indus Water Treaty. Pakistan currently continues to contest other HEP projects planned by India: the 850 MW Ratle, 1000MW Pakal Dul, 120MW Miyar and the 48MW Lower Kalnai plants.

The changes in the political landscape of the past year present opportunities and risks for SAWI. The policy focus of the Modi government on rivers (Ganga river-clean-up and interlinking and inland water transport) opens opportunities for close engagement with the Indian central and state governments, both through continued support to the Ganga clean-up project and on new issue areas linked to integrated water resources and basin management. The declared willingness to revive regional cooperation in the SAARC context also opens opportunities for cross-border initiatives and bodes well for initiatives such as the ongoing Nepal-India-Bangladesh and Bhutan-India-Bangladesh water dialogues started by the previous government in India—initiatives to which SAWI has clear programmatic links. The increasing interest of China to engage as a “good neighbor” offers new opportunities for technical knowledge exchange, especially in the Brahmaputra Basin. A request to India for a follow-up exchange after the Yellow River study tour has already been received and accepted. However, relations over water remain tense between India and Pakistan; the betterment in relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan will provide better opportunities for engagement on that part of the Indus Basin. Part of this engagement will depend on the final outcome of the elections in Afghanistan and the policy priorities of the new government.


In FY14, SAWI was managed from within the Environment and Water Sector of the South Asia Department for Sustainable Development. Program leadership, coordination and Trust Fund management were provided by a Lead Water Resources Management Specialist (Bill Young) under the managerial oversight of the Sector Manager (Herbert Acquay). A SAWI Core Team consisting of the Lead Water Resources Management Specialist, the Focus Area Leaders and the Communications Expert coordinated program implementation, drawing on experts and staff from the Environment and Water Sector and other sector departments. This coordination ensures coordination across the Focus Areas in a way that maximizes the likelihood of achieving the overall development objective. During FY14, internal collaboration websites were established to raise the profile of the program within the World Bank, improve internal information sharing and team coordination. A two-day planning workshop for the team was held in December 2014 to develop the programmatic design for activity implementation.

As a result of the World Bank restructuring, internal management arrangements for SAWI will change from FY15 onwards. From July 1, 2014, 14 Global Practices (GPs) and five Cross-Cutting Solution Areas (CCSA) will complement existing World Bank Group strengths with the ability to generate, share, and deploy knowledge and expertise globally. As a regional, multi-sectoral trustfund program, SAWI will move to the “Front Office” of the South Asia Regional Vice President, with overall managerial responsibility sitting with the Director, Strategy and Operations (Akihiko Nishio). The SAR Regional Trust Fund Adviser (Nicolette Bowyer-Walker) will manage trust fund administration and hold fiduciary responsibility, while program technical leadership and coordination will remain with the Lead Water Resources Management Specialist (Bill Young). The program will be implemented by several of the new Global Practices.

The program will be implemented through the Water GP, in collaboration and with significant contributions from the Environment and Natural Resource Management (ENRM) GP, the Energy GP and the Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience (SURR) GP, which incorporates the World Bank’s work on climate change and disaster management in South Asia. A World Bank-internal SAWI Steering Committee, chaired by the Director, Strategy and Operations, will be established to provide coordination across the GPs and with the Front Office. The SAWI Steering Committee will have an advisory and coordinating function only; decision making and approvals will be made in according to the World Bank’s standard decision processes.

The Chief Economist from the Regional Front Office (Martin Rama) will oversee internal review and quality control of activities and program review processes, chair the Annual Meetings of the MDTF Committee and participate in the SAWI Steering Committee process. The Director, Regional Integration for South Asia (Salman Zaheer) will play a key advisory role for SAWI both via membership of the SAWI Steering Committee and by providing the World Bank’s managerial oversight to the SAWI regional dialogue processes. The senior management engagement in SAWI reflects the recognition of the strategic importance of SAWI to the World Bank’s regional program and the relevance of the program to the World Bank’s regional strategy.

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT


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The Brahmaputra in flood

SUMMARY OF PROGRESS

In this report, implementation progress is described and is reported against the agreed results framework, which is provided in Annex 3. Relative to the agreed targets, progress for FY14 is considered satisfactory. The anticipated meetings of the Indus Forum took place, however, the planned dialogue event for the Sundarbans had to be delayed awaiting government approval. The study tour on glacier monitoring was a successful example of an informal participatory process focused on knowledge exchange, as was the study tour to the Yellow River in China (that occurred in the first week of FY15). The expected number of knowledge products was finalized during the reporting period. Several other analytical studies are well advanced and will be finalized in early FY15. In addition, seven significant reports from SAWI Phase I were finalized and published during FY14. A summary of progress against the indicators and first-year targets is presented in Table 1. More detailed descriptions of implementation progress are provided for each Focus Area in the sections below.

In spite of satisfactory progress overall, the restructuring of the World Bank during 2014 led to a change in the agreed process for program implementation and substantial changes in the internal responsibilities and accountabilities for program implementation. These changes slowed down the process of implementation of the programmatic design for several months; during this period implementation efforts were focused on the already approved stand-alone activities.

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT


Table 1: Progress summary: results indicators and target values for FY14. The first value is the value achieved for FY14; the second value is the results framework target value. Values in green indicate the target was met or exceeded; values in red indicate the target was not met.

Results indicators I G B S X Total

1.1 Number of regional and basin/landscape dialogue meetings facilitated by SAWI

2/2 0/0 0/0 0/1 0/0 2/3

2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or sub-basin level participatory processes that support transboundary knowledge generation & sharing and stakeholder input to government decision making

1/0 0/0 1/1 0/0 0/0 2/1

3.1 Number of professionals trained in the aspects of water management, water policy or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale planning and management or regional cooperation

16/0 0/0 8/8 0/0 0/12 24/20

3.2 Number of key water management organizations with technical capacity strengthened by SAWI activities in areas relevant to basin scale planning or regional cooperation

0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0

4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or sub-basin-level knowledge products produced and shared with stakeholders including decision makers

2/1 0/0 2/1 0/0 0/1 4/3

5.1 Number of regional, basin or sub-basin-level feasibility studies or intervention designs informed by SAWI activities

0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0

Note: I: Indus; G: Ganges; B: Brahmaputra; S: Sundarbans; X: Regional Cross-cutting


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INDUS BASIN

ObjectiveThe SAWI objective for the Indus Basin Focus Area is to strengthen water resources management and coordination among riparian countries to improve water and energy security. The two specific goals in support of this objective are to: (i) strengthen knowledge and capacity for long-term basin development and investment planning; and (ii) support investments and capacity building for improved water and energy security in the basin.

Overview of Progress

ActivitiesDuring the first half of FY14, the Focus Area strategy was finalized and approved by World Bank management and donor partners. Consultations on the strategy began with country representatives during a meeting of the Indus Forum (formerly known as the Abu Dhabi Dialogue Indus Group) in Afghanistan in FY13 (June 2013) and were continued in FY14 during a mission to Pakistan in November 2013.

Several stand-alone activities were implemented in FY14 under the Indus Basin Focus Area. These included the continuation of the basin-dialogue of the Indus Forum, a South-South knowledge exchange study tour to Ecuador on regional glacier monitoring, analytical work to inform hydropower cascade development in the Kunar sub-basin and support to WADPA to strengthen its Glacier Monitoring Research Center (GMRC).

