SOCIAL STUDIES

Grade Six

Term 1

TOPIC: Our World

SUB-TOPIC: Continents Our world is spherical in shape.

Map of the World showing Seas, Oceans and Continents

The earth is made up of :

Oceans

Seas

Continents / landmasses

Landmasses/ Continents

What is a continent?

A continent is a large mass of land. It may be made up of one country or a number of countries.

There are seven continents in the world.

1. Asia

2. Europe

3. Africa

4. South America

5. Antarctica

6. Australia

7. North America

Map of the world showing the seven (7) continents

Some facts about the continents

Asia

Asia is the largest continent.

It covers almost one third of the earth

Mount Everest, the highest mountain in the world, is found in Asia.

It has 49 countries.

Map of the world showing the countries in Asia

Russia is the largest country in the world, it is found in Asia

and Europe but most of it is found in Asia.

The smallest country is Maldives.

China is the most populated country in the world.

Our fore parents – the Amerindians, East Indians and the Chinese came from the continent of

Asia.

Map of the world showing the countries in Africa

Africa

Africa is the second largest continent in the world.

Our fore- parents the Africans – came from this continent

Africa is made up of fifty -two (52) independent countries.

The largest country in Africa is Sudan.

The smallest country in Africa is Seychelles.

The Sahara Desert is found in the continent of Africa.

Map of the world showing the countries in North America

North America

North America is a continent which is located entirely on the

northern and western hemisphere.

Is the 3rd

largest continent in the world.

It includes among others:

1. The United States of America (USA)

2. Canada

3. Mexico

4. Countries in Central America

5. The Caribbean islands and various other countries.

The largest country in North America is Canada.

The smallest country in North America is St. Kitts and Nevis.

The largest state is Alaska.

The largest city is New York.

Map showing Central America

Map of the world showing the continent of South America

South America

Is the fourth largest continent.

Is made up of 13 countries.

Largest Country: Brazil.

Largest City: Sao Paolo in Brazil.

Smallest Country: Suriname.

Longest River: Amazon River.

Highest Mountain: Aconcagua in Argentina.

Countries in South America that are located in the Northern

Hemisphere:

1. Venezuela

2. Guyana

3. Suriname

4. French Guiana and (the northern regions of) Ecuador,

Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil

Map of the world showing Antarctica

Antarctica

Is the 5th

largest continent in the world.

Is the coldest and is covered almost completely by ice.

Is known as the frozen continent.

It covers and surround the south pole.

Map of the world showing the continent of Europe

Europe

Europe is the 6th

largest continent.

Our fore parents – the Europeans and Portuguese came

from the continent of Europe.

The largest country is Ukraine.

The smallest country is the Vatican City

The largest city in Europe is Paris

Map of the world showing the continent of Australia

Australia/Oceania

Is the smallest continent.

Is the only continent that is a country.

The capital of Australia is Canberra.

The smallest city is Nauru.

The largest city in Australia is Sydney.

SUB-TOPIC: Water - Seas and Oceans

Division - Lines of Latitude and Longitude

Oceans

An ocean is a great body of water surrounding or separating continents.

There is one world ocean, but it is divided into five main areas:

The Pacific

The Atlantic

The Indian

The Arctic

The Southern or Antarctic

Together, they can be seen as one World Ocean because they have no real borders, and water flows

freely between them.

Map of the world showing Oceans, continents, and seas

Map of the world showing the Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

―Pacific’ means peaceful.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean in the world.

Covers more than a third (1/3) of the world.

Is located to the East of North and South America and

West of Asia and Australia.

Map of the world showing the Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean

The second largest ocean in the world.

Found between North and South America and

Europe and Asia.

The Atlantic Ocean is the ocean closest to Guyana

Atlantic means ―Sea of Atlas‖.

In the southeast, the Atlantic merges into the Indian Ocean.

Map of the world showing the Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world.

It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west

by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by

the Southern Ocean.

It is named after India.

The Indian Ocean is the warmest ocean in the world.

Map of the world showing the Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is the ocean around

the North Pole.

Thick pack ice and snow cover almost all of

this ocean in winter, and most of it in

summer.

It is the smallest of the world's 5 oceans.

Endangered species there include walruses,

whales and polar bear.

Map of the world showing the Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean is the ocean around Antarctica.

This ocean is called the Antarctic Ocean.

Antarctic sea life includes penguins, blue whales,

orcas, colossal squids, and fur seals.

Parts of the Southern Ocean are covered in sea ice.

The Southern Ocean is the second smallest of the five

named oceans.

