Solar technologies you can use in your Indian home

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Rooftop Power for Green HomesPresented by Presented by

The Sun offers more energy in a quarter of an hour than the entire world can use in a whole year….

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Tapping Solar Power…

Solar Photo Voltaic Systems (LIGHT)– Use for generation Electricity– The fastest growing power generation technologies in

the world– Worldwide penetration in over 100 countries

Solar Thermal Systems (HEAT)– Used for Heating applications– A sustainable and most economical way to heat water

for residential or commercial purposes

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• Solar Thermal• Solar PV• Energizing Rooftops

Agenda

SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEMS

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Sustainable and Economical solution to heat water

Technology Options

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Flat Plate Collectors

Evacuated Tube Collectors

Concentrating or Parabolic Collectors

Technology Options (Residential)

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Flat Plat Collectors Evacuated Tube CollectorsInsulated plates under one or more glass polymer covers

Rows of transparent glass tubes and inner metal tubes

More robust and longer life Not as rugged as flat plate collectors

More expensive due to copper content

Less expensive

Efficiency of 40% Efficiency of 45%

Performance is affected in overcast conditions

Performance is not affected in overcast conditions

Lower Absorber gross area Higher absorber gross area

Additional Options

Re-circulating Pump– Useful for getting instant hot-water– Important if tap to water tank distance is significant (eg: flat is in the

lower floor of complex, or tank serves multiple apartments)

Heating Element– Heating element for days when sunshine is poor or water usage is very

high– Heating element fitted in the water-tank with a manual turn on/off

switch (can be automated with some logic for large installations)

Hard Water – heat exchanger option– If water is hard (> 200ppm), then life of Solar Water Heater is affected– Better to have a “heat exchanger” where the heating fluid is different

from the water that is finally used

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Agenda

SOLAR ROOF TOP PV‘Generating free power while the sun shines’

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Working of a Solar PV system – Off Grid

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The SunThe Sun

InverterInverter AC LoadsAC Loads

AC

GRID Power

AC

GRID Power

Electrons in upper layer of wafer substance get excited, causing voltage difference from lower layer of wafer


Charge controller charges the batteries during sunlight and controls the charging levels


Solar Power from the batteries is used as a “first priority”


In the event the Solar Power runs out, the AC Mains /GRID takes over


Sun’s rays light up the upper layer of wafer substance in Solar PV cell module


Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause s electric current to be generated, which is sent through cables to charge controller


The batteries supplies power to the inverter, which supplies AC to the loads


Charge

Controller

Charge

Controller

DC Loads are directly powered from the batteries


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--

ee

Working of a Solar PV system – Grid Tied

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The SunThe Sun





++

--

ee

AC LoadsAC LoadsAC

GRID Power

AC

GRID Power

Inverter synchronized with the grid Grid and reduces Grid power usage to the Loads

Inverter synchronized with the grid Grid and reduces Grid power usage to the Loads

InverterInverter

Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause electric current to be generated, which is sent through wiring to inverter

Voltage difference between wafer layers in module cause electric current to be generated, which is sent through wiring to inverter

August 2012 Presentation to BESCOM by U-SOLAR 13

Key Differences between Two SystemsFeature Grid Tie System Off Grid System

Working Pumps directly into grid Manager Solar, Battery, Load and Grid

Storage None - Separate Home Inverter System needed

Battery Bank to store extra power

Costs Cheaper due to simpler inverter and no storage

Higher due to more sophisticated solar inverter and storage

Maintenance Less (no batteries) Higher (due to batteries)

Backup Power

Must be another UPS or DG

Part of the system

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Working of a Solar PV system – Hybrid System

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The SunThe Sun

InverterInverter AC LoadsAC Loads

AC

GRID Power

AC

GRID Power















Charge

Controller

Charge

Controller



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--

ee

Excess Power is fed back to the grid

Excess Power is fed back to the grid

System Components: Solar Panels• These are normally located on the

roof of the building mounted on MS / Stainless Structures

• They can also be mounted on sloping roofs (tiled or otherwise)

