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Transcript of Social Science - richmondelt.es · Social Science TEACHER’S BOOK Social Science 5 is a collective...
PR
IMA
RY
Richmond
Social ScienceTEACHER’S BOOK
Social Science 5 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence.
WRITER Kerry Powell
MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle
EDITOR Brigit Viney
PROOFREADING James Price
PUBLISHER Sue Ashcroft
ContentsIntroduction
Key competences ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� IV
Multiple intelligences ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ V
Student’s materials ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� VI
Teacher’s resources �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� VII
Student’s Book �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� VIII
Teacher’s Book ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� X
Student’s Book Contents ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� XIII
Lesson plans
TERM 1
Unit 1 ��������������������������������������������������� 4
Unit 2 ��������������������������������������������������� 16
Unit 3 ��������������������������������������������������� 26
Term revision ��������������������������������������� 38
TERM 2
Unit 4 ��������������������������������������������������� 40
Unit 5 ��������������������������������������������������� 50
Unit 6 ��������������������������������������������������� 60
Term revision ��������������������������������������� 70
TERM 3
Unit 7 ��������������������������������������������������� 72
Unit 8 ��������������������������������������������������� 82
Unit 9 ��������������������������������������������������� 92
Term revision ������������������������������������� 102
Audio transcripts ������������������������������� 104
Answer key ���������������������������������������� 109
II
Student’s Book 5 Contents
XIII
CONTENTS
Unit Reading Topics Know how to
1 The universe
Space exploration Components of the universe
The solar system
The movements of the Earth and the Moon
The Earth’s spheres
Build an astronomical model
2 Representations of the Earth
Earthrise Maps and scales
Physical world maps
Political world maps
Find places using geographical coordinates
3 The landscapes of Spain
Cartography The relief of the Iberian Peninsula
The Cantabrian and Mediterranean watersheds
The Spanish coasts and islands
Use a map scale to calculate distances
TERM REVISION
4 The climates of Spain
Subtropical islands The atmosphere and climate
The climates of Spain
Vegetation in Spain
Interpret a climate graph
5The institutions of Spain and Europe
Simone Veil and the European Union
The territories of Spain
The Spanish Constitution and its institutions
The history and institutions of the European Union
Investigate the symbols of Spain
6The population of Spain and Europe
A crowded planet The population of Spain
Population density in Spain
The population of Europe
Interpret a population pyramid
TERM REVISION
7 Spain during the Middle Ages
The Codex Calixtinus The Visigoth Kingdom and the Muslim invasion
The Christian Kingdoms
Architecture in the Middle Ages
Write a guide to the Camino de Santiago
8 Spain during the Modern Period
The Earth was round… The discovery of America
The conquest and colonization of America
The Spanish Empire in the 16th century
Make a timeline about a historical character
9Spain in the 17th and 18th centuries
The mystery of Las Meninas
The 17th century: the decline of the Spanish Empire
The Golden Age
The 18th century: the Bourbon dynasty
Analyse a historical painting
TERM REVISION
three 3
4
16
26
40
50
60
72
82
92
Art director: José Crespo González
Design team: Cover design: Estudio Pep CarrióCover photograph: Leila Méndez
Design coordinator: Rosa Marín GonzálezDesign development coordinator: Javier Tejeda de la CalleDesign development: Raúl de Andrés González and Jorge Gómez Tobar
Technical director: Jorge Mira FernándezTechnical subdirector: José Luis Verdasco Romero
Layout: David Kuzmicki Cartography: José Luis Gil, Tania López and José Manuel SolanoEnglish cartography adaptation: Asun Jiménez CanoProofreaders: Kelly Ingle, Anna O'Smotherly and Vassilia Katte Photo research: Maggie Mayo Art coordination: Carlos Aguliera
Photographs: F. Correa; F. Ontañón; F. Po; J. C. Muñoz; J. Escandell.com; J. I. Medina; J. Jaime; J. Lucas; J. M.ª Escudero; J. Rosselló; M. Sánchez; Michele di Piccione; O. Torres; ORONOZ; P. López; Prats i Camps; S. Enríquez; S. Padura; T. Arias; X. S. Lobato; A. G. E. FOTOSTOCK/Pablo Galán Cela, Jacobo Hernández, Gonzalo Azumendi, Emeterio Suárez, Eckhard Slawik, Andoni Canela, Paco Elvira, Pere Sanz, Juan Carlos Muñoz, Taka, De Agostini/G. Dagli Orti, Fernando Fernández; ALAMY/Travel Pictures, Peter Horree, Alex Segre, WENN Ltd; ALBUM/Mondadori Portfolio/Sergio Anelli, Joseph Martin, Oronoz; CORDON PRESS/O. Alamany & E. Vicens, Roger Ressmeyer, Bryan Allen; EFE/Jochen L bke/dpa/picture-alliance/Newscom/lafototeca.com, lafototeca.com/ZUMA Press/Jean-Marc Haedrich, Nicolas Bouvy/lafototeca.com, AP Photo/Kyodo; FOAT; GARCÍA-PELAYO/JUANCHO; GETTY IMAGES SALES SPAIN/Photos.com Plus, Thinkstock; I. PREYSLER; IMAGEN M.A.S.; ISTOCKPHOTO/belterz; J. M.ª BARRES; MUSEUM ICONOGRAFÍA/J. Martin; NASA/ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScl/AURA); PAISAJES ESPAÑOLES; SPAIN PHOTO STOCK/Rafael Delgado; Observatorio de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid/David Montes; BIBLIOTECA DEL ARSENAL, PARÍS; BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA; COLECCIÓN DUQUE DEL INFANTADO, SEVILLA; CONGRESO DE LOS DIPUTADOS, MADRID; European Community; Helen Chelton López de Haro; INSTITUTO DE COOPERACIÓN IBEROAMERICANA, MADRID; MONASTERIO DE LA ENCARNACIÓN, PATRIMONIO NACIONAL; MUSÉE CONDÉ CHANTILLY; MUSEO NACIONAL DEL PRADO/Laboratorio del Museo del Prado / © MUSEO DEL PRADO - MADRID - DERECHOS RESERVADOS. PROHIBIDA LA REPRODUCCIÓN TOTAL O PARCIAL; MUSEO NAVAL, MADRID; NATIONAL GALLERY OF SCOTLAND; REAL ACADEMIA DE BELLAS ARTES DE SAN FERNANDO, MADRID; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA.
© 2015 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Avda. de los Artesanos, 6 Tres Cantos. 28760 Madrid
Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S. L. Printed in Spain
Richmond Publishing 58 St Aldates Oxford 0X1 1ST United Kingdom
ISBN: 978-84-680--2872-9
CP: 657244
DL: M-11848-2015
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org).
ES0000000023524 657244_Iniciales_27115.indd 2-3 16/04/2015 12:00
The population of Spain and Europe6
SUGGESTED TIMING FOR THE UNIT
This unit introduces the subject of the population of Spain and Europe. It looks at different aspects of population and population density in both Spain and Europe.
Unit outline
Know how toLearn about the characteristics
and distribution of the population of Spain and Europe
Final taskInterpret a population pyramid
Changes in the population of Spain
Population and employment in Spain
Population density in Spain
Characteristics of the population in Europe
Immigration in Europe
Population distribution in Europe
The population of Spain and Europe
60 A
January February March
Unit contents
CONTENTS
• The birth rate and death rate
• Migration
• Life expectancy and employment
• Population density in Spain
• Population and immigration in Europe
VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURES
• active / ageing / inactive / total population, birth / death rate, emigrant, immigrant, inhabitant, life expectancy, migration rate, multiculturalism, natural growth, population density
KNOW HOW TO
• Read and understand a text about overpopulation
• Understand different aspects of the population of Spain from graphs
• Calculate natural growth and the migration rate
• Identify areas of high population density in Spain
• Explain the factors affecting the population of Europe
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
• Identify which countries have the most immigrants living in Spain
• Say how life expectancy in Spain has changed
• Calculate population density
• Identify areas of Spain with high and low population densities
• Find countries in Europe with high and low population densities
SPEAKING• Describe changes in the population of your town or city
WRITING• Describe the countries in Europe which are the most and the least densely populated
FINAL TASK • Interpret a population pyramid
VALUES EDUCATION
• Appreciating how medicine and education have increased life expectancy
• Understanding the importance in multicultural societies of respect for other cultures
60 B
6
■ Is the world's population growing fast? Explain.