Seas

A sea is a large area of salt water which is part of an ocean

A sea is a large body of water partly or fully enclosed by land.

Examples of seas are:

Caribbean Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Bering Sea

Black Sea

Red Sea

Caspian Sea

China Sea

Seas which are completely surrounded by land (landlocked)

Aral Sea

Caspian Sea

Dead Sea

Sea of Galilee (we call this a sea, but

it is really a small freshwater lake)

Salton Sea

The Caribbean Sea

Is a tropical sea in the center

of the Caribbean area.

Is famous as a tourist

destination.

This sea is closest to Guyana.

Mediterranean Sea

Is the largest sea.

The Mediterranean Sea is the body of water that separates Europe, Africa and Asia.

More about Seas

The Red sea is located between the continent of Africa and Asia.

The Black sea is found in the continent of Europe.

The Bering Sea is located between the continent of Asia and North America.

The Aral Sea is found in the continent of Asia.

The Caspian Sea is found in the continent of Europe.

The Nile River is the largest river in the world, it is found in Africa.

The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world.

The Andes Mountain is the largest mountain range.

The world’s largest lake is Lake Superior – found in North America.

The Vatican City is the smallest country in the world.

There are 195 countries in the world.

Lines of Latitude

Lines of latitude are imaginary lines that run from east to west, parallel to the equator.

Lines of latitude are also called parallels. Each line of latitude is about 69miles apart and never

meet.

Latitude lines form circles around the globe.

They are measured in degrees ranging from 0° to 90°.

They measure distances north and south of the Equator.

The Equator is a latitude line that divides the Earth into Northern and Southern hemisphere.

The five major latitude are:

Arctic Circle 66.5°N

Tropic of Cancer 23.5°N

Equator 0°N or S

Tropic of Capricorn 23.5°S

Antarctic Circle 66.5°S

Lines of Latitude are important as they help to locate places and tell time.

These lines assist persons that rely on navigation to get from one place to another such as pilots

and sailors.

Diagram showing major lines of latitudes

Diagram showing the major Lines of Latitude

Lines of Longitude

Lines of longitude are imaginary lines that run north to south of the equator.

Lines of longitude are also called meridians.

These lines are farthest apart at the equator but meet at the north and south poles.

Longitude lines form half circles around the globe.

They measure distances east and west of the Equator.

They are measured in degrees ranging from 0° to 180°.

The 0° Line of Longitude is called the Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian. This line passes

through Greenwich, London.

The 180° line of longitude is called the International Date Line. This line is used to determine

time zones.

Lines of Latitude are important as they help to locate places and tell time.

These lines assist persons that rely on navigation to get from one place to another such as pilots

and sailors.

Diagram showing Lines of Longitude

When latitude and longitude lines are used together they provide coordinate.

SUB-TOPIC: Climatic Zones Climatic Zones

A climatic zone is an area of the earth where all the countries located there enjoy the same or

similar climate or climatic conditions.

The earth is divided into different zones by lines of latitudes and longitude.

Lines of latitude divide the earth into climatic zones.

The climatic zones help us to understand the relationship between the earth and sun.

The climatic zones are:

The Tropical or Torrid

Zone

The Temperate Zone The Polar or Frigid

Zone

Diagram showing the Climatic Zones of the Earth

The Tropical or Torrid Zone.

The Tropic Zone is located between two latitude lines. The tropic zone is found between the

Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

The equator is a line of latitude which runs directly in the middle of the tropic zone, dividing it

into two.

Countries located in the tropical zone get strong sunlight.

They are hot countries with high temperature; they have bright daylight throughout the year.

However, rain falls during the year and the amount of rain varies from time to time.

Some countries located in the tropic zone are:

Guyana

Islands of the Caribbean

Suriname

Venezuela

The Congo

India

Malaysia

Somali

Mexico

Deserts and savannahs are located in the tropic zone.

A desert is an area where there is hardly any rain and where very little vegetation grows.

The land is very low and there is little or no vegetation and water. People find it very difficult to

live in hot deserts; people who live in the deserts are called nomads.

Tropical savannah is the name given large areas of grasslands. There are many areas of tropical

savannahs in our world. They all tend to have similar characteristics.

The savannahs of Guyana are called the Rupununi Savannahs.

The Temperate Zone

The temperate zones are the two zones found north and south of the tropical zone.

They are called North Temperate Zone and South Temperate Zones.

Countries in the temperate zones are neither very hot nor very cold all the time. They are called

cool lands.

In the two temperate zones, the sun is never directly overhead, and the temperature is mild,

generally ranging from warm to cool.