A study tour of government officials and technical experts from the four Indus riparian countries to Ecuador took place in January 2014. Under the theme Climate Change and Glacier Monitoring, the study tour visited institutions participating in the Regional Adaptation to the Impact of Rapid Glacier Retreat in the Tropical Andes Project (PRAA). The study tour included a visit to Antisana


Glacier, whose monitoring stations, installed at over 4,000 meters above sea level, are amongst the very few located near and directly above the glacier surface. The delegation also visited some of the on-the-ground adaptation activities being implemented under the leadership of Ecuador’s Ministry of Environment, such as “páramo” (high Andean moorland) protection and restoration, and integrated water resources management sites. As a follow up to the study tour the formation of a Technical Working Group on climate change impact on the Indus has been agreed and preparations are underway for the third Indus Forum Meeting in Pakistan, in FY15.(The second Indus Forum meeting took place on January 30, 2014 on the last day of the participants visit to Ecuador.)

A separate report of the event was prepared and shared with SAWI donors. The visit was widely covered in the South American and Spanish media and recognized in an editorial by a major Indian daily newspaper; a web story on the initiative is available on the SAWI portal.

Pakistan Finance Minister Senator Ishaq Dar and his Afghan counterpart Dr Hazrat Omar Zakhilwal met in August 2013 to explore ways to enhance bilateral trade and economic relations.

Participants in the South-South Knowledge Exchange study tour to Ecuador on the topic of regional cooperation on glacier monitoring


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The two sides agreed to begin cooperation on the development of a 1,500MW hydropower cascade on the Kunar River. After entering Afghanistan from Pakistan, Chitral River becomes the Kunar River which joins the Kabul River near Jalalabad and then re-enters Pakistan. The Kunar River contributes nearly 75 percent of flows in the Kabul River and thus about 56 percent of all net annual flows from Afghanistan into Pakistan.

Under the Indus Focus Area a series of studies on Kunar Basin hydropower cascade development have been carried out with a view to support the two governments in their endeavor. The review of existing feasibility studies, a comprehensive hydrologic basin assessment study and a political economy analysis provide insights into possible tradeoffs between different development options. The findings of the technical studies were presented to Afghan government representatives during a workshop on global experience on the development of HEP in transboundary basins. The same workshop will be offered to the Pakistan government and funding of additional training and dialogue on the development of the shared basins of these two countries is planned in FY15.

As part of the Tarbela Fourth Extension Hydropower Project, it was envisaged that the establishment of a glacier monitoring program would be crucial for the long term understanding of water and energy security. The full cost for the establishment of a GMRC at WAPDA and modernization of glacier monitoring network is envisaged to amount to USD 12 million. IDA made USD 6 million available through the Tarbela project. GMRC was supported during the preparation of a SAWI grant for an additional USD 2 million to contribute to the glacier monitoring system. Grant preparation has been finalized, however the grant is not being pursued since sufficient funding for WAPDA/GMRC is currently available through the Tarbela project and from other development partners.

Table 2: Progress summary for Indus Basin Focus Area activities

Activity Progress

Glacier monitoring support to Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Pakistan

Support to WAPDA/GMRC during preparation of a recipient executed grant to WAPDA. The grant was put on hold due to availability of financial resources at WAPDA for GMRC

South-South Knowledge Exchange study tour on regional glacier monitoring and climate change to Ecuador

Conducted in January 2014. Report complete and disseminated

Strategic analyses of hydropower potential of the Kunar Basin

Mission to Afghanistan in Jan 2014 to scope analyses. Analyses completed and presented to Afghan Government. Workshop on Global Experience on HEP Development on Transboundary Rivers held in Dubai (June 2014)

Institutional options for HEP development in the Kunar Basin

Planned for FY15; background study prepared

Indus basin dialogue Indus Form meeting conducted during Ecuador study tour (January 2014)


EngagementEngagement with riparian governments, research institutions and civil society stakeholders has been ongoing throughout FY14. Consultations with representatives from the four Indus riparian countries take place regularly through the Indus Forum. The team also participated in the India-Pakistan water dialogue meeting coordinated by the Atlantic Council (March) and continues coordination with this and other Track II dialogues related to the Indus waters; such as the Water Security Game organized by the Skoll Global Threat Fund. The World Bank fielded several missions to Pakistan, for consultations on the Indus strategy and on strengthening of glacier monitoring capacity, as well as to participate in the Pakistan Water Summit in March 2014. A scoping mission on Kunar HEP cascade development in January was followed up with a workshop and consultations with the Afghan government in Dubai in June, with future consultations also planned in Pakistan.Continued engagement with stakeholders is done through the country based staff of the Indus Focus Area Team.

The World Bank team continued to coordinate with donor partners and their consultants (for example, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) team working on basin modeling) to avoid duplication and ensure complementarity of SAWI funding. In the same context, the World Bank team ensures alignment and complementarity of Indus Basin Focus Area activities with the World Bank portfolio in the Indus basin countries.

FinancesFour grants were established, total value USD 1.19 million, of which 61 percent was expended in FY14 (63 percent since Phase 2 MDTF inception). This is 125 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy.


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GANGES BASIN

ObjectiveThe objective of the Ganges Basin Focus Area is to improve the shared understanding, management and development of the Ganges River Basin to support economic growth for the riparian countries, and resilience to existing variability and climate change.


ActivitiesDuring FY14, the Ganges Basin Focus Area strategy was developed following consultation with stakeholders in all riparian countries. It was subsequently finalized and approved by World Bank management and donor partners. The strategy was shared with country representatives, donor partners, civil society members, and World Bank staff active in the region, to ensure alignment with ongoing and planned initiatives in the basin.

Work commenced on important foundational task for major Focus Area activities. As a part of the planned Strategic Basin Planning activity for the Ganges in India (that will focus on river basin modeling, surface-groundwater interactions and environmental flows), a baseline compilation of all recent and current water modelling efforts in the Ganges Basin was undertaken. This generated a database of 112 published papers and reports on Ganges modeling work and identified around eight institutions across the world currently active in modeling the Ganges Basin or key sub-basins. The lead modelers at these institutions were contacted and completed a template describing the nature and purpose of their modeling work. This has provided a valuable compilation of current modeling work in the Ganges Basin.


Multiple consultations were held on basin modelling and environmental flow assessments for the Ganges to begin scoping the establishment of a basin modelling community of practice (CoP) and to explore potential collaborations of environmental flows assessments. Consultations on these issues were conducted with IIT Delhi, IWMI (Nepal, India and Sri Lanka), CSIRO (Australia), eWater (Australia), NERC (UK), Oxford University (UK), Southampton University (UK), NGRBA (India), IWM (Bangladesh), NIH (India) and Texas A&M University.

To test the value of a modeling community of practice, a survey was designed and completed by nearly all the identified institutions. This confirmed the value in establishing a modeling CoP, which was thus established. Initially the CoP is limited to an online space where members can access and share information. Part of the CoP’s value to-date has been connecting all Ganges modelers to enable informal interaction and sharing. In FY15, more work will be put into making the CoP active, including an initial workshop to share modeling approaches and findings. Once the CoP is well established and functioning, SAWI will provide opportunities for the CoP to connect with key basin stakeholders through dialogue events. The CoP may be extended to encompass environmental flow work, or this may commence as a separate but linked CoP.

With plans to provide significant technical support in environmental assessments and basin planning to World Bank-financed HEP development in Nepal, work commenced to plan initial river basin planning workshops in Nepal in early FY15. This has involved consultations with WECS and the Department of Energy in Nepal and internal discussions with the World Bank’s Nepal Energy team.

