Determine the basic sociologicalfoundations of education whichwould help us become sociallyaware of our responsibilities notonly to ourselves but to our societyas well.

Sociology and the Socialization Process

What do we mean by “Sociology”?

What is Sociology?

The term “Sociology” isderived from the Latin“Socius” which means “socialor being with others”; andthe Greek “logos” whichmeans “study”.

Therefore, the term“Sociology” basically meansthe “study of social beings”.

In other words, “Sociology isthe science of society andthe social interactionstaking place within it.”

SOCIALIZATION

Socialization is the processwhereby an individual learns toappreciate the meaning andvalues that exist in the culture atlarge and eventually internalizessuch beliefs and values as guidesfor human conduct.

SOCIALIZATION

STRUCTURAL

PERSPECTIVE

INTERPERSONAL

PERSPECTIVE

STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Socialization is viewed fromthe very structure orpositions with correspondingroles that are made available bythe members of a particularsocial unit.

Society

SCHOOL

FAMILY

CHURCHOTHERS

MOTHERFATHER

CHILDREN

THE STRUCTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Roles from the Structural Perspective

1. Life Cycle

2. Ascribed and Achieved Roles

These are recognized rolesattached to every cycle orstage of life that we gothrough.

Life Cycle

Ascribed roles– those thatcome with positions that areattributed to individuals bysociety, and these roles areplayed according to society’sexpectations.

Ascribed Roles

Achieved roles– those thatwe attain because we desireto do so and because we arecapable of them.

Achieved Roles

Roles expected to us in allsettings can be classified asfollows:

1. Primary Roles

2. Secondary Roles

3. Tertiary Roles

These are the roles we play allthe time, such as sex role.

1. Primary Roles

These refer to roles that areplayed in some, but not allsettings, and which form alarge and important part ofwhat we learn.

2. Secondary Roles

These are the roles that areplayed only in one setting.

3. Tertiary Roles

1. Socialization, from thestructural viewpoint, isundergone by an individual,in the positions and roles thatcorrespond to such, that areattribute by the social unit(s).

2. Man exposed to a life cycleof positions and roles whichimplies that socialization is alifetime process.

3. Roles vary according topositions, just as positionsmay vary. Socialization,therefore, is a process ofadaptation.

THE INTERPERSONAL PERSPECTIVE

Roles from the Interpersonal Perspective

1. Mutual Steering

2. Sanctions

3. Consensus or Conflict

4. Device

This is the process of givingand soliciting feedbackbetween two or moreindividuals, for the purposeof stimulating each or oneanother.

1. Mutual Steering

These are measures appliedto guarantee that anindividual behaves accordingto expectations.

2. Sanctions

SANCTIONS

PUNISHMENTSREWARDS

PHYSICAL

MATERIAL

IMMATERIAL

Consensus refers to the wayof upholding a system ofvalues and behaviors inagreement with others.

3.1 Consensus

Conflict refers to thesituation in which there is adisagreement between oramong people.

3.2 Conflict

This refers to individuals whonever behave according toexpectations of others, or toall those whose behaviors falloutside of the social norms.

4. Device

SOCIALIZATION INTO SOCIETY

Socialization can beconsidered as a molding andas a creating process, inwhich the culture of thegroup is transmitted to theinfant, and in which thethoughts, inner feelings andbehaviors of the growing

individual gradually developon the basis of that culture orset of values of the group towhich he belongs.

The General Pattern of the Individual’s Socialization into

Society

1. He learns to appreciateshared beliefs, meanings andvalues that exists and he usesthese as guides for his ownconduct.

2. As he grows older, he takeson roles and learns to behaveaccording to expectations ofthe group or groups to whichhe belongs. This process ofplaying his roles is facilitatedby his interactions withothers.

3. As he learns how to playhis roles in accordance withother’s expectations, he alsobecomes more skillful ininteracting with otherpeople, thus learning notonly the ways of hisimmediate culture but of alarger society.