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` Doordarshan kendra serving an individualorganization which plays an important role in TVscinema

` It provides free to air channels DD-1,DD-NEWSand many more

` It originates the programmes and telecast on thechannel

` The inauguration of transmitter at patna was doneon april 27,1975 by Sh I.K Gujaral union ministerof information and broadcasting

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` STUDIO

` TRANSMITTER

` EARTH STATION

` ENG` NLE

` OB VAN

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` Television signals for broadcasting are originated

by cameras ,recorded at the studios and replayed

by video tape recorders, mixed in studio vision

mixers and finally distributed for transmission.` Action In this includes staging, lightening,

performance by artists .

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` There are three different studios :-

Studio A

Studio BStudio C

` Studio A is largest studio in comparison to B & C

used for main recordings (like for the program me

LISHKARA and STAR NIGHT)` Studio B is used for the live programme like

discussions, news & sajjari sawer.

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` Studio C is the last studio.

` It is used ocassionly.

` Studios are acoustic treated to provide goodquality of sound.

` Very efficient air conditioning is required for the

heat dissipation by the studio lights.

` There is three setup of cameras in the studio A.` Studio warning lights and safety devices like fire

alarm system and fire fighting equipments.

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` This stands for central apparatus room.

` Car is basically a channel or path through which

the video signal pass.

` All studio has its own CCU ie. camera control unit.

` PCR ie panel control room

` The no. or model of video consol is PDS 9000.

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` Eng stands for electronic news gathering.

` The purpose of eng is to gather news from

different outside locations.

` Cameras used in eng section are small and lightweight.

` These cameras are called camcoders.

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` The cameras used in ENG have three sections :-

A camera lens and optics:- to form optical image

A transducer or pick up device:- to convert optical

image into electrical signal.

Electronics:- to process the output of transducer.

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` VTR room is provided at each studio center. It

houses at least two console type 1videotape

recorders (VTRs) and a few Broadcast standard

Videocassette recorders (VCRs). In theserecorders, sound and video signals are recorded

simultaneously on the same tape.

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` These are the VTR used to see the previews.

` Control panel is below them from where all thecontrol are managed

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` It is basically related to editing.

` There are two types of editings.1. Linear editing.

2. Non linear editing.

` Softwares used in non linear editing.

` For news editing Velocity 6.0 is used.

` For graphics MOV CG 2003 n Adobe photoshop.

` For programme editing velocity 8.0 and FCP

(final cut pro)

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` Leatch server used in graphics section.

` It can record the programmes upto 24 hrs and

more.

` With this leatch server we can play and record the

programmes simultaneously.

` It consists of 3 recorders and players.

`

Video logger is also used. Its can record theprogrammes upto 3 months.

` It is for making a backup any pro.

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Problem with Linear Editing

1) Editing is sequential first shot first

2) Long hours spent on rewinding of tapes , search

3)

of material4) Potential risk of damage to original footage

5) Difficult to insert a new shot in an edit

6) Difficult to experiment with Variations

7)

Quality loss more in analog; even with digital8) Limited Compositing, effects, color correction

9) Capability

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` This is known as direct satellite news gathering.

`

It works simultaneously with OB van.` Its also called as mobile earth station.

` The dish can be aligned acc to the requirement.

` Monitors are available in this van to check the

telecast.` High power ups are also available in this van.

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` It is the major section.

` Epuipment operates in frequency range of

5.85Ghz to 6.42Ghz for transmit.

` And for receiving 3.625Ghz to 4.2Ghz.` The antenna consists of lna, antenna control unit,

reciever, up convertor system, high power

amplifier.

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` Transmission system carries digital base band

system signals from studio to earth station site to

minimize the noise interface.

` The base band system is monitered and control

through a base band NMS PC.

` It also comprises of digital multiplexers and digital

modulators.` The compression segment comprises of MPEG

encoders for providing redundancy.

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`

A fiber optics connectivity to two SDI video and twoAES audio signals.

` System configured in mcpc(2+1) MODE.

` Base band processing fully digital inc I/P video and

audio signal` Digital encodeing sys complaint to MPEG.

` Single point remote monitoring for video and audio.

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`

There are different racks in DD.` These the racks used to have a smooth flow of

signals.

` Like video, audio RF and control so as to cabling

length b/w the racks.` A fiber optics link of 200mts with NMS control

cable for base band is provided b/w the studio and

earth station.

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Output from the switcher goes to stabilizing amplifier via PP and VDAs.

Output from the stab. Is further distributed to various destinations. It maybe noted that the use of VDAs helps to monitor the video signal at differentlocations and the use of PP is very helpful for emergency arrangementsduring breakdowns and trouble shooting.

A separate monitoring bus is provided in CCU, LCU and END CONTROLwith sources as.

END CONTROL also has a remote for the adjustment of levels etc. in theSTAB AMP unit. R

out for the other sources is similar to this and can be understood from theblock schematic.

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We would finally like to conclude by saying that the

two weeks that we spent at Doordarshan

Kendra,Patna was time well spent.We got to learn

about a few technological concepts in the field of

Mass communication.We would take this opportunity

to thank our teachers at Doordarshan.

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` Wikipedia

` Doordarshan website- www.ddindia.gov.in