■ Which are the three most populated continents in the world?
■ Which are the two most populated countries in the world?
■ Which are some of the least populated countries in Europe?
■ Why can overpopulation be a problem?
■ SPEAKING. Talk to your partner about the population of your city or town. How has it changed over time? Has it increased or decreased?
The population of Spain and Europe
Read and understandPopulation
Population is the number of people who live in a particular area. Population can be classified by age or gender.
■ What age group are you in? Are you male or female?
Population can increase or decrease depending on the number of births and deaths that happen in that place.
■ If lots of people are born and few people die, does the population increase or decrease? Explain.
WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?
KNOW HOW TO
Learn about the characteristics and distribution of the population of Spain and Europe.
FINAL TASK
Interpret a population pyramid.
A crowded planet
Our planet is crowded. A hundred years ago, the world's population was less than 2 billion. Today, the world's population is over 7 billion. It is growing by 200,000 every day.
The continent with the biggest population is Asia, followed by Africa and Europe. Antarctica is the continent with the smallest population. The most populated country is China, followed by India. Iceland, Andorra, Monaco and Vatican City are among the least populated countries in the world. London is the most populated city in the European Union with a population of about 8 million.
An increasing population can cause many problems. One big problem of overpopulation is that we don't have enough natural resources. Scientists are looking for solutions.
6.1
sixty sixty-one60 61
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Objectives • Tointroducethemaintheme
oftheunit
• Toactivatepreviousknowledgeaboutpopulation
• Tofindoutabouttheworld’spopulation
Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:
birth, death, natural resources, overpopulation, population; crowded; decrease, increase
Presentation • AskSs:What city can you see in
the photo?(London.)What does this photo tell you about London?(It’scrowded.)ExplainthatthepopulationofLondonwasabout6.5millionin1901,andisover8.5milliontoday.Ask:Why do you think the population has grown so much?
Playtrack 6.1.Sslistenandread.Ask:What was the world’s population a hundred years ago? What is the world’s population today? Which continent is the most populated?
Read and understand• Readthequestions.Elicitanswers
fromthewholeclass.
• AskSs:What is the population of your city or town? What was the population in the past?Writesomesentencestartersontheboard:Today, the population is… In the past ten years it has…Sstalkaboutthepopulationoftheircityortowninpairs.
Know how to• Explain:In this unit, you will find out
about the population of Spain and Europe. You will learn how birth and death rates and migration can affect the population of a country.
• Explainthefinaltask:In this unit, you will learn how to interpret a population pyramid.
6.1
Reinforcement • Inpairs,Ssreadthetextagain.Then,theytaketurnstoaskandanswer
questionsaboutthetext.Giveanexample:Which countries are among the least populated in the world?(Iceland,Andorra,MonacoandVaticanCity.)
Extension • Ssworkingroups.Ssresearchoneofthemostdenselypopulatedcountries
intheworldandonewithalowpopulationdensity.Theydrawamapofthecountriesandshowwherethemaincentresofpopulationare.Then,theyfindouthowmuchthepopulationhasgrownoverthelasthundredyears.Sswritetwoshorttextsdescribingthepopulations.
60
6
■ Is the world's population growing fast? Explain.
■ Which are the three most populated continents in the world?
■ Which are the two most populated countries in the world?
■ Which are some of the least populated countries in Europe?
■ Why can overpopulation be a problem?
■ SPEAKING. Talk to your partner about the population of your city or town. How has it changed over time? Has it increased or decreased?
The population of Spain and Europe
Read and understandPopulation
Population is the number of people who live in a particular area. Population can be classified by age or gender.
■ What age group are you in? Are you male or female?
Population can increase or decrease depending on the number of births and deaths that happen in that place.
■ If lots of people are born and few people die, does the population increase or decrease? Explain.
WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER?
KNOW HOW TO
Learn about the characteristics and distribution of the population of Spain and Europe.
FINAL TASK
Interpret a population pyramid.
A crowded planet
Our planet is crowded. A hundred years ago, the world's population was less than 2 billion. Today, the world's population is over 7 billion. It is growing by 200,000 every day.
The continent with the biggest population is Asia, followed by Africa and Europe. Antarctica is the continent with the smallest population. The most populated country is China, followed by India. Iceland, Andorra, Monaco and Vatican City are among the least populated countries in the world. London is the most populated city in the European Union with a population of about 8 million.
An increasing population can cause many problems. One big problem of overpopulation is that we don't have enough natural resources. Scientists are looking for solutions.
6.1
sixty sixty-one60 61
ES0000000023524 657244_Unidad 06_27127.indd 60-61 16/04/2015 12:13
UNIT 6
Reinforcement • Inpairs,Sstaketurnstogivetheageandgenderofapersoninthepictureat
thebottomofthepageandtopointtothecorrectperson.
Extension • Inpairs,SschoosefourdifferentEuropeancountries.Theyfindoutthe
numberofpeopleundertheageof15inthesecountriesandthepercentageofthepopulationineachcountrythatthisagegroupforms.SscomparethesefigureswiththoseforSpain.
Work with the picture• TellSstolookatthelargephoto.
Writesomepromptsontheboard.Forexample:the time of year/day, where they are, the number of people, their age, how they might feel in this crowd, what they might be thinking about, where they might be coming from and going to. Sswritenotes.Sssharetheirideas.(Therearenorightorwronganswers.)WriteusefulwordsandphrasesontheboardasSssaythem.
• AskSstoimaginetheyareoneofthepeopleinthephoto.Theydecide:howoldthepersonis,howtheyfeel,whattheyarethinkingabout,wheretheyarecomingfrom,wheretheyaregoing,etc.Ssusethewordsontheboardtohelp.Insmallgroups,Sstelleachotheraboutthepersontheyhavechosen.
What do you remember?• Readthefirsttextandthe
questions.Reviewthedifferentagegroupsthatpopulationisdividedinto:children(0–15yearsold),adults(16–65yearsold)andseniorcitizens(over65).Elicitanswersfromthewholeclass.Ask:Which age groups can you see in the picture on the right?
• Readthesecondtextandquestion.Elicittheanswerandexplanationfromthewholeclass.
61
6The population of Spain
Today, the total population of Spain is about 47 million people. This is the total number of people registered in the census. 1
Birth rate and death rate
The population of an area can change depending on:
■ Birth rate. This is the number of babies born in a place in one year.
Spain currently has a low birth rate. On average, 10 babies are born for every 1,000 inhabitants.
■ Death rate. This is the number of people who die in a place in one year.
Spain currently has a low death rate. Only 9 people die for every 1,000 inhabitants.
■ Natural growth. This is the difference between the number of people who are born in an area in one year and the number of people who die.
Migration
Migration refers to people who move from one country to another. Migration influences the population of a place.
■ Emigrants are people who leave their country to live in another country.
■ Immigrants are people who come to live in a new country.
■ Migration rate. This is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.
Some of the reasons people migrate to another place or country are:
■ employment.
■ education.
■ better living conditions.
■ war and natural disasters in their country.
6.2
Look at the graph. 2
■ Which two countries have the most immigrants in Spain?
■ Why do you think this is?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
1 Use these facts to calculate natural growth in Spain in 2012.
■ Births: 455,000 ■ Deaths: 403,000
2 Use these facts to calculate the migration rate in Spain in 2012.
■ Emigrants: 455,000 ■ Immigrants: 305,000
3 Look at the graph.
■ Which age group is the smallest?