• Ideally they should face the South, but East or West is also possible

• Approximate space is about 130 sqft / kw of installation

• They are interconnected to a certain voltage using special DC cables. The voltage depend on the configuration

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System Components: Inverter• The inverter is the “brains” behind the

system and manages power from different source

• A hybrid inverter marries different sources of power – solar, battery and grid and feeds the load

• It senses the load requirements, the available Solar and Grid Power and feeds the load

• The inverter must be rated to support the peak load of the facility

• It can be programmed to maximize the use of solar power as well as provide backup power 16

System Components: Battery Bank• These are special Solar Lead Acid

Batteries with special charging / discharging characteristics

• These store the solar power for usage

• The size of the storage is determined by the duration of backup power that is required

• These need to be maintained with regular checkup (4 – 6 months)

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Agenda

Thrust on Solar Energy in India

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission ( JNNSM)

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Key HighlightsKey Highlights

- Targets 20 GW of Solar Power generation by 2022

- 1st phase of JNNSM includes 200 MW of Roof top PV &

- Targets 7 Mn. sq.m. of SWH installations by 2013

- 30% capital subsidy and/or soft loan option @5% interest rates

*Generation Based Incentive

Rooftop Solar: Net Metering is the Key

Generate while the sun-shines and earn revenue.

Draw from the grid when you need it

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The Importance of Net Metering

• Zero liability on the Utility… ie. Government does not need to do anything other than define the specifications and framework No Revenue outflow

• Solar Power at Utility scale cannot compete with Coal / Hydel w/o government support… however..

• Solar Power at Retail level is now “grid competitive”– Commercial tariff in Karnataka @ 7.5 / kwh– Rooftop Solar can be made available at similar rates

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Urban Vision for Solar – “Net Zero” Homes

• All Residential rooftops can have solar PV systems ranging from 1kw upwards

• Simple Math:– 100,000 homes in Bangalore install an average of 2 kw

each (total space per 2kw ~ 300 sqft)– Total installed capacity 200 MW– This is about 20 – 30% of Bangalore’s residential

requirement

• These generators will supply power to the grid during the day and draw back

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What is required from the Government

• Enable net-metering policy– Define the standards and safety mechanisms– Define the process (who reads the meters, how, etc)– Define the billing mechanism

[ No Cost to the Government]The rest will be taken care of by the citizens !

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Net Metering Policies in India

• Tamilnadu has allowed Net Metering since 2012– However standards notified only in Nov ‘2013– Applicable for residential customers

• Andhra has allowed net metering now– Subsidy for residential customers

• No proper news from Karnataka

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Capital Subsidy Info

• For residential, only upto 1 kw, 30% subsidy was available (for commercial this is 100kw)

• However, NO new projects have been approved since April 2013

• Some developers were offering system net of subsidy.. But that is now being withdrawn

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Mahalakshmi, HSR Layout [Bangalore]

PV Modules - 2kWp Inverter - 2.6kVA Battery Bank - 1200Ah

BCIL, [Bangalore]

Sadashiv Nagar office PV Modules - 2kWp Battery Bank - 600Ah

Dodbellapur site PV Modules - 2kWp Inverter – 3 KVA Battery Bank - 600Ah

P G Ganapathy, Good Earth [Bangalore]

PV Modules - 1.4kWp Inverter - 2.3kVA Battery Bank - 800Ah

Rajesh – Hulimavu [Bangalore]

PV Modules - 2kWp Inverter – 3 kVA Battery Bank - 800Ah

Vishwannath Associates, Bangalore

PV Modules - 4 kWp Inverter - 5kVA Battery Bank - 720Ah

Tribal Hospital [Gudalur, TN]

PV Modules – 7 kWp Inverter – 2 x 3.7 kVA Battery Bank - 2400Ah

25 Kw Westin Hotel, Mindspace [Hyderabad]

Ananda Vikatan – 25 kw[Chennai]

PV Modules – 25 kWp Inverter – 24 kw

Solar technologies you can use in your Indian home

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