Table 3: Progress summary for Ganges Basin Focus Area activities

Activity Progress

Strategic Basin Planning for the Ganges in India

Basin modeling review completed. Modeling Community of Practice established. Formal approval pending via programmatic concept note

Preparation support to Hydrology Project III in India (Ganges and Brahmaputra states)

Contributions from SAWI team to preparation for project workshop planned for early FY15. Grant under preparation

Sustainable Water Resources Development for HEP in Nepal (Bank-executed)

Grant approved. Initial workshop planned for early FY15

Sustainable Water Resources Development for HEP in Nepal (Recipient-executed)

Grant under preparation

Ganges Basin Dialogue Multiple consultations conducted with key stakeholders

EngagementGanges Basin Focus Area engagement was ongoing throughout FY14. Multiple meetings were had with ADD members in all riparian countries on multiple occasions. These have been focused on strategy design and activity scoping, rather than being issue-focused dialogue events. As described above, there was continuous engagement with research, academic and applied technical institutions, exploring opportunities for collaboration and identifying potential organizations to undertake contract work during program implementation.

At a government level, SAWI has strongest support and engagement in Bangladesh. The relationship with the Government of India is strengthening, with increasing openness to discussion on river basin planning and growing recognition that SAWI can support design and


15

implementation of important World Bank projects in the Ganges Basin, including the National Ganga River Basin Project and the planned Hydrology Project III. In Nepal, SAWI does not yet have strong government support—a legacy of the reaction by government and key commentators to the Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment. Working in support of the World Bank’s Energy sector in Nepal is expected to build a strong relationship with government, and in the context of the current geopolitics of the region following the change of government in India, it is anticipated that SAWI can offer important support to all countries as they engage in transboundary discussions and negotiations relating to water.

FinancesOne grant has been established (USD 0.35 million) for strategy preparation and activity design. By the end of FY14 94 percent of these funds had been expended, which is 83 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy.

The Maha Kumbh at Allahabad on River Ganges

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BRAHMAPUTRA BASIN

ObjectiveThe overall objective of the Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area is to improve the shared understanding and management of the Brahmaputra River Basin as a means to strengthen resilience and support economic growth for the riparian countries.


ActivitiesDuring FY14 the Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area strategy was finalized and approved by World Bank management and donor partners.

Several stand-alone activities began in FY14 under the Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area. These included the commencement of work on a “state of the basin report”, commencement of support for the preparation of a major River Bank Improvement Project in Bangladesh, commencement of support for the preparation of a major Flood, Erosion and Sediment Management in Assam, and preparation for a technical stakeholder study tour to China.

A team from the University of Massachusetts, supported by the SAWI team, has made significant progress on the state of the basin assessment. A consortium of regional institutes under the leadership and coordination of IIT-Delhi will complete the assessment.

To enable scenario analyses of development of the Brahmaputra Basin, SAWI has supported eWater Ltd’s development of a SOURCE model of the river system, and the development of a hydrology and human systems model for the Basin by the University of Massachusetts. Scenario modeling undertaken using these tools will be linked to stakeholder dialogue processes.


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To share early progress World Bank/SAWI consultants presented at the second Assam Water Conference in Guwahati. Next steps include: (i) enabling a sustainable science-to-policy modelling process in the Brahmaputra River Basin (eWater Ltd.); and (ii) modeling the Brahmaputra River: hydrology, hydropower, flooding and human systems (UMass-Amherst). In collaboration with the Assam Water Resources Management Institute and Indian Institute of Management (IIT)-Guwahati, a two-day workshop is under preparation for later in 2014.The workshop will work to identify the core knowledge, institutional and capacity gaps that exist in the basin and chart a roadmap to guide future World Bank engagement in the basin.

In FY14 preparations were made for a study tour to the Yellow River in China for knowledge exchange on erosion control and flood management (in the context of Integrated Water Resources Management). The tour took place in early FY15 with participants from India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar and China.

During FY14 two grants were established to provide additional support for the preparation of major World Bank loans in the Brahmaputra Basin that are focused on improving erosion, sediment and flood management. The two projects are the River Bank Improvement Project in Bangladesh and the Flood, Sediment and Erosion Management Project in Assam, India. Significant progress was made with the preparatory work for these loans, including several missions for consultations with state (provincial) governments. SAWI support will enable the preparation process to be informed by basin-wide studies and will enable assessment of the expected broader basin implications of the projects.

Preparations have commenced for significant technical assistance to Bhutan for hydromet modernization. Hydromet is in its early stages in the country. Bhutan is faced with major and frequent water-related disasters, and the country is the source of a significant fraction of the inflows into the main stem of the Brahmaputra. Better monitoring, data sharing and early warning systems will greatly benefit both Bhutan and its downstream riparians.

Table 4: Progress summary for Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area activities

Activity Progress

Informing the River Bank Improvement Project

Commenced

Informing the Assam Flood, Erosion and Sediment Management Project

Commenced

The State of the Brahmaputra River Basin Draft report prepared. Two prototype models developed. Preliminary workshop conducted. Two papers presented at Assam Water Conference

River basin modeling and analysis This activity will subsume the state of the basin work and the preliminary modeling, compilation and sharing of GIS and other databases and analyses of sediment budgets

Bhutan Hydromet modernization Major technical assistance under preparation

Integrated watershed management study tour to China

Completed in early FY15. Report completed and disseminated


EngagementBrahmaputra Focus Area engagement was ongoing throughout FY14. The study tour to the Yellow River Basin in China (July 2014/FY15) was the highlight of this engagement. The study tour provided an opportunity to host a knowledge exchange forum among senior technical specialists from all the Brahmaputra Basin countries. The forum focused on regional cooperation and sustainable development. The study tour put great emphasis on learning from the Yellow River Basin experience to jointly manage the problems of sediment and flood management. The exercise provided an opportunity for the technical specialists from Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Myanmar and India to jointly identify areas of collaboration and activities that may be undertaken to better manage water resources.

It was requested that a Brahmaputra Forum be formed at the national level in each of these four countries – with select members coming together to form a basin-level forum. While the former will identify and attempt to find solutions to challenges that may be solved with local and/or national level interventions alone, the latter will focus on cooperation to solve problems that are regional in nature and require joint or coordinated responses by two or more riparians (e.g., navigation and hydropower investments as well as flood and sediment management).

There has been continuous engagement with research, academic and applied technical institutions, exploring opportunities to form a consortium of scientists researching and sharing knowledge about the basin. Such a consortium may undertake contract work during program implementation. SAWI has a strong engagement in Bangladesh. The World Bank received a request for approximately USD 1 billion of investment in flood control structures in Bangladesh’s portion of the Brahmaputra River. SAWI is supporting studies and broad consultation to inform the design of the flood control scheme through a basin-wide lens.

The relationship with the Government of India is focused on catalyzing investments in both Meghalaya and Assam. The discussion around these investments provides an opportunity for increasing openness to discussion on river basin planning and growing recognition that SAWI can support design and implementation of important World Bank projects in the Brahmaputra Basin. These interactions with government are helping to increasethe recognition that addressing the flood and sediment problems in India requires basin-wide planning and management.

FinancesFive grants has been established with a total value of USD 1.4 mllion; 21 percent of these funds had been expended by the end of FY14, or 50 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy

Participants in the study tour by Brahmaputra stakeholders to the Yellow River in China, for knowledge exchange on flood and erosion management


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SUNDARBANS LANDSCAPE

ObjectiveThe objective of the Sundarbans Landscape Focus Area program is to operationalize joint management of the Sundarbans for sustainable development and to deliver mutual benefits to Bangladesh and India.