■ Using the graph, explain why the Spanish population is an ageing population.
■ Which age group is part of the inactive population?
6.4
ACTIVITIES
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is expected to live.
Life expectancy in Spain has increased. This is because of advances in medicine and improvements in living and working conditions.
In Spain, there are more elderly people than young people. This is because the birth rate is low and people are living for longer. This is called an ageing population. 3
Population and employment
■ The active population includes all adults who are able to work. These people are employed and working, or unemployed and looking for work.
■ The inactive population includes different groups. There are people who are not of legal working age, people who have retired, students and people who do not want to work. It also includes those who are homemakers or disabled people who cannot work. 4
6.3 Years
201119911970195019301910
5560657075
8580
50454035
90
30
507046_U09p85h1_g evol esperanza vida España
WomenMen
Look at pictures 3 and 4.
■ How has life expectancy changed in Spain?
■ Is life expectancy higher for men or women?
■ What percentage of the Spanish population is inactive?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
sixty-two sixty-three
Inhabitants
Year
45.000.000
40.000.000
35.000.000
30.000.000
25.000.000
20.000.000
15.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
0
50.000.000
436195_T11p4_g evol pobl Espana
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1981
1991
2001
2011
62 63
1 Evolution of the population of Spain.
3 Changes in Spanish life expectancy.
2 Number of immigrants to Spain by country.
Mor
occo
Ecua
dor
Uni
ted
King
dom
Italy
Chin
a
Bulg
aria
Boliv
iaColo
mbi
a
Rom
ania
Thousandsof people
1.000
900
800
700
600
500
200
300
400
100
0
507046_U10_p97_h2_prin países procedencia de inmigrantes
INACTIVE POPULATION
ACTIVE POPULATION
Employed population
Unemployed population
507046_U09_p85h2_graf pobl activa e inactiva
4 Active and inactive populations of Spain.
Adult population of Spain
Elderly population of Spain
Young population of Spain68 %15 %
17 %
507046_U08_p73_graf sect pobl por grupos de edad
ES0000000023524 657244_Unidad 06_27127.indd 62-63 16/04/2015 12:13
Objectives • Tolearnaboutbirthrates,death
ratesandmigration
• TofindoutaboutlifeexpectancyinSpain
• Todistinguishbetweentheactiveandinactivepopulation
Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:
active / inactive population, ageing population, birth rate, death rate, emigrant, homemaker, immigrant, life expectancy, migration rate, natural growth, total population; disabled, employed, unemployed
Presentation• Sslookatgraph1.Explainthatit
showsthenumberofpeoplelivinginSpainfrom1900to2011.Ask:What was the population in 1900? What was it in 2011? How many more people lived in Spain in 2011 than in 1900? (Approximately30million.)When was the biggest increase?(2001to2011.)
Practice Playthefirstpartoftrack 6.2.Ss
listenandread.Ask:What is the birth rate? What is the death rate? What is natural growth?
• Play‘Migration’ontrack 6.2.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is migration?(Themovementofpeoplefromonecountrytoanother.)What is the difference between emigrants and immigrants?
Work with the picture • Sslookatgraph2.Ask:How many
immigrants in Spain come from China? How many come from Bolivia? Which two countries in the graph have the fewest immigrants in Spain?(BoliviaandBulgaria.)
• Inpairs,Ssanswerthequestions.
6.2
Reinforcement • Sswritedefinitioncardsforkeywordsonpage62.Inpairs,theytaketurnsto
readadefinitionandguesstheword.
• Sstaketurnstoaskandanswerquestionsaboutthegraphsonpage62.Giveanexample:What was the population of Spain in 1950?(Approximately27million.)How many immigrants from Colombia live in Spain?(Approximately280,000.)
Extension• Ssworkinsmallgroups.Eachgroupchoosesacountryingraph2.Theyfind
outaboutthepopulationofthatcountry,theirlanguage(s)andtheconnectionsthecountryhaswithSpain.Sspresenttheirresearchonaposter.
62
6The population of Spain
Today, the total population of Spain is about 47 million people. This is the total number of people registered in the census. 1
Birth rate and death rate
The population of an area can change depending on:
■ Birth rate. This is the number of babies born in a place in one year.
Spain currently has a low birth rate. On average, 10 babies are born for every 1,000 inhabitants.
■ Death rate. This is the number of people who die in a place in one year.
Spain currently has a low death rate. Only 9 people die for every 1,000 inhabitants.
■ Natural growth. This is the difference between the number of people who are born in an area in one year and the number of people who die.
Migration
Migration refers to people who move from one country to another. Migration influences the population of a place.
■ Emigrants are people who leave their country to live in another country.
■ Immigrants are people who come to live in a new country.
■ Migration rate. This is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.
Some of the reasons people migrate to another place or country are:
■ employment.
■ education.
■ better living conditions.
■ war and natural disasters in their country.
6.2
Look at the graph. 2
■ Which two countries have the most immigrants in Spain?
■ Why do you think this is?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
1 Use these facts to calculate natural growth in Spain in 2012.
■ Births: 455,000 ■ Deaths: 403,000
2 Use these facts to calculate the migration rate in Spain in 2012.
■ Emigrants: 455,000 ■ Immigrants: 305,000
3 Look at the graph.
■ Which age group is the smallest?
■ Using the graph, explain why the Spanish population is an ageing population.
■ Which age group is part of the inactive population?
6.4
ACTIVITIES
Life expectancy
Life expectancy is the number of years that a person is expected to live.
Life expectancy in Spain has increased. This is because of advances in medicine and improvements in living and working conditions.
In Spain, there are more elderly people than young people. This is because the birth rate is low and people are living for longer. This is called an ageing population. 3
Population and employment
■ The active population includes all adults who are able to work. These people are employed and working, or unemployed and looking for work.
■ The inactive population includes different groups. There are people who are not of legal working age, people who have retired, students and people who do not want to work. It also includes those who are homemakers or disabled people who cannot work. 4
6.3 Years
201119911970195019301910
5560657075
8580
50454035
90
30
507046_U09p85h1_g evol esperanza vida España
WomenMen
Look at pictures 3 and 4.
■ How has life expectancy changed in Spain?
■ Is life expectancy higher for men or women?
■ What percentage of the Spanish population is inactive?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
sixty-two sixty-three
Inhabitants
Year
45.000.000
40.000.000
35.000.000
30.000.000
25.000.000
20.000.000
15.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
0
50.000.000
436195_T11p4_g evol pobl Espana
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1981
1991
2001
2011
62 63
1 Evolution of the population of Spain.
3 Changes in Spanish life expectancy.
2 Number of immigrants to Spain by country.
Mor
occo
Ecua
dor
Uni
ted
King
dom
Italy
Chin
a
Bulg
aria
Boliv
iaColo
mbi
a
Rom
ania
Thousandsof people
1.000
900
800
700
600
500
200
300
400
100
0
507046_U10_p97_h2_prin países procedencia de inmigrantes
INACTIVE POPULATION
ACTIVE POPULATION
Employed population
Unemployed population
507046_U09_p85h2_graf pobl activa e inactiva
4 Active and inactive populations of Spain.
Adult population of Spain
Elderly population of Spain
Young population of Spain68 %15 %
17 %
507046_U08_p73_graf sect pobl por grupos de edad
ES0000000023524 657244_Unidad 06_27127.indd 62-63 16/04/2015 12:13
UNIT 6
Reinforcement • Inpairs,Sswritequestionsandanswersaboutoneofthegraphsonpage
63.Then,theyworkwithanotherpairandtaketurnstoaskandanswerquestions.
Practice Play‘Lifeexpectancy’ontrack
6.3.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is life expectancy? Why has life expectancy increased in Spain?
• Play‘Populationandemployment’ontrack 6.3.Ask:What is the difference between the active and the inactive population? Are unemployed people who are looking for work active or inactive?