Countries located in the temperate zones experience the four seasons.

The four seasons are :

Spring

Summer

Autumn

Winter

People who live in the Temperate Zones wear different clothing types of clothing depending on

the different seasons.

The North Temperate Zone is found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle.

Some countries located in north temperate zones are:

United States

Canada

Turkey

Mongolia

China

The South Temperate Zone is found between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle.

Some countries located in the South Temperate Zone are:

New Zealand Argentina South Africa

The Frigid or Polar Zone

The polar zones are located at the very north and very south of the globe- the two pole ends of

the earth.

Countries located in the polar or frigid zones are called cold lands.

The north polar zone is called the Arctic and is located at the north pole.

The South Polar zone is the continent of Antarctica and is located at the South Pole.

The lands to the North and South of the globe are so cold that trees cannot grow. However,

during the summer mosses, bushes and hedges grow.

The North Polar Zone

The north polar zone is located in the Arctic Circle

The people of the Arctic are called Eskimos. Although the lands of the Arctic are covered with

snow most of the year, Eskimos are able to live there.

It is very cold in the Arctic Region, but in June, July, and August, it is not cold. These months are

called summer. This is the time of the year when Eskimos live in tent and do a lot of fishing and

hunting.

From October to June or July, the sea remains frozen. During this time the Eskimos leave their

tents and go back to their winter homes; the winter homes are called igloos.

Eskimos wear clothing that protect them from the winter in the Arctic.

The diet of the Eskimos consists of berries, seals, fishes, walruses, whales etc. They also consume

tinned foods.

The South Polar Zone

The south polar zone is located in the Antarctica Circle.

There is no permanent habitation in the south polar zone. Only teams of scientists doing

research can be found there.

The south polar zone is the world’s highest, driest, coldest, windiest, and iciest place of earth.

Some animals that inhabit the south polar zone are whales, seals and penguins.

SUB-TOPIC: Climatic Zones – Similarities and Differences

Earth’s Movements – Rotation and Revolution The earth is constantly in motion.

Earth has two movements – Rotation and Revolution.

Rotation

Earth spins (rotates) on an imaginary line drawn through the poles (north to south).

This imaginary line is called an axis.

The spinning of the earth on its axis once every 24 hours (1 day) is called Rotation.

Rotation causes day and night.

Earth rotates in a counter (anti) clockwise direction from west to east.

As the earth rotates, the half of the earth facing the sun will receive sunlight (day) while the other

half will not receive sunlight (night)

Revolution

Earth’s second movement is called Revolution.

Revolution is the orbiting (revolving) of the earth around the sun.

The path which the earth takes around the sun is called its orbit.

Revolution takes one year (365 ¼ days and 366 days every four years).

Revolution also causes seasons.

Earth’s Revolution

Earth rotates and revolves at the same time.

Earth’s Rotation and Revolution

TOPIC: Caricom

SUB TOPIC: Definition

Objective

Structure Caricom is an acronym meaning Caribbean Community and Common Market.

Caricom has four main objectives:

economic integration

foreign policy coordination

human and social development

security

Structure of Caricom

Caricom consists of several councils and committees.

The committees and councils work together to ensure the objectives of Caricom are achieved.

The highest decision making forum of Caricom is the Heads of Government Conference.

This Conference is presided by a Chairman who is the head of a Caricom member state. The

Chairmanship rotates among heads of member states.

There is also a Caricom Secretariat which oversee the day – to – day management of the

organisation.

The secretariat is head by a Secretary General.

The secretariat of Caricom is located at Liliendaal, Georgetown, Guyana.

Organizational Structure of Caricom

West Indian Federation

• Jan,1958- May,1962

CARIFTA

• 1968 - 1973

CARICOM

• 1973 - Present

SUB-TOPIC: Development

Founder Members

Member States CARICOM was established after CARIFTA came to an end in 1973.

The Caribbean Community /Caricom was established on July 04, 1973 with the signing of the

Treaty of Chaguaramas.

However, The CARICOM movement came into effect on August 01, 1973.

The treaty was signed by the Heads of Government of: -

Barbados - Errol Barrow

Guyana- Linden Forbes Burnham

Jamaica – Michael Manley

Trinidad & Tobago – Eric Williams

These four countries are the founding members of Caricom.

Subsequently, eight other territories joined CARICOM. The Bahamas became the 13th

member

state on July 04, 1983 and Suriname 14th

member in July 1995. In July 1997, Haiti was welcomed

into the community.

