Soujanya
Transcript of Soujanya
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BY:
M.SOUJANYA 3rd BCCA
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Introduction toIntroduction to
ParapsychologyParapsychology
Definition
ESP (extra sensory perception)
Kinds of ESP Precognition Psychokinesis Psychokinesis
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ParapsychologyParapsychologyPara = “at the side of…”
Psychological phenomenon that goes beyond the main area of psychological knowledge and interest
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ParapsychologyParapsychology
ESP (extra sensory perception)
◦Perception of objects or events through means other than the sensory organs
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Kinds of ESPKinds of ESPPrecognition
◦The ability to know about events before they occur
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Kinds of ESPKinds of ESP
Psychokinesis◦The ability to make
objects move by thinking of them as moving
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Kinds of ESPKinds of ESP
Telepathy◦The direct
transmission of thoughts or ideas from person to person without anything being spoken or written down
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Kinds of ESPKinds of ESP
Clairvoyance◦The ability to perceive
objects that are out of the range of human senses i.e. – sensing the location of a missing child
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Testing ESP
“Because a good magician can do something shouldn't make you right away jump to the conclusion that it's a real phenomenon.” - Richard Feynman
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Bem and Honorton’s Ganzfeld Studies
Uri Geller
J. B. Rhine
Pearce-Pratt Series
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Testing ESP
"Exteriorization of Sensitiveness."
A photograph of the sensitive was taken and the negative was then held by her a few moments. The operator, with a pin, scratched the hand on the negative. Instantly the sensitive ejaculated with pain, and a small red spot appeared on the back of her hand. This rapidly grew into the blister shown on the next slide.
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What the Skeptics Say
Most of the evidence for ESP is anecdotal and is dismissed by skeptics as based on one or more of the following:
Incompetence or fraud by parapsychologists Cold reading Subjective validation Selective thinking and Confirmation bias Poor grasp of probabilities and of the law of truly large
numbersNot falsifiableGullibility, self-deception, and wishful thinking
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After thousands of experiments, a reproducible ESP phenomenon has never been discovered, or has anyone produced any individual who can convincingly demonstrate psychic ability.
A National Research Council investigation of ESP concluded that "the best available evidence does not support the contention that these phenomena exist.”
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U. S. National Research Council (1988)A 2 year study concluded there was no
scientific justification from research conducted over 130 years for the existence of parapsychological phenomena.
“the best scientific evidence does not justify that ESP -that is, gathering information about objects or thoughts without the intervention of known sensory mechanisms- exists.”
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ACKNOWLDGEMENT
•I am very thankful to Correspondent and also for Mr.Prasad Sir, Ms. Nalini Madam,
•My special thanks to my parents and my friends.
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