Work with the picture • Sslookatpicture3.Ask:What was
the life expectancy for women in 1910?(35.)What was the life expectancy for men in 1920?(40.)What was the life expectancy for men and women in 2011?(Men:77;women:85.)
• Sslookatpicture4.Ask:What percentage of the population is active?(50.)What percentage of the active population is employed?(About60percent.)
• Ssanswerthequestionsinpairs.
Activities 1 Reviewhowtosaylargenumbers
andthetermnatural growth.Sscalculatethenaturalgrowthinpairs.
2 Reviewthetermmigration rate.Inpairs,Sscalculatethemigrationratein2012.
3 Sslookatthegraph.Ask:Which age group is the biggest? What percentage of the population is elderly?Inpairs,Ssanswerthequestions.
Playtrack 6.4oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswerswiththerecording.
6.3
6.4
63
Values education• Ssthinkaboutthepartplayedbymedicineandeducationinimprovinglife
expectancysince1900.Ask:What stops us getting illnesses?(Vaccinations,understandingwhatmakesusill,keepingclean,exercising.)What helps us if we have a disease?(Antibiotics,modernsurgery,cleanhospitals.)
KEY COMPETENCES
Ssfindoutwhichgroupsmakeuptheactiveandinactivepopulationsinasociety.
6Population density in Spain
Population density
Population density tells us if a place has a large or small population. It is the number of inhabitants per square kilometre. 1
number of peoplePopulation density= surface area (km2)
If lots of people live in a small area, then the area is densely populated.
If the same number of people live in a large area, then the area is sparsely populated.
The population density of Spain is low: 93 inhabitants per square kilometre (93 inhabitants/km2).
Densely populated areas of Spain
Some autonomous communities have a higher population density than average. For example, the Community of Madrid has a population density of 800 inhabitants/km2. The Canary Islands have a population density of 300 inhabitants/km2.
The map 2 shows an uneven population distribution.
■ The population is denser along the coastline and on the islands.
■ In each province, the population is denser in the cities. Today, 80 out of 100 Spaniards live in cities.
The biggest cities in Spain are Madrid and Barcelona. Madrid has a population of 3 million and Barcelona has a population of 1.5 million.
6.5
Least populated areas
The inland areas of Spain have the lowest population densities. 2 Most of the provinces of Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha, Extremadura and Aragon are sparsely populated. They have a population density of less than 30 inhabitants/km2.
The most densely populated inland provinces are Zaragoza, Valladolid, Rioja, Navarre and Madrid.
6.6
■ Look at the key. What does the orange figure represent?
■ How many orange figures are there in each country?
■ Why are the orange figures closer together in Thailand than in Spain and Yemen?
■ Use the statistics given for each country to calculate its population density.
■ Which country has the highest population density?
■ Compare the size of the countries. Why is the population density so different?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
1 USE YOUR ATLAS. Look at the map on page 20 of your atlas. Find cities with a population of over 500,000 inhabitants. Copy and complete the table in your notebook.
city population
Madrid More than 1.5 million
2 ICT. Search the Internet and find the population density of your province. List the main towns and cities in order, starting with the most densely populated.
6.7
ACTIVITIES
= 10 people/km2
YEMEN
Area: 528,000 km2
Population: 21,000,000
THAILAND
Area: 512,000 km2
Population: 65,000,000
SPAIN
Area: 506,000 km2
Population:
47,000,000
F R A N C E
MOROCCO
A CORUÑA
PONTEVEDRA
OURENSE
LUGO
ASTURIAS CANTABRIA
RIOJA
NAVARREARABA / ÁLAVA
BIZKAIA / VIZCAYAGIPUZKOA / GUIPÚZCOA
CUENCATOLEDOCÁCERES
CIUDAD REALBADAJOZ ALBACETE
GUADALAJARA
HUESCA
ZARAGOZA
LEÓN
BURGOS
PALENCIA
ZAMORAVALLADOLID
SEGOVIA
SORIA
SALAMANCA
MADRIDÁVILA
Ceuta
Melilla
LLEIDA
BARCELONA
GIRONA
TARRAGONA
BALEARIC ISLANDSCASTELLÓN / CASTELLÓ
TERUEL
VALENCIA / VALÉNCIA
ALICANTE / ALACANTMURCIA
ALMERÍAGRANADA
JAÉNCÓRDOBA
SEVILLAHUELVA
CÁDIZ
MÁLAGA
PO
RT
UG
AL
ANDORRA
LAS PALMAS
SANTA CRUZDE TENERIFE
507046_U09_p87_España densidad provincial
N
S
EW
AT
LA
NT
IC
O
CE
AN
C a n t a b r i a n S e a
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
0 100
kilometres
Scale
Medi te r ranean Sea
POPULATION DENSITYPER PROVINCES
Less than 10
From 10 to 30
From 31 to 50
More than 600
From 101 to 600
From 51 to 100
(Inhabitants per km )2
■ Name the two provinces with the lowest population density.
■ Name the two provinces with the highest population density.
■ What is the population density of your province?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
sixty-four sixty-five64 65
1 Population density of Thailand, Yemen and Spain.
2 Map of Spain's population density by province.
ES0000000023524 657244_Unidad 06_27127.indd 64-65 16/04/2015 12:13
Objectives• Tolearnhowtoreadpopulation
densitymaps
• TofindoutaboutthepopulationdensityofSpain
• ToidentifythemostpopulatedandleastpopulatedregionsofSpain
Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:city,
coastline, distribution, inhabitant, island, population density, square kilometre; high, low, uneven; densely, sparsely; a population of
Presentation • ShowSssomepicturesofcities
(withalotofpeopleinarelativelysmallarea)andvillages(withveryfewpeople)indifferentcountries.AskSstodescribewhattheysee.WritePopulation densityontheboard.
Practice Play‘Populationdensity’ontrack
6.5.Sslistenandread.Say:Close your books.Ask:How do we measure population density?
• Play‘DenselypopulatedareasofSpain’ontrack 6.5.Sslistenandread.Ask:What is the population density of the Community of Madrid? What is the population density of the Canary Islands?AskSstolookatmap2.Thenask:What does uneven mean? Why do you think Spain has an uneven population? Which areas of Spain are the most densely populated? Which are the least densely populated?
Work with the picture • Drawanorangefigureonthe
board.AskSs:What does this figure represent on map 1?(Tenpeoplepersquarekilometre.)
• Readthequestionsandelicitanswersfromthewholeclass.
6.5
Reinforcement• Inpairs,Sswritetrueandfalsestatementsaboutthetext.Theyswap
statementswithanotherpairandcorrectthefalseones.
Extension • SsfindoutaboutthepopulationofThailandorYemen.Theyfindoutthe
namesandpopulationsofthemaincitiesofthetwocountries.Sssharetheirresearchwiththeclass.
64
6Population density in Spain
Population density
Population density tells us if a place has a large or small population. It is the number of inhabitants per square kilometre. 1
number of peoplePopulation density= surface area (km2)
If lots of people live in a small area, then the area is densely populated.
If the same number of people live in a large area, then the area is sparsely populated.
The population density of Spain is low: 93 inhabitants per square kilometre (93 inhabitants/km2).
Densely populated areas of Spain
Some autonomous communities have a higher population density than average. For example, the Community of Madrid has a population density of 800 inhabitants/km2. The Canary Islands have a population density of 300 inhabitants/km2.
The map 2 shows an uneven population distribution.
■ The population is denser along the coastline and on the islands.
■ In each province, the population is denser in the cities. Today, 80 out of 100 Spaniards live in cities.
The biggest cities in Spain are Madrid and Barcelona. Madrid has a population of 3 million and Barcelona has a population of 1.5 million.
6.5
Least populated areas
The inland areas of Spain have the lowest population densities. 2 Most of the provinces of Castile and León, Castile-La Mancha, Extremadura and Aragon are sparsely populated. They have a population density of less than 30 inhabitants/km2.
The most densely populated inland provinces are Zaragoza, Valladolid, Rioja, Navarre and Madrid.