The CARICOM Secretariat is located in Georgetown, Guyana and is organized Trade and

Agriculture, Economics and Industry, Functional Co-operation, Legal Division, General Services

and Administration.

A revised Treaty of Chaguaramas establishing the Caribbean Community including the

CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) was signed by Heads of Government on 5th

July 2001.

The revised Treaty includes the establishment and implementation of the Caribbean Court of

Justice (CCJ ).

Diagram above shows the development that lead to the establishment of CARICOM.

The member states of CARICOM are: -

Antigua and Barbuda

The Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Dominica

Grenada

Guyana

Haiti

Jamaica

Montserrat

St. Kitts and Nevis

St. Lucia

St. Vincent and the Grenadines

Suriname

Trinidad and Tobago

Associate member states of CARICOM: -

Anguilla

Bermuda

The British Virgin Islands

The Cayman Islands

Turks and Caicos

Note

All of the associate member states are British Overseas Territories.

SUB-TOPIC: Country Profile

Communication in CARICOM

The role of communication in CARICOM

Communication in CARICOM

Flags of Member States of Caricom

Map of showing Caricom Member States

Heads of states of CARICOM

Antigua and Barbuda: Gaston

Browne

Bahamas: Hubert Minnis

Haiti: Jovenel Moïse

Barbados: Mia Mottley Belize: Dean Barrow Guyana: Mohamed Irfaan Ali

Dominica: Roosevelt Skerrit Grenada: Keith Mitchell Saint Kitts and Nevis: Timothy

Harris

Jamaica: Andrew Holness

Montserrat : Joseph Easton

Taylor Farrell

Saint Lucia: Allen Michael

Chastanet

Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines:

Ralph Gonsalves

Suriname: Chan Santokhi

Trinidad and Tobago: Keith Rowley

Caricom Country Profile

Caricom

Countries Capital Airport

National

Festival Imports Exports

Political

Status

Antigua &

Barbuda St. John’s

Vere Bird

international

Summer

Carnival

Foodstuff, machinery

Transport equipment

Cotton, Rum,

Tourism

Independent /

Nov 1, 1981

The

Bahamas Nassau

Nassau International

Freeport Junkanoo

Machinery

Clothing

Fresh meat

Crayfish,

Tourism,

Cucumber,

Tomatoes,

Coconuts,

Sponges,

Lumber

Independent / July

10, 1973

Barbados Bridgetown Grantley Adams

International Crop Over

Foodstuff

Fuels

Lubricants building

materials textiles

Sugar, Clothing,

Electrical

Equipment,

Rum, Molasses

Independent /

Nov 30, 1966

Belize Belmopan Phillip Goldson

International Garifuna

Vehicles textiles

Machinery

Building materials

petroleum

foodstuff

Sugar, Molasses,

Clothing,

Mahogany,

Citrus Fruits,

Fish, Shrimp,

Lobster

Independent /

Sept 21, 1981

Dominica Roseau Melville Hall

Canefield Domfesta

Foodstuff

Manu-factured

Goods, machinery

and equip-ment

Coconuts and

Coconuts

Products, Citrus

Fruits and Citrus

Fruit Products,

Bananas

Independent /

Nov 3, 1978

Grenada St. George Point salines

International Carnival

Beverages

Tobacco

Fuel equipment

Nutmeg and

Species, Cocoa,

Bananas, Mace

Independent / Feb

7, 1974

Guyana Georgetown Cheddi Jagan

International Airport Mashramani

Fuel lubricants

Machinery

Transport

Equipment

Bauxite,

Alumina, Sugar,

Rice, Timber,

Citrus Fruits,

Republic / Feb 23,

1970

Independent /

May 26, 1966

Caricom

Countries Capital Airport

National

Festival Imports Exports

Political

Status

Manufactured goods

fertiliser

Gold,

Diamonds,

Shrimp, Prawns

Haiti Port – au – Prince Port – au- Prince Carnival

Foodstuff

Manu-factured goods

fuel

Coffee, Sugar,

Rice, Bananas

Independent /

Dec 31, 1804

(Republic)