ActivitiesDuring FY14, following consultation with stakeholders in Bangladesh and India, the Sundarbans Landscape Focus Area strategy was developed. It was subsequently finalized and approved by World Bank management and donor partners. The strategy was prepared in consultation, and shared at draft and final form with government officials, opinion makers, donor partners, civil society members, and World Bank staff active in the landscape, to ensure alignment with ongoing and planned initiatives in the landscape.

A few stand-alone activities began. Under the Focus Area strategy it was agreed that all activities will be planned and decided by multi-stakeholder deliberations, hence several consultations were organized in FY14. These consultations included final rounds on the reports (i) “Securing a Resilient Future for the Bangladesh Sundarbans”; and (ii) “Building Resilience for Sustainable Development of the Indian Sundarbans”. Further consultations on the Focus Area strategy and the draft list of Focus Area activities included discussions with a large section of the target multi-sector stakeholders—government officials, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests in Bangladesh, the Ministry of Environment and Forests in India, the Department of Sundarbans Affairs in West Bengal; prominent non-government organizations such as the IUCN and the WWF; and leaders of local communities and municipalities in both countries.

As the intent of the Focus Area strategy is to develop a formal agreement on the proposed Joint


Platform, the World Bank team presented the idea of a formal joint forum in several meetings with officials, and the suggestions were incorporated into the final Focus Area strategy.

During FY14, the SAWI Sundarbans team supported the preparation of concept notes for two major World Bank loans in the Sundarbans Landscape. The first concept note was for a project to improve sustainable management of the mangroves and mangrove-associated ecosystem of the Bangladesh Sundarbans. The Government of Bangladesh has requested the World Bank to consider financing the project. The World Bank is in the process of determining if this proposed project is a good fit with its country partnership strategy. The second concept note was for climate change resilient development of the Sundarbans in West Bengal, focusing on creating water resources infrastructure and public infrastructure in the “stable zones” as a means to attract the vulnerable population from unstable zones to these “stable zones”, and reduce the impact of expected sea-level rise. The Government of West Bengal has requested the Government of India to forward this request for financing to the World Bank. This request is currently being subjected to the regular screening at the Government of India level.

Further discussions were conducted with the Inland Waterways Authority of India and the Indian Ministry of Shipping and Ports, which are planning to improve the navigability of the Ganges River (Indian National Waterway 1). There were two areas of technical support that had been discussed. First, part of the Indian National Waterway 1 is within the Sundarbans, and it is linked to the Indian National Waterway 2 (the Brahmaputra) through the Sundarbans in India and Bangladesh (called the “India-Bangladesh protocol routes”). As major incentives for development of the National Waterway 1 in its lower reaches are trade with Bangladesh and transportation to Northeast India through Bangladesh, there is a need for formal long-term agreement on the “protocol routes”, compared to the current practice of extending the protocol on an annual basis. Second, there is a partially implemented protocol route that was expected to link the Farakka Ship-lock to Rajshahi. The necessary infrastructure, viz., the Jangipur Ship-lock and the Rajshahi channel were never completed. As trade between Bangladesh and India improves, and the inland water traffic to and from Northeast India increases, there could be huge benefits from completing this unfinished part of the “protocol routes”. The Inland Waterways Authority of India and the Department of Inland Water Transport in Bangladesh are discussing this opportunity, and depending on the progress of this discussion, the Sundarbans Focus Area team will help with a preliminary economic analysis.

Significant effort was spent scoping a number of upcoming major events, focusing on multi-stakeholder involving government officials, community leaders, opinion makers, experts, media and non-government organizations in both countries (to take place in the first half of FY15).

Table 5: Progress summary for Sundarbans Landscape Focus Area activities

Activity Progress

Sundarbans hydromet design Under preparation

Targeted environmental studies

International workshop planned for early FY15 on “Adaptation to Sea-level Rise and other Climate Change Impacts”. A series of workshops planned for late 2014 to disseminate prior technical studies

Landscape-scale joint environmental planning

Under preparation

Sundarbans dialogue Event planned for early FY15 to engage with decision-makers and the local and international media.First high-level dialogue event planned for late 2014


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EngagementSundarbans Focus Area engagement was ongoing throughout FY14. Multiple meetings took place with government officials and civil society organizations in both countries on multiple occasions. Meetings were focused on strategy design and activity scoping, and included issue-focused meetings and roundtables. There has been regular engagement with research, academic and applied technical institutions, exploring opportunities for collaboration and identifying potential organizations to undertake technical studies (if required and if agreed by the stakeholders from Bangladesh and India) during program implementation.

The Sundarbans Focus Area work has support from, and engagement with, government in both Bangladesh and India. In-principle, or informal agreements, for proposed activities have been received from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Khulna City Government (in Bangladesh), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Ministry of Shipping and Ports, Ministry of Earth Sciences (in India), Sundarbans Affairs Department, Water Resources Department (in West Bengal, India). The Focus Area strategy was shared informally with officials of the Ministries of External Affairs in both countries, and positive informal feedback was received. Building upon the increased cooperation between Bangladesh and India in the recent past, it is expected that SAWI can offer important support to both countries for resilient and sustainable development of the Sundarbans Landscape.

FinancesOne grant has been established (USD 0.15 million) for preparation of the Sundarbans Landscape Focus Area strategy and for activity design. Three percent of these funds were expended by the end of FY14, or less than 1 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy.

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Sundarbans, the largest single block of mangrove forest in the world


REGIONAL CROSS-CUTTING

ObjectiveThe overarching objective of the Cross-cutting Focus Area of the SAWI program is to build knowledge and capacity across the region in support of transboundary basin-focused dialogue and cooperation.


ActivitiesDuring FY14 the Regional Cross-cutting Focus Area strategy was finalized and approved by World Bank management and donor partners.

To prepare the ground for long-term influence of decision making for transboundary cooperation, consultations to support capacity building initiatives on water diplomacy and integrated water resources management took place throughout FY14. These capacity building activities will target mid-career level professionals and students with the aim to foster a next generation of water policy decision makers who are knowledgeable about the potential benefits of regional water cooperation and are equipped with the right skills and tools to achieve these benefits. SAWI supported a workshop at TERI University in January to design a curriculum for IWRM training in South Asia. A report from this workshop was provided by TERI University and was shared with donors. Following the workshop the university established a new Department of Regional Water Studies and, in early FY15, launch a master’s level course in Water Science and Governance.

Scoping and consultations for the preparation of a comprehensive capacity building program, including on river system modelling, water information systems, environmental flow assessments, incorporation of climate change risk into water resources planning, flood forecasting and management, and hydro-diplomacy, was carried out. The capacity building program will commence in FY15.


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Preparation of analytical work to guide hydro-power development and sediment management in the region was completed and will be implemented in FY15. The work will focus on the potential impacts of climate change on hydro-power development, including through changes in flow regimes and sediment regimes. SAWI support will include a focus on assessment of climate change impact on the cryosphere (snow and ice) components of the flow regime. This work is planned for multiple sub-basins in support of World Bank investments in hydropower (including in Upper Indus, various sub-basins in Nepal and in India). The first studies will be carried out for the Kosi sub-basin.The Cross-cutting Focus Area will further continue to support the ADD process with the aim to widen engagement in support of a broad-based regional dialogue that builds confidence and trust among key decision makers and opinion leaders in the seven SAWI countries. Progress of SAWI support in enhancing regional water cooperation and trust will be measured through regular surveys and based on stakeholder consultations.

In FY14, SAWI’s participation underlined the importance of transboundary water cooperation in high profile dialogues such as the World Bank Regional Champions Group (Delhi and Kathmandu); and conferences including the Delhi Sustainable Development Summit, Asia News Agency’s Regional Water Security and Riverine Disputes: Issues common to Central and South Asia and the TERI Forum. Details of other such conferences and workshops are provided in Table 7 for reference.