6.6
■ Look at the key. What does the orange figure represent?
■ How many orange figures are there in each country?
■ Why are the orange figures closer together in Thailand than in Spain and Yemen?
■ Use the statistics given for each country to calculate its population density.
■ Which country has the highest population density?
■ Compare the size of the countries. Why is the population density so different?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
1 USE YOUR ATLAS. Look at the map on page 20 of your atlas. Find cities with a population of over 500,000 inhabitants. Copy and complete the table in your notebook.
city population
Madrid More than 1.5 million
2 ICT. Search the Internet and find the population density of your province. List the main towns and cities in order, starting with the most densely populated.
6.7
ACTIVITIES
= 10 people/km2
YEMEN
Area: 528,000 km2
Population: 21,000,000
THAILAND
Area: 512,000 km2
Population: 65,000,000
SPAIN
Area: 506,000 km2
Population:
47,000,000
F R A N C E
MOROCCO
A CORUÑA
PONTEVEDRA
OURENSE
LUGO
ASTURIAS CANTABRIA
RIOJA
NAVARREARABA / ÁLAVA
BIZKAIA / VIZCAYAGIPUZKOA / GUIPÚZCOA
CUENCATOLEDOCÁCERES
CIUDAD REALBADAJOZ ALBACETE
GUADALAJARA
HUESCA
ZARAGOZA
LEÓN
BURGOS
PALENCIA
ZAMORAVALLADOLID
SEGOVIA
SORIA
SALAMANCA
MADRIDÁVILA
Ceuta
Melilla
LLEIDA
BARCELONA
GIRONA
TARRAGONA
BALEARIC ISLANDSCASTELLÓN / CASTELLÓ
TERUEL
VALENCIA / VALÉNCIA
ALICANTE / ALACANTMURCIA
ALMERÍAGRANADA
JAÉNCÓRDOBA
SEVILLAHUELVA
CÁDIZ
MÁLAGA
PO
RT
UG
AL
ANDORRA
LAS PALMAS
SANTA CRUZDE TENERIFE
507046_U09_p87_España densidad provincial
N
S
EW
AT
LA
NT
IC
O
CE
AN
C a n t a b r i a n S e a
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
0 100
kilometres
Scale
Medi te r ranean Sea
POPULATION DENSITYPER PROVINCES
Less than 10
From 10 to 30
From 31 to 50
More than 600
From 101 to 600
From 51 to 100
(Inhabitants per km )2
■ Name the two provinces with the lowest population density.
■ Name the two provinces with the highest population density.
■ What is the population density of your province?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
sixty-four sixty-five64 65
1 Population density of Thailand, Yemen and Spain.
2 Map of Spain's population density by province.
ES0000000023524 657244_Unidad 06_27127.indd 64-65 16/04/2015 12:13
UNIT 6
Reinforcement• Inpairs,Ssusethemapandkeytoaskandanswerquestionsaboutthe
populationdensityofthedifferentprovincesinSpain.Doanexample:What is the population density of Cáceres?(Between10and30inhabitantspersquarekilometre.)
Extension • Insmallgroups,Ssfindoutthepopulationdensityoftwodifferent-sized
townsorareasintheirprovince.Theycomparethetwopopulationdensitiesandfindreasonswhyoneishigherthantheother.Theypresenttheirresearchonamap,usingthesamecategoriesasinthekeyonthemaponpage65,andinashorttext.
Practice Playtrack 6.6.Sslistenandread.
Ask:Which parts of Spain have the lowest population densities? What does sparsely mean? Which areas are sparsely populated?
Work with the picture • Ask:What colour represents areas
with a population density of less than 10? (Paleyellow.)What does red represent?Readthequestionsandelicittheanswersfromthewholeclass.
Activities 1 Inpairs,SsusetheirAtlasesto
completethetableintheirnotebooks.
Playtrack 6.7oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswerswiththerecording.
2 Ssworkinpairsandcompletetheactivity.
6.6
6.7
Logical-mathematical
intelligence
65
KEY COMPETENCES
Ssinterpretmapsshowingpopulationdensity.
The population of Europe
1 Explain why the population of Europe is steadily increasing.
2 WRITING. Answer these questions.
■ What is the population of Europe?
■ Which European countries are the most densely populated?
■ Which European countries are the least densely populated?
3 What are some of the effects of immigration?
6.10
ACTIVITIES
Characteristics of the population
Europe is a highly populated continent with more than 700 million inhabitants. 1
Europe has an ageing population.
Europe has an ageing population because of:
■ Low birth rate. Only about 10 babies are born for every 1,000 inhabitants.
■ High life expectancy. Average life expectancy is 78 years.
For these reasons, the population of Europe is gradually increasing. In some countries, the number of births is lower than the number of deaths, so the population declines.
Immigration in Europe
Europe is made up of 49 independent countries. Thousands of immigrants come to Europe, mainly from Africa, Asia and Switzerland. Immigration has the following effects:
■ Increase in population. Immigrants are usually young and often have children.
■ Increase in the active population. Immigrants arrive in Europe looking for work, so the active population increases.
■ Multiculturalism. Europe is a continent with great cultural diversity. Immigrants bring different languages, traditions and religions. 2
6.8
Population distribution in Europe
Most of the population of Europe is urban: seven out of ten Europeans live in cities. The average population density in Europe is about 70 inhabitants/km2. 3
The population of Europe is unevenly distributed. There are areas with very high population density and areas with very low population density.
■ Areas with high population density. Countries like Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom have high population density.
■ Areas with low population density. The countries with the lowest population density are Iceland, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia. These countries have very cold climates so it is harder for people to live there.
6.9507046_09_p88 graf _paises mas poblados Europa
Russ
ia
Ger
man
y
Uni
ted
King
dom
Fran
ce
Italy
Spai
n
Ukr
aine
Pola
nd
Rom
ania
Populationin millions
140
150
130
20
10
40
30
50
60
80
70
90
100
110
120
0
■ Which countries have areas with a population of more than 500 inhabitants per km2?
■ Which countries have areas with between 101 and 500 inhabitants per km2?
■ Which countries have areas of low population density? Why?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
sixty-six sixty-seven66 67
1 Countries in Europe with the biggest populations.
A
B C
2 Multiculturalism brings cultural diversity. A. Chinatown in London. B. The Alhambra in Granada. C. Tower Bridge in London.
3 Map of population density in Europe.
0 300
kilometres
ScaleM e d i t e r r a n e
a n S e a
Baltic Sea
North Sea
Black Sea
Norwegian Sea
Caspian Sea
A R C T I C O C E A N
A
TL
AN
TI
C
OC
EA
N
FINLAND
SWEDENNORWAY
LITHUANIA
LATVIA
ESTONIA
RUSSIA
MALTA
UNITED KINGDOMIRELAND DENMARK
BELGIUM
NETHERLANDS
LUXEMBOURG
GERMANY
PORTUGALSPAIN
FRANCE
ANDORRA
ITALYALBANIA
GREECE
MACEDONIA
SWITZERLAND
CZECH REPUBLIC
POLAND
SLOVAKIA
ROMANIAHUNGARY
AUSTRIA
BELARUS
U K R A I N E
MOLDOVA
BOSNIA &HERZEGOVINA
CROATIASLOVENIA
SERBIABULGARIA
MONTENEGRO KOSOVOT U R K E Y
GEORGIAAZERBAIJAN
ARMENIA
R U S S I A
KAZAKHSTAN
CYPRUS
ICELAND
507046_U09_p89_Densidad de poblacion de Europa
Less than 10 inhabitants/km2
From 10 to 100 inhabitants/km2
From 101 to 500 inhabitants/km2
More than 500 inhabitants/km2
POPULATION DENSITY
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Objectives • Tofindoutthecharacteristicsof
Europe’spopulation
• TolearnabouttheeffectsofimmigrationinEurope
• ToidentifyareasofhighandlowpopulationinEurope
Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:
ageing population, birth rate, cultural diversity, high / low population density, immigrant, immigration, increase, life expectancy, multiculturalism, tradition; independent, urban
Presentation • Sslookatthegraph.Ask:What
does the graph show? Which country has the largest population? What is the population of Russia?(Approximately143million.)Which country in the graph has the smallest population? What is its population?(Almost20million.)