Jamaica Kingston

Norman Manley

International

DonaldSangster

International

Jamaica

Festival

Fuel machinery

Transport equipment

Electrical equipment

fertilizer

Alumina,

Bauxite, Sugar,

Rum, Molasses,

Bananas, Citrus

Fruits and Citrus

Fruit Products,

Cement

Independent /

Aug 6, 1962

Montserrat Plymouth Blackbourne Airfield

Gerald Heliport

Christmas

Festival

Food

Machinery

Transport equipment

Hot Peppers,

Tomatoes,

Cotton, Limes

Colony of Great

Britain

Saint Kitts &

Nevis Basseterre

Robert Bradshaw

International

December

Carnival

Manufactured goods

machinery transport

equipment mineral

fuels lubricants

Beer, Ale,

Cotton, Lobster

Independent /

Sept 19, 1983

Saint Lucia Castries

Hewanorra

International

Vieux Forte George

Charles International

Flower

Festival La

Rose

Beverages

Foodstuff

Tobacco

Fuels

Manufactured goods

Machinery

And transport

equipment

Bananas,

Unrefined and

Refined Cotton

Oil, Cardboard

Boxes, Fruits,

Vegetables,

Coconut Meal,

Cocoa

Independent / Feb

22, 1979

St. Vincent &

Grenadine Kingstown

Ebenezer Joshua

James Mitchell

International

Carnival

Foodstuff

Beverages

Machinery

Transport equipment

Banana,

Arrowroot,

Sweet Potatoes

Independent / Oct

27, 1979

Suriname Paramaribo Johann Adolph Carnival machinery Minerals E.G. Independent /

Caricom

Countries Capital Airport

National

Festival Imports Exports

Political

Status

Pengel International Bauxite, Gold,

Petroleum,

Kaolin; Rice,

Oilpalm,

Bananas;

Fisheries E.G.

Prawns

Nov 25, 1975

(Republic)

Trinidad &

Tobago Port – of – Spain

Piarco International

Crown Point

International

Carnival

Machinery

Fabricated metals

transport equipment

manufactured goods

Cocoa, Crude

Petroleum,

Petroleum

Products,

Ammonia,

Methanol

Independent /

Aug 31, 1962

CARICOM Member States Currency

Countries Currency Countries Currency

Antigua and Barbuda East Caribbean Dollar Guyana Guyanese dollar

The Bahamas Bahaman Dollar Jamaica Jamaican dollar

Belize Belize Dollars Montserrat East Caribbean Dollar

Dominica East Caribbean Dollar St. Kitts and Nevis East Caribbean Dollar

Grenada East Caribbean Dollar St.Lucia East Caribbean Dollar

Countries Currencies Countries Currencies

St. Vincent East Caribbean Dollar Haiti Haitian Gourde

Suriname Suriname Dollar Barbados Barbados Dollar

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago

Dollar

The role of communication in CARICOM

Communication is vital to the success of the Caribbean Community.

It is through the sharing of information that member states can:

Learn of employment opportunities

Discuss ways of cooperating

Learn of issues affecting member states

Share successes of member states.

Caricom member states have to be in constant contact with each other if they are to achieve the

objectives of this organisation.

Some organisation of communication within Caricom are:

Caribbean News Agency (CANA) - Barbados

National Communication Network (NCN) – Guyana

News Talk 93.7 Jamaica

Trinidad Express

TOPIC: The Family

SUB-TOPIC: Ethnic Groups The people of Guyana (The Ethnic Groups)

Guyana is a multi – ethnic society.

Multi – ethnic means it is made up of people from different ethnic groups.

There are six ethnic groups living in Guyana.

The order in which the ethnic group came to Guyana are:

1. Amerindians

2. Europeans

3. Africans

4. Portuguese

5. East Indians

6. Chinese

Group Continent they

came from

How they came Why they came How they lived

Amerindians

The first group to

settled in

Guyana.

Asia

From: Mongolia

Four main Tribes which entered

Guyana.

-Arawaks

-Caribs

- Warraus

-Wapishanas

They crossed the

Bering Strait.

Body of water

that was frozen at

the time.

- in search of

warmer lands

- to find new

grazing ground

for cattle

-while hunting

they followed the

animals.

-making fire and

weapons of bone.

- hunt and trap

animals for food.

- cultivated land

and produce

food. e.g. yams,

cassava.

Group Continent they

came from

How they came Why they came Why the

Europeans settled

in Guyana?

Europeans

The second

group to settle in

Guyana.

Europe

From: Spain

Holland

England

France

By ships

-Pinta

- Nina

-- Santa Marie

-- in search of

gold, for the

golden city of El

Dorado.

-- searching for

new land for their

country.

-to provide a base

from which they

could operate in

their search for

gold.

-to trade with the

Amerindians

( Barter)

Europeans traded

with Amerindians

e.g. knives, axes

Amerindians

traded with

Europeans e.g.

hemp, Annatto

dye, butter, and

cheese.