The baseline review of hydromet cooperation and data exchange has commenced and is expected to be completed in the first half of FY15. This assessment will inform hydromet activities/investments across the SAWI program.The implementation status of current activities is presented in Table 6.

Table 6: Progress summary for Cross-cutting Focus Area activities

Activity Progress

Improving regional flood forecasting FY15 will focus on scoping reviews and design of major technical assistance activity

Capacity building in basin planning, basin modeling and hydro-diplomacy

Early support to CPCB and GKC in India anticipated. Workshop conducted by TERI University to scope curriculum for IWRM training

Climate change risks in water resources management

Under preparation

Climate change risks to hydropower and dams

Commenced late FY14

Transboundary risk management and data sharing

Under implementation

Regional dialogue Engagement with other track II dialogue processes commenced. Ongoing engagement with individual dialogue participants. Regional stakeholder analysis inception report completed; continuation planned in FY15

Communications and EngagementFollowing consultation with several ADD members and Focus Area leaders, a long-term Communication and Stakeholder Engagement strategy was prepared in FY14. This is in line with the program structure and aims to support achievement of results, as per the agreed framework.


SAWI actively engaged in regional dialogue processes. SAWI participated in two dialogue events of the World Bank Regional Champions group – one in New Delhi and one in Kathmandu. A presentation on SAWI was given to a roundtable on Regional Water Security and Riverine Disputes: Issues common to Central and South Asia, organized by the Asia News Agency. Many individual meetings were held with current ADD members and prospective new members, as well as with potential providers of capacity building services for the planned SAWI investments in this area.

In line with the Phase 1 review recommendations SAWI worked to increase program visibility through attendance and presentations at multiple events regionally and internationally (Table 7). Major improvements were made to the program website to: (i) restructure the design and content layout to highlight program achievements and add regular updates, (ii) complete the mapping portal and make it publically accessible; and (iii) ensure comprehensive online access to all SAWI publications, as well as providing html versions of the Phase 2 strategies. Summary reports and knowledge product flyers, such as the Ganges SBA, Glacier Monitoring report and study tour reports have been produced for increasing outreach and widening the SAWI stakeholder base. A brochure describing the program was developed and distributed. SAWI style guidelines are being used across presentations, publications and other communication products to create visibility for the brand and a distinct identity for the program.

FinancesThree grants have been established, total value USD 0.48 million, of which 44 percent had been expended by the end of FY14, or 53 percent of the expenditure anticipated for the year in the Focus Area strategy.

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The higher reaches of the Indus Basin


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Table 7: Summary of communications events for FY14

Date Event Location Communication

Sep 13 National Environmental Flows Workshop, National Institute of Hydrology, and NERC UK

Roorkee, India Session chair, expert input

Oct 14 TERI Water Forum Delhi, India Invited paper on “Regional Cooperation for Water Security”

Nov 14 Norwegian Embassy Consultation Delhi India Overview presentation of SAWI Phase 2

Jan 14 TERI University IWRM Course Design Workshop

Delhi, India Overview presentation of SAWI Phase 2

Jan 14 World Bank Regional Integration Sector’s “Champions’ Group” Dialogue

Delhi, India Overview discussant and presenter of SAWI Phase 2 overview

Jan 14 Indus Forum meeting Quito, Ecuador Overview presentation on SAWI Phase 2

Feb 14 Delhi Sustainable Development Summit, ICIMOD-convened session on Transboundary Water Cooperation

Delhi, India Invited panelist to provide commentary on invited presentations

Feb 14 National Mission Clean Ganga Workshop on River Restoration

Delhi, India Invited presentation on “River Health”

Feb 14 Assam Water Conference Guwahati, India Two papers: “Modeling the Brahmaputra River: hydrology, hydropower, flooding and human system” and “Enabling a sustainable science-to-policy modeling process in the Brahmaputra Basin”

Mar 14 DFAT SDIP Partners’ Workshop Canberra, Australia

Participation in partner discussions

Mar 14 Round Table on Transboundary water Cooperation in Central and South Asia, Asia News Agency

Delhi, India Invited participant and presenter – overview of SAWI Phase 2

Mar 14 MRC International Conference on Cooperation for Water, Energy, and Food Security in Transboundary Basins Under Changing Climate

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Invited presentation “Gaming the Ganges: a Platform for Dialogue”

Mar 14 Atlantic Council, India-Pakistan Water Dialogue

Dubai, UAE Invited presentation “World Bank Regional water Cooperation Engagement, South Asia Water Initiative

Apr 14 National Workshop on Climate Change Adaption, Kashmir University

Srinagar, India Invited presentation on SAWI work on climate change and hydrology

Jun 2014 Water Security Games Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Invited as observer by Skoll Global Threats Fund


Progress on Remaining SAWI Phase 1 ActivitiesDuring this FY, progress was made on the delivery and finalization of SAWI Phase 1 activities. An overview is presented below:

The Feasibility Study for a Regional Monitoring Center for the Greater Himalayas, which •presented a first-order synthesis of the quantity and quality of the existing monitoring already occurring in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region, and recommended future monitoring investments, was finalized and published on the SAWI website.In consultation with the authors, important final corrections were made to the Ganges SBA •report. The final report and the summary report (translated into Bangla, Hindi and Nepali) were printed for distribution in June 2014. The Bangladesh Hydromet Technical Study report (internal technical paper), which provides •insights on the needed improvements to Bangladesh’s hydro-meteorological and flood forecasting systems, was finalized.The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative report, which looks at promoting environmental •compliance in Bangladesh’s textile industry to reduce industrial water pollution in the Dhaka watershed, has been finalized and published.The report India: Sustainable Development of Hydropower – Strengthening Monitoring and •Institutional Mechanisms for Appropriate In-Stream Flow has been completed and will be published in FY15. The final report provides recommendations on: (i) existing mechanism; (ii) how it can be strengthened; and (iii) international practices of in-stream flow/in-flows and instrumentation. The outreach of the study will be useful for hydro states such as Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, as well neighboring countries such as Bhutan and Nepal.The findings of the Social Dimensions of Climate Change work, which aimed to develop •a better understanding of: (i) the potential social impacts of hydrology regimes and local economic conditions; and (ii) the effectiveness of current coping and adaptation strategies at household and community levels, will be published in book form in FY15.The findings of the Impacts of Climate Risks on Water & Food Security in Indus Basin, which •assessed the impacts of climate risks and various development alternatives on water and food security in the Indus Basin of Pakistan, have been published.The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna River Basin Groundwater Study, which aimed to better •understand the complex processes between surface water and groundwater in the region and to illustrate key issues and concepts critical to the basin, has been published as a paper in the Journal of Water Resources Management.

SAWI PHASE 1


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A summary of Phase 1 outputs for FY14 is provided in Table 8.

Table 8: Summary of SAWI Phase 1 outputs for FY14

Title Output Authors

Ganges Strategy Basin Assessment World Bank Report Sadoff et al.

Framework and Design for a Modernized Hydrological Information System in Bangladesh

Consultant Report Innovative hydrology

The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative: New Model for Green Growth

World Bank Report Tovey& Meijer

India: Sustainable Development of Hydropower – Strengthening Monitoring and Institutional Mechanisms for Appropriate In-Stream Flow

Consultant Report, ASCONIT Consultants & WAPCOS

Baye et al.

Climate Risks on Water & Food Security in Indus Basin World Bank Book Yu et al.

Water Resources Management in the Ganges Basin: A Comparison of Three Strategies for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water

Journal of Water Resources Management

Khan et al.