Practice Play‘Characteristicsofthe
population’ontrack 6.8.Sslistenandread.Ask:How many inhabitants are there in Europe? What is an ageing population? What is the average life expectancy in Europe? What is one way a population declines?
• Play‘ImmigrationinEurope’ontrack 6.8.Sslistenandread.Ask:How many independent countries make up Europe?Reviewthetermimmigrant.Thenask:Where do most immigrants to Europe come from? What are some advantages of multiculturalism?(Immigrantsbringdifferentlanguages,traditions,religions.)
• TellSstolookatphotosA–C.Ask:What aspect of multiculturalism is shown in the photos?(Traditions,architecture,clothes,etc.)
6.8
Extension • Insmallgroups,Ssfindoutaboutdifferentaspectsofculturaldiversityintheir
ownregion.Theycanincludeaspectsthatarestillevidentfromthepastaswellasaspectsoftoday.Sspresenttheirresearchonaposterusingphotosofculturaldiversity,bothpastandpresent.Photoscanshowrecentandhistoricalbuildings,traditionaleventsandcelebrations.
66
Values education• Discusstheimportanceoftoleranceandrespecttowardsothersin
multiculturalsocieties.Ask: What can happen if we don’t respect people who come from cultures that are different from ours? What can happen if we do respect them? What can we learn from each other?
Visual-spatial
intelligence
The population of Europe
1 Explain why the population of Europe is steadily increasing.
2 WRITING. Answer these questions.
■ What is the population of Europe?
■ Which European countries are the most densely populated?
■ Which European countries are the least densely populated?
3 What are some of the effects of immigration?
6.10
ACTIVITIES
Characteristics of the population
Europe is a highly populated continent with more than 700 million inhabitants. 1
Europe has an ageing population.
Europe has an ageing population because of:
■ Low birth rate. Only about 10 babies are born for every 1,000 inhabitants.
■ High life expectancy. Average life expectancy is 78 years.
For these reasons, the population of Europe is gradually increasing. In some countries, the number of births is lower than the number of deaths, so the population declines.
Immigration in Europe
Europe is made up of 49 independent countries. Thousands of immigrants come to Europe, mainly from Africa, Asia and Switzerland. Immigration has the following effects:
■ Increase in population. Immigrants are usually young and often have children.
■ Increase in the active population. Immigrants arrive in Europe looking for work, so the active population increases.
■ Multiculturalism. Europe is a continent with great cultural diversity. Immigrants bring different languages, traditions and religions. 2
6.8
Population distribution in Europe
Most of the population of Europe is urban: seven out of ten Europeans live in cities. The average population density in Europe is about 70 inhabitants/km2. 3
The population of Europe is unevenly distributed. There are areas with very high population density and areas with very low population density.
■ Areas with high population density. Countries like Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom have high population density.
■ Areas with low population density. The countries with the lowest population density are Iceland, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Russia. These countries have very cold climates so it is harder for people to live there.
6.9507046_09_p88 graf _paises mas poblados Europa
Russ
ia
Ger
man
y
Uni
ted
King
dom
Fran
ce
Italy
Spai
n
Ukr
aine
Pola
nd
Rom
ania
Populationin millions
140
150
130
20
10
40
30
50
60
80
70
90
100
110
120
0
■ Which countries have areas with a population of more than 500 inhabitants per km2?
■ Which countries have areas with between 101 and 500 inhabitants per km2?
■ Which countries have areas of low population density? Why?
WORK WITH THE PICTURE
sixty-six sixty-seven66 67
1 Countries in Europe with the biggest populations.
A
B C
2 Multiculturalism brings cultural diversity. A. Chinatown in London. B. The Alhambra in Granada. C. Tower Bridge in London.
3 Map of population density in Europe.
0 300
kilometres
ScaleM e d i t e r r a n e
a n S e a
Baltic Sea
North Sea
Black Sea
Norwegian Sea
Caspian Sea
A R C T I C O C E A N
A
TL
AN
TI
C
OC
EA
N
FINLAND
SWEDENNORWAY
LITHUANIA
LATVIA
ESTONIA
RUSSIA
MALTA
UNITED KINGDOMIRELAND DENMARK
BELGIUM
NETHERLANDS
LUXEMBOURG
GERMANY
PORTUGALSPAIN
FRANCE
ANDORRA
ITALYALBANIA
GREECE
MACEDONIA
SWITZERLAND
CZECH REPUBLIC
POLAND
SLOVAKIA
ROMANIAHUNGARY
AUSTRIA
BELARUS
U K R A I N E
MOLDOVA
BOSNIA &HERZEGOVINA
CROATIASLOVENIA
SERBIABULGARIA
MONTENEGRO KOSOVOT U R K E Y
GEORGIAAZERBAIJAN
ARMENIA
R U S S I A
KAZAKHSTAN
CYPRUS
ICELAND
507046_U09_p89_Densidad de poblacion de Europa
Less than 10 inhabitants/km2
From 10 to 100 inhabitants/km2
From 101 to 500 inhabitants/km2
More than 500 inhabitants/km2
POPULATION DENSITY
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UNIT 6
Reinforcement • Inpairs,Ssmakeagame.Theycutoutsmallcards.Ononecard,theywrite
thepopulationofacountry(seegraphonpage66.)Ontheother,theywritethenameofthecountry.Ssswapcardswithanotherpairandconsultthegraphtomatchthecountrytoitspopulation.Ssgetonepointforeachcorrectmatch.Giveanexample:The population of Germany is (approximately) 80 million.
Extension • SsfindphotosandpicturesofdifferentplacesinEurope(towns,villagesand
cities).Theysortthemintogroupsdependingonthepopulationdensity.Ssstickthephotosontoaposterandthenwriteashorttextexplainingtheirclassification.
Practice Playtrack 6.9.Sslistenandread.
Ask:What is an ‘urban population’?(Apopulationthatlivesinatownorcity.)What is the average population density in Europe? Which countries have high population densities? Which countries have low population densities?
Work with the picture• Readthroughthequestions.Ask
Ss:Where can I find this information?Thensay:Look at the key on the population density map.Ask:What does red show? What colour represents populations between 10 and 100 inhabitants per square kilometre?Ssanswerthequestionsasaclass.
Activities 1 Reviewimmigration,birth rateand
life expectancy.AskSs:How does life expectancy affect population? What other factors affect population? Which of these results in a steady increase in population?
2 ReviewthepopulationdistributioninEurope.Ssanswerthequestionsinpairs.
Playtrack 6.10oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswerswiththerecording.
3 Ssanswerthequestioninpairs.
6.9
6.10
67
KEY COMPETENCES
Ssinterpretinformationaboutpopulationdensitiesfromdensitymaps.
Interpret a population pyramid
A population pyramid is a graph which shows the age and gender of a population.
Learn to read a population pyramid.
1 Copy and complete these formulas.
= births – deaths
number of Population density = area km2
2 What happens to the population when...
■ the birth rate is higher than the death rate?
■ the number of immigrants is lower than the number of emigrants?
3 Calculate the population density of the following provinces.
province population area
Burgos 376,000 14,000 km2
Badajoz 700,000 22,000 km2
Navarre 640,000 10,400 km2
Las Palmas 1,100,000 4,000 km2
Vizcaya 1,160,000 2,200 km2
KNOW HOW TO FINAL ACTIVITIES6
Choose and do one of these activities:
A. USE YOUR ATLAS. Look at the map on pages 10 and 11 of your atlas. Find the four cities with the largest populations.
B. Imagine you are talking to someone from another country who has come to live in your country. Ask questions like: Where are you from? When did you arrive? Why did you move here?