-to cultivate the

soil

Group Continent they

came from

How they came Why they came How did the

Europeans obtain

the slaves?

The Africans

The Africans

were the third

group who came

to Guyana.

Africa

-From the:

Congo

Cameroon

Gambia

West coast of

Africa

They came by

ships

They came to

work on the sugar

plantations as

slaves.

A slave is

someone who

works awfully

hard without

being paid for his

or her labour.

The system

under which the

Africans lived,

and work were

called slavery.

-capturing them

and lure them

into ships

-captured through

tribal wars

-by raiding parties

The journey or

route taken by

the Africans to

come to Guyana

and the

Caribbean is

called the Middle

Passage.

Life on the

plantation

-they worked long

hours from 6am -

6pm.

-first meal was

given at midday

-they were beaten

or flogged with a

whip

-some slaves were

branded with hot

iron, hung on

wheels and have

Difficulties of the

Middle passage

1.men chained

with iron shackles

around ankles.

2.women and

children packed

below deck.

3.Africans died of

diseases.

4.food shortages

5.hunger,others

parts of their

bodies chopped

off.

killed themselves.

Group Continent they

came from

How they came Why they came Indentured ship

Portuguese

The fourth group

of people who

came to Guyana

Europe

From Madeira

By ships

-Louisa Baillie

1st

batch- 3rd

May

1838.

1.to replace the

Africans on the

sugar plantation

2.to increase the

white population

the Portuguese

worked on the

plantation under

the system called

indentured ship

-the first group of

indentured

immigrants to

arrive in Guyana

Group

Continent they

came from

How they came Why they came Indentured ship

East Indians

The fifth ethnic

group to arrive in

Guyana.

Asia

From- India

Calcutta

By ships

-The Whitby

- The Hesperus

1st batch- arrived

on 5th of May

1838

Today this day,

May 5th is

observed as

Arrival Day.

To work on the

sugar plantation

as planters

indentured

labourers.

-They had to

worked for a

period of five

years.

-only men were

indentured

-after working for

5 years they were

free to return to

India,

Life on the

plantation

-worked long

hours (6am-

6pm)

-were treated

badly

-Unlike the

Africans East

Indians received

clothing, rations,

medical

attendance and

medicines and

wages for their

-received

extremely low

wages for their

labour

-were given daily

allowance of rice,

dhal, ghee or oil

etc.

labour.

Group

Continent they

came from

How they came Why they came Indentured ship

Chinese China By ships

-Lord Elgin

-The Glantanner

-Samuel

Boddington

To work on the

plantation as

indentured

immigrants.

-they were able to

send letters and

money twice

every month.

-they would also

be at liberty to

end their contract

at any time.

-received two

months wages in

advance.

Cotton clothes,

two pairs of

stockings, two

pairs of shoes

they received.

Groups Their

foods

Their beliefs Their culture Their dress Any other

contributions

Amerindians

The head of

an

Amerindian

settlement is

called a

captain or

Touchaus.

Pepper

pot

Casareep

Cassava

bread

Farine

Tasso,

Piwari

and

Casiri

-The

Patamonas-

Mokanaima

-Old Kaie

-Pujaikma

-Kanaima

-Hebu

Place great

influence in the

Piaiman or

Shaman who

has the ability

to counteract all

injuries by

Kanaima.

Cotton clothes

with beads.

Beaded arm

bands

.

They name places:

-Guiana (land of many

waters.

-many rivers(Cuyuni)

-Bartica-Red earth

-Mabaruma

Amerindian word-

Mashramani

Europeans Pastries

Puddings

Pies

The largest

religion in

Europe is

Christianity,

The culture of

Europe is

rooted in the

art, architecture

, film, different

types of music,

economic, litera

ture, and

philosophy

Some places name:

-Dutch-Stabroek

-French-La Belle

English-- Bourda

Africans Their

Food

Metagee,

cook-up

rice

Yam,

plantain

foo-foo

Conkie

Their beliefs

Music-

Maracus,

rattles

-Obeah

-Voodoo

_Ole’ Higue

-Baccoo

-Shango

Their culture

Cumfa,

Masquerade,

Queh-Queh,

Sware,Flutes.

Their dress

Dashikis, wraps head ties

Other conttributions

-crafts- weaving mats

and baskets

-carvings

-making pots and jars

from clay mud

Portuguese Garlic

pork

Beef stew

Red bean

soup

Pancakes

Cabbage

and

pumpkin

soup

In the Holy

Spirit of

Pentecost

-St. John the

Baptist

-St. Peter

-St. Anthony

Musical

instruments

-Rajas

-Braggs

-

Business

-Banks DIH Ltd.