Monitoring of Glaciers, Climate, and Runoff in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya Mountains

World Bank Report Alford et al.

Small Grants ProgramFollowing the deliberations at the first ADD Knowledge Forum (ADD-KF) in Singapore in 2008 and subsequent discussions during the fourth and fifth ADDs in 2009 and 2010, a Small Grants Program (SGP) was established to support knowledge generation and dissemination activities on the rivers of the Greater Himalayas. The objectives of SGP were to:

Facilitate the quest to increase knowledge about water resources systems and their uses within •the realm of the Greater Himalayas, which are under stress from climate change and other drivers, including population and economic growth;Facilitate collaboration among knowledge institutions from different countries sharing the •rivers of the Greater Himalayas; andSupport their efforts to work together in a collaborative manner. •

The SGP was expected to initiate new knowledge generation, expand current national research activities to extend across boundaries, and disseminate knowledge within the region. Following the program launch in 2011, 40 proposals were received, ranked and reviewed by international technical experts and a Technical Assessment Panel (TAP). The TAP recommended eight proposals for funding.These were shared with the ADD members for comments and suggestions and subsequently approved. The eight proposals were implemented by 16 research institutions (two research institutions from different countries per proposal).

The research activities were completed mid-2013 and the final technical reports were reviewed and subsequently approved by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) reviewers. Additionally, the research organizations produced papers that were reviewed by internationally recognized peer reviewers and subsequently published as a synthesis report titled: “Research Insights on Climate and Water in the Hindu Kush Himalayas”. The report will also be made available on the ICIMOD and SAWI website early FY15.

An independent evaluation to assess the results/effectiveness of the SGP and to provide recommendations on the design and modalities for a potential second phase of the SGP was carried out and has been shared with SAWI donors.


The trust fund financial reports for the FY14 Phase 1 and Phase 2 SAWI Trust Funds (and the life of the funds) are provided in Annexes1 and 2.

Contributions to SAWI II at the end of FY14 total USD 11.3 million. The end of FY fund balance was USD 8.90 million. Total project disbursements to the end of FY14 were USD 1.59 million, of which USD 1.58 million was for FY14 and USD 0.10 million for FY13. Including expenditures for trust fund administration incurred by the SAWI team (including staff time, donor meetings and communications), total disbursements in FY14 were USD 2.13 million, and USD 2.44 million since the date of MDTF inception.Total expenditure to the end of FY14 was thus around 8 percent of total anticipated program contributions. The difference between USD 2.44 million in Annex 1 and the USD 2.22 million in Table 9 is the 2 percent of the contributions to-date that is deducted for central legal and financial trust fund administration.

Although program management costs for FY14 are very high, these funds were primarily used to support communications, outreach and dissemination costs, as the Strategic Communications grant (TF017869, Annex 1) was not established until late in the FY and there was no expenditure against this grant. It is also important to note that the life-of-fund costs for program management are limited to the 7 percent stipulated in the Administrative Agreements; no other monies moved

FINANCIAL REPORT

The Hindu Kush Himalaya in Afghanistan

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Table 9: Summary financial information for the SAWI Phase 2 program and Focus Areas to-date (since date of MDTF inception)

Focus Area Committed to Approved Activities to EOFY (USD

million)

Budgeted Expenditure

to EOFY (USD

million)

Actual Expenditure

to EOFY (USD million)

Actual Expenditure to EOFY as

% of Budget

Actual Expenditure

to EOFY as % of

Approved

Indus Basin 1.19 0.6 0.75 125 63

Ganges Basin

0.35 0.4 0.33 83 94

Brahmaputra Basin

1.40 0.6 0.30 50 21

Sundarbans Landscape

0.15 0.6 <0.01 <1 3

Regional Cross-cutting

0.48 0.4 0.21 53 44

Program Management

0.79 0.3 0.63 210 80

Total 4.36 2.9 2.22 77 51

into TF014265, and thus expenditure against this code will necessarily be less in FY15.

For SAWI I, there was a small investment income for the FY and total (net) disbursements of USD 0.2 million on final activities. The SAWI I Small Grants Program project administered by ICIMOD has been closed with USD 88,000 in unspent monies returned to the trust fund. All SAWI I activities have been closed and the residual funds (USD 3.72 million) transferred to the SAWI II trust fund.

A summary of the financial information for the SAWI II program and individual Focus Areas is presented in Table 9. The data in Table 9 are for expenditure from date of MDTF inception to EOFY14 of the SAWI II trust fund. The expenditure in FY13 was small. Around 14 percent of the total funds have been committed to approve activities. Expenditure to EOFY is 75 percent of the indicative budget in the approved program strategy and 47 percent of commitments to approved activities to EOFY.


Annex 1: SAWI Phase 2: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report

07/01/2013 to

06/30/2014

12/05/2012 (date of inception)

to 06/30/2014

Receipts (Note1)

Cash Contributions 6,833,881.25 11,303,831.24

Investment Income (Note 2) 28,098.68 33,732.68

Total Receipts 6,861,979.93 11,337,563.92

Disbursements (Note 2)

Project Disbursements

Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG

Staff costs (including benefits) (601,026.38) (601,026.38)

Consultant fees (496,827.06) (496,827.06)

Travel expenses (402,121.21) (414,117.98)

Airfare rebate 2,011.45 2,011.45

Media workshop (61,526.42) (62,278.31)

Contractual services (14,727.83) (14,727.83)

Other direct costs (1,501.25) (1,541.65)

Total Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG (1.575,718.70) (1,588,507.76)

Total Project Disbursements (1.575,718.70) (1,588,507.76)

Non-Project Disbursements

Administrative fees and expenses (Note 4)

(557,754.29) (85,129,132)

Total Non-Project Disbursements (557,754.29) (85,129,132)

Total Disbursements (2,133,472.99) (2,439,799.08)

Excess of receipts over disbursements

(disbursements over-receipts) 4,728,506.94 8,897,764.84

Fund Balance

Beginning of period 4,169,257.90 0.00

End of period 8,897,764.84 8,897,764.84

Fund balance consists of

Share in pooled cash and investments 8,897,764.84

Undisbursed Commitments as of 08/07/2014 (Note 5) 2,067,621.78

WORLD BANK GROUPSouth Asia Water Initiative Phase-2 (WORLD BANK REFERENCE 71929) - Multi Donor Fund

Expressed in United States Dollars


31

Status Beneficiary YPU/Div TF Hierarchy TTL Name

Active South Asia SASDI - HIS Trustee Account Ms Nicolette L Bowyer-Walker

Contribution details by Donor

Donor Currency 07/0l/2013 to 06/30/2014

12/05/2012 (date of

inception) to 06/30/2014

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (formerly known as AUSAID)

AUD 0.00 8,000,000.00

Norway – Ministry of Foreign Affairs NOK 18,000,000.00 18,000,000.00

United Kingdom - Department For International Development (DFID)

GBP 0.00 11,500,000.00

Contribution paid-in details by Donor

Donor Currency 07/01/2013 to 06/30/2014

12/05/2012 (date of inception) to 06/30/2014

12/05/2012 (date of inception) to 06/30/2014 In USD Equivalent


AUD 3,000,000.00 5,000,000.00 4,778,499.99

Norway – Ministry of Foreign Affairs NOK 6,000,000.00 6,000,000.00 971,581.25


GBP 2,000,000.00 3,500,000.00 5,553,750.00

Disbursement details by Grant

Grant Grant Name Executed By

Grant Amount

(USD)