C. ICT. Search the Internet for information about the population of your area: include population distribution, natural growth, etc. Prepare a presentation for your class.
Show your skills
Show that you can do it.
1 Look at the pyramid above and answer.
■ Which country and which year does it represent?
■ How many men and women are there in the 30–34 age group?
■ Which group has more than 2 million people?
2 Compare the Spanish and the Turkish population pyramids.
■ Look at the shape of the pyramids. How are they different?
■ Which of the pyramids has the widest base? And the narrowest peak? What do you think this means?
■ Which country is a ‘young country’? Explain.
4 Copy and complete the table.
population Europe Spain
Number of inhabitants
Population density
Most populated areas
Least populated areas
5 Look at the graph. Explain how emigration and immigration have changed in Spain.
6.11
507046_U10_p101_evol emigracion e inmigracion
2008 2009Year 2010 2011 2012
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Thousands of people
ImmigrantsEmigrants
sixty-eight sixty-nine
1,000,000 3,000,0002,000,0003,000,000 1,000,0002,000,000
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
more than 80
People
AgeMen Women
507046_U08_p76_piramide pobl Espana
Spain 2013
Men are represented on the left.
The title tells us a specific year and place.
The horizontal axis shows the population for each age group.
The bars show the number of people of each gender and of each age group.
Women are represented on the right.
The vertical axis shows the age groups.
4 3 2 1 4321
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
more than 80
Millioninhabitants
AgeMen Women
507046_U09_p90_piramide pobl Turquía
Turkey 2013
68 69
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Objectives • Toapplyknowledgeacquired
intheunittocarryoutatask
• Tointerpretapopulationpyramid
Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:
axis, gender, pyramid; horizontal, vertical
Presentation • Sslookbackthroughtheunitand
reviewthedifferentfactorsthatinfluencepopulation.Elicitideasandwritealistontheboard.Giveanexample:birth rate.
• AskSstolookatthepopulationpyramidatthebottomofthepage.Ask:Why do you think this type of graph is called a pyramid?(Ithasalargerpopulationatthebottomthanatthetop.)
• AskSstolookatthepopulationpyramidofSpainandreadouttheboxesthatexplainit.Ask:Is this a pyramid shape? Why not?(Thereisanageingpopulation,sothereisn’talargerpopulationatthebottom.)
Practice• Explainhowwereadapopulation
pyramid.Ask:Where can we find the information about age groups?(Intheverticalaxis.)What colour represents women?(Orange.)And men?(Blue.)What do the numbers on the horizontal axis represent?(Thepopulationofeachagegroup.)Ssanswerthequestionsinpairs.
• SslookatthepopulationpyramidsofSpainandTurkey.Ask:What shape is each population pyramid?Ssanswerthequestionsinpairs.
Reinforcement • Insmallgroups,SsaskandanswerquestionsaboutthepopulationsofSpain
andTurkeyusingthetwopopulationpyramids.Doanexample:In Spain, which age group had the fewest men?(75to79.)
Extension • Inpairs,SssearchtheInternettofindpopulationpyramidsfordifferent
countriesaroundtheworld.Theycomparethepyramidsandwriteashorttextdescribingwherethepopulationislargestandsmallest.Theypresenttheirpyramidsonaposter,ordigitally.
68
Interpret a population pyramid
A population pyramid is a graph which shows the age and gender of a population.
Learn to read a population pyramid.
1 Copy and complete these formulas.
= births – deaths
number of Population density = area km2
2 What happens to the population when...
■ the birth rate is higher than the death rate?
■ the number of immigrants is lower than the number of emigrants?
3 Calculate the population density of the following provinces.
province population area
Burgos 376,000 14,000 km2
Badajoz 700,000 22,000 km2
Navarre 640,000 10,400 km2
Las Palmas 1,100,000 4,000 km2
Vizcaya 1,160,000 2,200 km2
KNOW HOW TO FINAL ACTIVITIES6
Choose and do one of these activities:
A. USE YOUR ATLAS. Look at the map on pages 10 and 11 of your atlas. Find the four cities with the largest populations.
B. Imagine you are talking to someone from another country who has come to live in your country. Ask questions like: Where are you from? When did you arrive? Why did you move here?
C. ICT. Search the Internet for information about the population of your area: include population distribution, natural growth, etc. Prepare a presentation for your class.
Show your skills
Show that you can do it.
1 Look at the pyramid above and answer.
■ Which country and which year does it represent?
■ How many men and women are there in the 30–34 age group?
■ Which group has more than 2 million people?
2 Compare the Spanish and the Turkish population pyramids.
■ Look at the shape of the pyramids. How are they different?
■ Which of the pyramids has the widest base? And the narrowest peak? What do you think this means?
■ Which country is a ‘young country’? Explain.
4 Copy and complete the table.
population Europe Spain
Number of inhabitants
Population density
Most populated areas
Least populated areas
5 Look at the graph. Explain how emigration and immigration have changed in Spain.
6.11
507046_U10_p101_evol emigracion e inmigracion
2008 2009Year 2010 2011 2012
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Thousands of people
ImmigrantsEmigrants
sixty-eight sixty-nine
1,000,000 3,000,0002,000,0003,000,000 1,000,0002,000,000
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
more than 80
People
AgeMen Women
507046_U08_p76_piramide pobl Espana
Spain 2013
Men are represented on the left.
The title tells us a specific year and place.
The horizontal axis shows the population for each age group.
The bars show the number of people of each gender and of each age group.
Women are represented on the right.
The vertical axis shows the age groups.
4 3 2 1 4321
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
more than 80
Millioninhabitants
AgeMen Women
507046_U09_p90_piramide pobl Turquía
Turkey 2013
68 69
ES0000000023524 657244_Unidad 06_27127.indd 68-69 16/04/2015 12:13
UNIT 6
Reinforcement • SsplayHangmanorTwenty Questionswithkeywordsfromtheunit.
Extension • Sschooseacountryinanothercontinent.TheysearchtheInternettofindout
thecountry’spopulationandwhichplaceshavethelargestandthesmallestpopulations.Then,theyfindoutwhatthepopulationdensityisforthebiggestcities.Ssusedifferenttypesofgraphtorepresentthedata.Then,theypresenttheirresearchtotheclass.
Objectives • Torevisekeyvocabularyand
conceptsfromtheunit
• TogiveSstheopportunitytoevaluatetheirownlearning
Key language • Keyvocabularyandstructures:
revisionofUnit6
Presentation • Reviewthedifferentthemesofthe
unit.Ask:What is the birth rate? What is migration? What is population density?
Activities 1 Sscopytheformulasintotheir
notebooks.Inpairs,theycompletethem.
2 Reviewthetermsbirth rate, death rate, immigrantandemigrant.Sslookbackthroughtheunittocompletetheactivity.
3 WorkoutthepopulationdensityofBurgosasaclass.Sscalculatetheotherpopulationdensitiesinpairs.
4 Sscopythetableintotheirnotebooks.Inpairs,theylookbackthroughtheunitandcompletethetable.
Playtrack 6.11oftheClassAudio.Sslistenandcomparetheiranswerswiththerecording.
5 Sslookatthegraph.Ask:Which line represents the immigrants? Which line represents the emigrants?Ssdiscussthechangesinpairs.ThenSsfeedbacktheirideasasaclass.
Show your skills• Readtheoptions.Makesurethe
Ssunderstandtheactivitiesandallthevocabulary.
• PuttheSsintogroupsaccordingtotheactivitytheywishtodo.
6.11
69
TEST YOURSELF
Check your progressCopy and write the correct answers in your notebook.
Check your vocabulary
active population all adults who are able to work.
ageing population a population with more elderly people than young people.
birth rate the number of babies born in a place in one year.
climate the weather in a particular region over a long period of time.
climate graph a graph that shows the temperatures and precipitation in an area over one year.