-John Fernandes

East Indians Dhal and

rice

Roti and

curry

Dhalpuri

Sweet

meats e.g.

mithai

Dance-

kathack

Nagara

Odissi

Festivals- Eid-

Ul-Fitr

Youman Nabi

Phagwah

Diwali

Sari, shalwars

Kurtas

-jewelry -

bracelets,

bangles

brooches

Chinese

Fried rice

Wanton

soup

Chop

Suey

Sweet

and Sour

relishes

Chow

Dance-

Dragon

Dance

-Chinese New

Year

Tunics

Cheongsams

Sarongs

Musical -Cymbals

Drums

-sports- acrobatics

Craft- embroidery

Mein

How they cooperated

Pooled their savings from wages and bought abandoned plantations.

Set up villages on these lands

Worked hard co-operatively, to make their villages successful

The Box- was a form of co-operation practiced by the slaves.( pooling of money)this is still

practiced among Guyanese today.

Lend a hand: Give a hand: Give a day. They also pooled their labour whenever they had large

jobs to do:

-preparing land for planting

-harvesting their crops

-building their homes

This labour was repaid when he/she went to work for one day.

The first Co-operative in Guyana started after slavery was abolished in 1838.

Other Co-operative societies in Guyana are:

-Consumers Co-operatives

-- Fishing Co-operatives

-- Housing Co-operatives

-- Agricultural Co-operatives and Thrift Co-operatives

TOPIC: Rules and Resposibilities

SUB-TOPIC: Politeness Rules are guidelines for appropriate behavior.

Rules are important because they guide us. They also help to control the behaviours of

individuals.

Without rules, there would be confusion among people. People would not respect the rights of

others. A society without rules can lead to discrimination and even cause harm to individuals.

Rules can be formal or informal, written or unwritten.

Laws are written rules.

All organisations and groups have rules.

Some examples of rules are courtesy rules, traffic rules, health rules etc.

Some Courtesy Rules

TOPIC: Our Community

SUB-TOPIC: Population Census

What is a population?

Population refers to the number of persons who are living in a particular country or

community.

How a population is determined?

The population of a country can be taken by conducting a census.

What is a census?

A census is a count of the population.

A census is taken every ten (10) years.

Persons who carry out the census are called enumerators.

Guyana’s last census was taken in the year 2012.

Guyana’s next census will be taken in 2022.

A census provides the following information

Examples of some population terms are:

Natural Increase

The increase of birth over the number of deaths, this is when the birth rate exceeds the death

rate.

Birth Rate

The number of babies born per thousands of persons of the population.

Death Rate

The number of deaths per thousand of the population.

Migration

The permanent movement of persons and animals from one place to another to take up

residence. For example:

---- people leave Guyana to (live) in the Caribbean

---- Birds leave winter in England to spend time in Guyana

The number of people who were

born

The number of people who died

The number of people who

migrated overseas

The number of foreign persons who have settled in the

country

The number of people in the

country

The number of people in a particular

community

The number of Males and Females

The number of people in different

age group

The number of employed people,

unemployed people, retired people etc.

Other types of information, your salary, occupation and qualification

Immigrants

People who have entered a country to take up residence, for example, the Chinese from China

came to live in Guyana

Sparse Population

A small population ( few people live there}

Dense Population

A large population ( many people live there )

Emigrant

People who have departed from their home country to take up residence in another country, for

example: People leaving Guyana to live in Canada.

Internal Migration

People move from one community to another in a country, for example: People leave

Georgetown to take up residence in Corentyne.

External Migration

When people leave their home country to live in another country.

Population on the move

When the number of people who come in a country and who travelled out of the country.

Population Distribution

Refers to where people live and the number of people who lived there.

Some reasons why people migrate to countries such as: Canada, England, the Caribbean and USA.

To find a better paid job

For health reasons

To further their studies

lack of safety

.high crime.

To offer more opportunities to children

Family reunification

Some effects on migration on a country are:

Brain drain

Increase in criminal activities

Stealing

Hindrance of progress and development of the country

Distribution of Guyana’s population

Guyana has a population of approximately 750 000.

Region 4 – Demerara Mahaica is Guyana’s most populated administrative region.

Guyana’s second largest populated region is region 6—East Berbice - Corentyne.

Guyana’s second least (smallest) populated administrative region is region 8, Potaro – Siparuni.

Why is Demerara Mahaica the largest populated region?

Most of Guyana’s manufacturing industries are located there.

The capital city, Georgetown, is located there.

