South American Colonization
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Transcript of South American Colonization
South American Colonies
Guiding questions How did Spain and Portugal agree to share the new
territory?
How did Spain and Portugal treat the natives?
How were the natives affected by the Europeans?
What were the natural resources they found?
Who were the Jesuits and how did they effect colonization?
How did Spain govern their colonial territory?
Christopher Columbus Convinced the king and queen of Spain to fund his
exploration of new trade routes to India
Columbus is given rights, by the church, to control all the new American territory
Spain and Portugal compete for new territory
Treaty of Tordesillas Pope tries to keep the peace between the two by
dividing up the new territory using longitude
Spain focuses all it’s efforts in the New World, west of the treaty line
Meanwhile, Portugal sends most of it’s fleet to Asia
Laws of Burgos Natives had been treated badly in the West Indies,
therefore…
Spain made laws about the treatment of the natives in the Amercias, in 1512
Natives were not to be treated “badly”
Rather, Natives should be converted to Catholicism, and are not allowed to practice some of their own beliefs (such as poligamy)
Also, Natives and colonists should live together in harmony
Unfortunately… The Laws of Burgos were poorly
enforced and mostly ignored
In 1530 silver was found in Mexico, and in 1545 silver was found in Bolivia
With these discoveries, all the intended good treatment of the natives was forgotten in their greed!
The White Man’s Disease
Some of the African slaves brought by Columbus to be used on the sugar plantation of the West Indies carried the smallpox virus. In 1495, fifty-seven to eighty percent of the native population of Santa Domingo, and in 1515, two-thirds of the Indians of Puerto Rico were wiped out by smallpox. Ten years after
When Cortez arrived in Mexico, the native population dropped from 25 million to 6 million; a reduction of 64%.
Spain in South America Driven by GOLD, GOD, AND GLORY!!
Balboa set up the first colony in South America (Columbia) in 1502 along the west coast
Colonists were looking for gold and other natural resources to exploit
Priests (Franciscan, Dominican, and Jesuit) were sent to convert the natives, by order of the church
How it worked… Spain sets up two viceroys
to govern the colonies. These viceroys were wealthy friends of the king who were given permission to govern any way they chose.
The viceroy’s mission was to: govern large areas and do the will of the crown.
These viceroys were often corrupt and did not govern justly. (This corruption later leads to revolt!)
Viceroy Alba
The Jesuits The Jesuit priests
controlled “reduction centers” where the natives could be easily converted, taxed, and governed
Jesuits are forced to leave because they blocked the greedy efforts of the Spanish!
Spain begins to weaken…
Spain’s military begins to weaken because they lost the war with England, Holland, and France
Spain is also distracted by the Spanish Inquisition
Lost the monopoly of natural resources
Therefore, Colonies grow more independent from Spain
This sets the stage for future revolts against Spain
Portugal Cabral discovers the
east coast of present-day Brazil while trying to find a water route to India
However, Portugal ignored it for 25 years, while it established more control over the East Indies.
However, they did desire the natural resources of wood and sugar
This led to establishing colonies, enslaving the natives as well as importing slaves from Africa.
Portuguese colonists and Jesuits from Brazil settle west of the treaty line to search for converts and new land aquisitions
Do You Remember? How did Spain and Portugal agree to share the new
territory?
How did Spain and Portugal treat the natives?
How were the natives affected by the Europeans?
What were the natural resources they found?
Who were the Jesuits and how did they effect colonization?
How did Spain govern their colonial territory?