07/01/2013 to 06/30/2014

12/05/2012 (date of


TF014265 SAWI Phase-2 Program Administration & Management

Bank 791,268.19 421,076.67 625,214.70

TF014935 SAWI Indus FA Engagement

Bank 330,000.00 220,065.54 232,854.60

TF015001 Concept Note Development Brahmaputra FA

Bank 250,000.00 195,807.53 195,807.53

TF015480 SAWI Ganges FA Bank 350,000.00 326,404.54 326,404.54


Disbursement details by Grant

Grant Grant Name Executed By

Grant Amount

(USD)

07/01/2013 to

06/30/2014

12/05/2012 (date of


Engagement

TF015737 Project Development: Glacier Monitoring in the Upper Indus Basin

Bank 200,000.00 95,549.48 95,549.48

TF015757 SAWI Cross-Cutting Knowledge, Dialogue and Consultation (X-KDC)

Bank 280,000.00 195,778.60 195,778.60

Focus Area Engagement

TF016290 Learning Innovative Approaches to Glacier Monitoring to Address Climate Change Challenges

Bank 214,000.00 212,567.34 212,567.34

TF016291 SAWI Brahmaputra Basin Focus Area

Bank 150,000.00 37,912.24 37,912.24

TF016326 Transboundary Risk Management and Data Sharing

Bank 200,000.00 14,388.66 14,388.66

TF016429 The Brahmaputra River Basin Assessment

Bank 450,000.00 21,686.18 21,686.18

TF016430 Integrated Management of the Kunar River Basin

Bank 450,000.00 204,828.90 204,828.90

TF017032 SAWI Sundarbans FA Engagement

Bank 150,000.00 3,798.13 3,798.13

TF017496 Brahmaputra River Bank Improvement for Flood and Erosion Management

Bank 350,000.00 5,647.80 5,647.80

TF017526 Brahmaputra Integrated Water Resources Management Study Tour

Bank 200,000.00 41,283.76 41,283.76

TF017869 SAWI Strategic Communications Bank 0 0 0

Notes:1. This statement is prepared on the modified cash basis of accounting.2. Investment income is not credited to any trust fund where the daily fund balance is less than USD equivalent $5,000.3. Other costs (where applicable) represent all disbursements incurred prior to July 2000.4. Administrative fees are generally collected from the trust fund in the same month in which contributions arereceived, however for administrative purposes, collection of fees may occur in the month following receipt of thecontribution.5. Amounts committed relate to the amounts yet to be disbursed for active and pending recipient executed grantagreements and the undisbursed balance of bank executed trust funds.6. Where applicable, amounts displayed against “staff costs (including benefits)” and “consultant fees” include charges to cover the cost of benefits and general communication, facilities and IT costs unless otherwise specified in the Administration Agreement for the Trust Fund.


33

Annex 2: SAWI Phase 1: Unaudited Trust Fund Financial Report

07/01/2013 to 06/30/2014

11/26/2008 (date of


Receipts (Note 1)

Cash Contributions 0.00 13,754,474.14

Investment Income (Note 2) 14,584.97 124,597.68

Transfers within Hierarchy 126,136.20 991,326.79

Contributions via Transfers (126,136.20) (991,326.79)

Other Receipts 0.00 5,169.35

Total Receipts 14,584.97 13,884,241.17

Disbursements (Note 1)

Project Disbursements

Disbursements to Grantee 88,353.60 (911,646.40)

Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG

Staff costs (including benefits) (119,431.50) (3,292,503.72)

Consultant fees (159,631 29) -3,653,879.95

Travel expenses (12,905.22) (1,488,708.87)

Airfare rebate 549.6 43,385.87

Equipment costs 0.00 (1,353.03)

Media workshop (600) (219,896.99)

Contractual services 0.00 (108,030.64)

Other direct costs (46.33) (26.374.43)

Total Direct Costs Disbursed by WBG (292,064.74) (8,747,361.76)

Total Project Disbursements (203,711.14) (9,659,008.16)

Non-Project Disbursements

Administrative fees and expenses (Note 4) 0.00 (503,274.94)

Total Non-Project Disbursements 0.00 (503,274.94)

Total Disbursements (203,711.14) (10,162,283.10)

Excess of receipts over-disbursements (189,126.17) 3,721,958.07

(Disbursements over-receipts)

Fund Balance

Beginning of period 3,911,084.24 0.00

End of period 3,721,958.07 3,721,958.07

Fund balance consists of

Share in pooled cash and investments 3,721,958.07

Undisbursed Commitments as of 08/07/2014 (Note 5)

307,176.27

WORLD BANK GROUPSouth Asia Water Initiative Phase-2 (WORLD BANK REFERENCE 71929) - Multi Donor Fund

Expressed in United States Dollars


Status Beneficiary YPU/Div TF Hierarchy TTL Name

Active South Asia SASDI-HIS Trustee Accouut Ms Nicolette L Bowyer-Walker

Contribution details by Donor

Donor Currency 07/01/2013 to 06/30/2014

11/26/2008 (date of inception) to

06/30/2014


AUD 0.00 7,000,000.00

Norway - Ministry of Foreign Affairs NOK 0.00 18,000,000.00


GBP 0.00 2,442,000.00

Contribution details by paid-in Donor

Donor Currency 07/01/2013 to

06/30/2014

11/26/2008 (date of


11/26/2008 (date of inception) to

06/30/2014 In USD

Equivalent


AUD 0.00 7,000,000.00 6,949,550.00

Norway - Ministry of Foreign Affairs

NOK 0.00 18,000,000.00 3,044,485.92


GBP 0.00 2,442,000.00 3,760,438.22

Notes:1. This statement is prepared on the modified cash basis of accounting.2. Investment income is not credited to any trust fund where the daily fund balance is less than USD equivalent $5,000.3. Other costs (where applicable) represent all disbursements incurred prior to July 2000.4. Administrative fees are generally collected from the trust fund in the same month in which contributions arereceived, however for administrative purposes, collection of fees may occur in the month following receipt of thecontribution.5. Amounts committed relate to the amounts yet to be disbursed for active and pending recipient executed grantagreements and the undisbursed balance of bank executed trust funds.6. Where applicable, amounts displayed against “staff costs (including benefits)” and “consultant fees” include charges to cover the cost of benefits and general communication, facilities and IT costs unless otherwise specified in the Administration Agreement for the Trust Fund.


35

Annex 3: South Asia Water Initiative (SAWI) Results Framework 2014-17

This results framework is for Phase 2 of SAWI. The Phase 2 Trust Fund became active on December 11, 2012. In the early months of Phase 2, and for the first DFID annual review in December 2013, performance was assessed against an earlier results framework. This revision is based on the earlier framework, but is clarified, simplified and updated to be more realistic and to reflect all donor perspectives.

DefinitionsGovernance process: formal or semi-formal ongoing governmental processes (including treaties, policies, agreements, MoUs, etc.) for making or operationalizing water management decisions. Includes processes for water data/information sharing, water planning, operational management and monitoring, as well as for negotiation and/or dispute resolution.

Participatory process: interactive process across multiple sectors (government organizations, non-governmental organizations, representatives, civil society, research community, media) for sharing, receiving and exchanging information with relevant stakeholders on a regular basis; securing widest possible engagement of relevant stakeholders to inform community, or authority or both.

Knowledge product: published book, report, paper, webpage or website that presents new knowledge relevant to the management of the Himalayan River systems.

Feasibility study: documented assessment of the practicality of a proposed plan or method.

Intervention: infrastructure or other investment project (for example, ecosystem restoration work), water or environmental management policy, guideline or plan.