More jobs are found there.

Better educational and health facilities can be found there.

Many businesses are located there.

The seat of Government is located there

TOPIC: Our Community

SUB-TOPIC: Natural Regions A natural region is an area where the built of the land, climate, soil type and vegetation are the

same.

Guyana has four natural regions:

The Low Coastal Plain

The Hilly, Sand and Clay Region

The Highland Region

The Interior Savannahs

The most densely populated Natural Region is the Low Coastal Plain.

The capital of Guyana and the seat of Government is located on the Low Coastal Plain.

The largest natural region is the Highland Region

Natural Region Built of

Land

Soil Vegetation Crops Climate

The Low Coastal Plain flat plains silty

loam

pegasse

courida

mangrove

shrubs

grass

fruits

vegetables

rice

sugar

coconuts

2 wet and 2

dry seasons

The Hilly, Sand and

Clay Region

hills and

valleys

white sand

brown sand

red sand

clay

tall trees pineapples hot days and

cold nights

The Highland Region mountains mostly

rocks

tall trees balata rainfall all

year round

hot, wet

climate

The Interior Savannah rolling

grasslands

and hills

clay

rocks

grass

palm trees

cassava

yam

maize

tobacco

6 months

rainfall

6 months

sunshine

Natural Region Towns Important

places

Main

economic

activities

Resources

The Low Coastal

Plain

Georgetown

Anna Regina

New Amsterdam

Rosehall

Corriverton

Ituribisci Lake

Lake Capoey

Tapakuma

Irrigation

Project

manufacturing

farming of

cash crops

rice and sugar-

cane

cultivation

livestock

agriculture

manufactured

products

The Hilly, Sand and

Clay Region

Linden

Bartica

Bartica

Linden

Ituni

Kwakwani

Cheddi Jagan

International

Airport

bauxite mining

logging

stone

quarrying

agricultural

activities

bauxite

timber

dairy products

The Highland Region Mahdia

Mabaruma

Mount Roraima

Kaieteur Falls

Mazaruni –

Potaro Area

Kanuku

Mountain Range

Kanuku

Mountain Range

gold and

diamond

mining

timber

gold

diamond

The Interior

Savannah

Lethem Lethem

Dadanawa

Ranch

St. Ignatius

cattle ranching

farming

cattle

peanuts

ground provision

SUB-TOPIC: Administrative Regions Guyana was divided into Administrative Region in 1980.

The 10 Administrative Regions are:

Region 1 – Barima – Waini

Region 2 – Pomeroon – Supenaam

Region 3 – Essequibo Islands – West Demerara

Region 4 – Demerara – Mahaica

Region 5 – Mahaica – Berbice

Region 6 – East Berbice – Corentyne

Region 7 – Cuyuni – Mazaruni

Region 8 – Potaro – Siparuni

Region 9 – Upper Takutu – Upper Essequibo

Region 10 – Upper Demerara – Berbice

Map of Guyana showing the Administrative Regions

The name of each region tells its boundaries.

The boundaries of each region was determined by:

population

physical size

geography

economic resources

This division of regions was to aid in the governance of the country.

Each Administrative Region is controlled by a Regional Democratic Council (RDC), headed by a

Regional Chairman.

The Regional Democratic Council is responsible for the overall management and administration

of the Region.

The Councillors are elected at the same time as the members of the National Assembly at

Regional Elections which are held every five (5) years.

Region Town Regional Centre Economic Activities

Barima - Waini Mabaruma Mabaruma logging

gold and diamond mining

growing of ground provision

Pomeroon - Supenaam

Anna Regina

Anna Regina

rice cultivation

logging

Essequibo Islands –

West Demerara

-

Vreed – en -

Hoop

rice cultivation

sugar production

Demerara - Mahaica

Georgetown

Truimph

sugar production

rice cultivation

farming

manufacturing

Mahaica - Berbice

-

Fort Wellington

sugar production

rice cultivation

coconut planting

cattle ranching

East Berbice -

Corentyne

New Amsterdam

Rosehall

Corriverton

New Amsterdam

sugar production

rice cultivation

Cuyuni - Mazaruni Bartica Bartica gold mining

diamond mining

semi - precious metal mining

charcoal production

Potaro - Siparuni

Mahdia

Mahdia

gold mining

diamond mining

Upper Takutu –

Upper Essequibo

Lethem Lethem cattle ranching

peanut farming

tobacco cultivation

mining of semi-precious

minerals

Demerara - Berbice Linden Linden bauxite mining

logging

cash crop farming