Stakeholders: decision makers, government representatives, affected communities, academia, media, civil society, opinion leaders with interest or stake in basin/landscape scale water management and/or regional cooperation.

Organization capacity: infrastructure/equipment and human resources (quantity and expertise) that enable an organization to fulfil its responsibilities.


Outcome and Result IndicatorsProgram Development Objective Outcome indicators for PDO

To increase regional cooperation in the management of the Himalayan River systems to deliver sustainable, fair and inclusive development and climate resilience

A1. Governance: Number of existing or new bilateral or multilateral governance processes that support cooperative water management that have been informed by SAWI activities

B1. Investments: Value of investments secured though bilateral or multilateral governance processes and that have been informed by SAWI activities

B2. Investments: Quality of the planning processes underpinning new investments in terms of either (i) the breadth and strength of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger technical basis for investment designs, and/or (iii) the pace at which investment designs are agreed

Intermediate results Results indicators

1. Trust and confidence in regional or basin water management increased by processes

2. Stakeholder input to government decision making strengthened by participatory processes that facilitate transboundary knowledge generation and sharing

3. Capacity of water resources organizations strengthened in areas relevant to transboundary cooperation

1.1 Number of regional and basin/landscapes facilitated or supported by SAWI

2.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or sub-basin level participatory processes that support transboundary knowledge generation and sharing and stakeholder input to government decision making


3.2 Number of water management organizations with policy or technical capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI activities in areas relevant to basin-scale planning or regional cooperation

4. Regional, basin or sub-basin-level knowledge increased and accessible to stakeholders, including decision makers

5. Regional, basin or sub-basin-level interventions designed to improve livelihoods and ecosystem sustainability

4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or sub-ba-sin-level knowledge products produced and shared with key stakeholders, including decision makers



37

Program and Focus Area Indicator Targets

Program Level Target Values

Target Values Data Collection

Outcome indicators FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 and Reporting

A1. Number of existing or new bilateral or multilateral governance processes that support cooperative water management that have been informed by SAWI activities

0 0 1 3 1 SAWI Program Leader

B1. Investments: Value (USD billion) of investments secured though bilateral or multilateral governance processes that have been informed by SAWI activities

0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 SAWI Program Leader

B2. Investments: Quality of the planning processes underpinning new investments in terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger technical basis for investment designs, and/or (iii) the pace at which investment designs are agreed

Low Low Med Med High SAWI Program Leader

Results indicators


3 5 5 5 5 Focus Area Leader





3.2 Number of key water management organizations with policy or technical capacity significantly strengthened by SAWI activities in areas relevant to basin scale planning or regional cooperation


4.1 Number of regional, basin/landscape or sub-basin-level knowledge products produced and shared with key stakeholders, including decision makers





Indus Focus Area Target Values

Target Values

Outcome indicators FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18


0 0 0 1 0


0 0 0 0 0.3


Low Low Low Low High

Results indicators


2 1 1 1 1


0 1 0 0 0


0 5 5 5 0


0 0 1 1 0


1 1 1 1 1


0 0 1 0 1


39

Ganges Focus Area Target Values

Target Values



0 0 0 1 0

B1. Investments: Number (USD billion) of investments secured though bilateral or multilateral governance processes that have been informed by SAWI activities

0 0 0 0.2 0

B2. Investments: Number of the planning processes underpinning new investments in terms of either: (i) the breadth and strength of stakeholder consultation, (ii) a stronger technical basis for investment designs, and/or (iii) the pace at which investment designs are agreed

Low Low Low Med Med

Results indicators


0 1 1 1 1


0 1 0 1 0


0 10 10 10 0


0 1 0 2 0


0 2 2 2 2


0 0 1 0 1


Brahmaputra Focus Area Target Values

Target Values



0 0 0 1 0


0 0.1 0 0 0.2


Low Low Low Low Med

Results indicators


0 1 1 1 1


1 0 1 0 1

3.1 Number of professionals trained in the aspects water of management, water policy or water diplomacy relevant to basin scale planning and management or regional cooperation

8 5 5 5 0


0 0 0 1 1


1 2 1 2 1


0 2 0 2 1


41

Sundarbans Focus Area Target Values

Target Values



0 0 1 0 0


0 0 0.2 0 0


Low Low Med Med Med

Results indicators


1 1 1 1 1


0 0 1 1 0


0 5 5 5 0


0 0 1 0 1


0 1 2 1 2


0 0 2 2 2


Regional Cross-cutting Focus Area Target Values

Target Values



0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0

Results indicators


0 1 1 1 1


0 0 0 0 0


12 15 25 25 20


0 1 0 0 0


1 2 2 2 4


0 0 0 0 0


43

Annex 4: SAWI Publications

This list includes publications funded entirely or partially with SAWI resources, including funding through the SAWI Phase 1 Trust Fund.

Accessible at: www.southasiawaterinitiative.org.

Books and Reports

Alford D, Archer D, Bookhagen B, Grabs W, Halvorson S, Hewitt K, Immerzeel W, Kamp U and Krumwiede B (2014). Monitoring of Glaciers, Climate, and Runoff in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya Mountains.Washington DC: World Bank. 124pp.

Grey D, Sadoff C and Connors G (2009). Beyond the River: A Practitioner’s Perspective. In: SIWI Water Front Magazine No 1, pp8–10.

Grey D, Sadoff C and Connors G (2009). Effective Cooperation on Transboundary Waters: A Practical Perspective. In: Jägerskog A and Zeitoun M (Eds.) (2009) Getting Transboundary Water Right: Theory and Practice for Effective Cooperation. SIWI Report No. 25, pp15–18.

Khan M R, Voss C I, Yu W and Michael H A (2013). Water Resources Management in the Ganges Basin: A Comparison of Three Strategies for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water. Water Resources Management, 28(5), 1235–1250.

Pahuja S (2010). Deep Wells and Prudence: Towards Pragmatic Action for Addressing Groundwater Overexploitation in India. Washington DC: World Bank.97pp.

O’Donnell A, and Wodon Q (in press). Climate Risks and Adaptations in the Sundarbans. Earthscan

Rajashekariah K, Kaushal N and Bhowmik S (2012). Good Environmental Practices of Hydropower in India, Nepal and Bhutan. WWF.

Sanchez-Triana E, Paul T, Ortolano L and Ruitenbacck J (Eds.) (2014). Building Resilience for Sustainable Development of Sundarbans through Estuary Management, Poverty Reduction and Biodiversity Conservation. Strategy Report, Report No. 88061 – IN. Washington DC: World Bank. 273pp.

Tovey C and Meijer S (2014). The Bangladesh Responsible Sourcing Initiative: New Model for Green Growth. Washington DC: World Bank. 80pp.

Vaidya R A and Sharma E (2014). Research Insights on Climate and Water in the Hindu Kush Himalayas.Integration Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. 175pp.

World Bank (2014). Ganges Strategic Basin Assessment: A Discussion of Regional Opportunities and Risks.Report No. 67668-SAS. Washington DC: World Bank. 112pp.

Yu W, Yang Y C, Savitsky A, Alford D, Brown C, Wescoat J, Debowicz D and Robinson S (2013).Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Food Security in the Indus.Washington DC: World Bank. 165pp.


Infographics and Documentaries

TMMT Production. Bangladesh Sundarbans: Helping Local Communities. Accessible at: www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2014/06/25/bangladesh-sundarbans-helping-local-communities

TMMT Production. Bangladesh: Preserving Biodiversity in the Sundarbans. Accessible at: www.worldbank.org/en/news/video/2014/06/25/preserving-biodiversity-sundarbans


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