Congress of Deputies the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament.
death rate the number of people who die in a place in one year.
democracy a country where all citizens are equal before the law with equal rights and duties.
emigrants people who leave their country to live in another country.
European Union the institution made up of 28 European countries. The aim is to establish economic, political and social cooperation between the member countries.
immigrants people who come to live in a new country.
inactive population all adults who are not able or allowed to work.
life expectancy the number of years a person is expected to live.
migration when people move from one country to another.
migration rate the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.
natural growth the difference between the number of people who are born in a place in one year and the number of people who die.
ozone layer part of the upper stratosphere that absorbs radiation.
Parliamentary Monarchy a country where the Head of State is the monarch. He or she does not govern the country nor establish the laws.
population density the number of people living in a square kilometre.
population pyramid a graph which shows the age and gender of a population.
Senate the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament.
Spanish Constitution the most important law in Spain.
Spanish government the body that runs the country. The head is the President and he is helped by his ministers.
stratosphere the layer of atmosphere above the troposphere.
sustainable development improving quality of life without damaging it for future generations.
troposphere the layer of atmosphere closest to the Earth.
vegetation the plants found in an area.
1 The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface is...
a. the stratosphere.b. the ozone layer.c. the troposphere.
2 The predominant climate in Spain is...
a. Mediterranean.b. Oceanic.c. Subtropical.
3 The climate in the Canary Islands is...
a. Subtropical.b. Mountainous.c. Mediterranean.
4 Plants like dragon trees and laurel forests are from...
a. Oceanic climates.b. Mediterranean climates.c. Subtropical climates.
5 If we calculate the number of people who live in one square kilometre, it is...
a. the population density.b. the number of people who live there.c. the natural growth of an area.
6 In most regions of Spain, the population is denser in...
a. the cities.b. the villages.c. the interior.
7 The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a place is called...
a. natural growth.b. mortality.c. the migration rate.
8 The European Commission is the…
a. Parliament of Europe.b. Governing body of Europe.c. Courts of Justice of Europe.
9 The European Court of Justice has its headquarters in…
a. Strasbourg.b. Brussels.c. Luxembourg.
10 In the Eurozone there are…
a. 20 member countries, including Spain.b. 18 member countries, including Spain.c. 22 member countries, including Spain.
Check your answers
Correct the wrong answers.
Write in your notebook which lessons you need to practise more.
1 Write a description of the Oceanic climate in Spain. Include information about:■ precipitation.■ temperatures.■ vegetation.
2 Choose a country of the European Union and find out these facts. When did it join the European Union? Does it belong to the Eurozone? What are the official languages of the country?
Think like a geographer
TERM 2
1.000.000500.000 2.000.0001.500.0002.000.000 500.0001.500.000 1.000.000
75-7980-8485-89
70-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
more than90
People
AgeMen Women
507046_ponte a prueba 2 _p99_h01_pir pobl Espana 2050
200.000 600.000400.000600.000 400.000 200.000
Men Women
507046_ponte a prueba 2 _p99_h02_pir pobl Bolivia 2050
75-7980-8485-89
70-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
more than90
People
Age
seventy-one 7170 seventy
The population of a country is considered as ageing when 15 out of every 100 inhabitants are older than 65. In Spain, 18 out of every 100 inhabitants are over 65. Life expectancy in Spain is increasing. The birth rate in Spain is low.
■ What will the population pyramid of Spain look like in the future? Choose one of the pyramids. Explain in your notebook why you think it is the correct pyramid.
ES0000000023524 657244_Repaso 2_27126.indd 70-71 16/04/2015 12:13
Objectives • Torevisethekeyconceptsof
Units4to6
• Toprovidedefinitionsofkeyvocabularyinordertoreviselanguageandthematicconcepts
• Togivestudentstheopportunitytocompleteaself-assessmenttest
Presentation• ExplaintoSsthattheyaregoingto
revisevocabularyaboutclimate,theinstitutionsofSpainandEuropeandthepopulationofSpainandEurope.
• Theywilldoaself-assessmenttesttochecktheirprogress.
Check your vocabulary• Inpairs,Sstaketurnstoreadout
thewordsandtheirdefinitions.Theycanchoosetwoorthreewordsandtrytosaythedefinitionstoeachotherwithoutlooking.
• Then,theytesteachother:oneSreadsoutadefinitionandtheirpartnersaystheword.Then,theyswaproles.
Key competencesLinguistic communication
• TheCheck your vocabularysectionencouragespracticeofcommunicationskillsbyaskingSstoreadandsaydefinitionsinEnglish.
Learning to learn
• TheCheck your vocabularysectionhelpsstudentsthinkupwaystomemorizeorrecallgeographicaldefinitions.TheCheck your progresssectionallowsSstoassesstheirownlearningandtotrytoimprovetheirperformance.
Competences in Mathematics, Science and Technology
• Inordertothinklikeageographer,itisnecessarytounderstandthetypeofproblemsageographerhastosolve,andtousescientificreasoningtoanalysethenationalpopulation.
70
TEST YOURSELF
Check your progressCopy and write the correct answers in your notebook.
Check your vocabulary
active population all adults who are able to work.
ageing population a population with more elderly people than young people.
birth rate the number of babies born in a place in one year.
climate the weather in a particular region over a long period of time.
climate graph a graph that shows the temperatures and precipitation in an area over one year.
Congress of Deputies the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament.
death rate the number of people who die in a place in one year.
democracy a country where all citizens are equal before the law with equal rights and duties.
emigrants people who leave their country to live in another country.
European Union the institution made up of 28 European countries. The aim is to establish economic, political and social cooperation between the member countries.
immigrants people who come to live in a new country.
inactive population all adults who are not able or allowed to work.
life expectancy the number of years a person is expected to live.
migration when people move from one country to another.
migration rate the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants.
natural growth the difference between the number of people who are born in a place in one year and the number of people who die.
ozone layer part of the upper stratosphere that absorbs radiation.
Parliamentary Monarchy a country where the Head of State is the monarch. He or she does not govern the country nor establish the laws.
population density the number of people living in a square kilometre.
population pyramid a graph which shows the age and gender of a population.
Senate the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament.
Spanish Constitution the most important law in Spain.
Spanish government the body that runs the country. The head is the President and he is helped by his ministers.
stratosphere the layer of atmosphere above the troposphere.
sustainable development improving quality of life without damaging it for future generations.
troposphere the layer of atmosphere closest to the Earth.
vegetation the plants found in an area.
1 The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth's surface is...
a. the stratosphere.b. the ozone layer.c. the troposphere.
2 The predominant climate in Spain is...
a. Mediterranean.b. Oceanic.c. Subtropical.
3 The climate in the Canary Islands is...
a. Subtropical.b. Mountainous.c. Mediterranean.
4 Plants like dragon trees and laurel forests are from...
a. Oceanic climates.b. Mediterranean climates.c. Subtropical climates.
5 If we calculate the number of people who live in one square kilometre, it is...
a. the population density.b. the number of people who live there.c. the natural growth of an area.
6 In most regions of Spain, the population is denser in...
a. the cities.b. the villages.c. the interior.
7 The difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants in a place is called...
a. natural growth.b. mortality.c. the migration rate.
8 The European Commission is the…
a. Parliament of Europe.b. Governing body of Europe.c. Courts of Justice of Europe.
9 The European Court of Justice has its headquarters in…
a. Strasbourg.b. Brussels.c. Luxembourg.
10 In the Eurozone there are…
a. 20 member countries, including Spain.b. 18 member countries, including Spain.c. 22 member countries, including Spain.
Check your answers
Correct the wrong answers.
Write in your notebook which lessons you need to practise more.
1 Write a description of the Oceanic climate in Spain. Include information about:■ precipitation.■ temperatures.■ vegetation.
2 Choose a country of the European Union and find out these facts. When did it join the European Union? Does it belong to the Eurozone? What are the official languages of the country?
Think like a geographer
TERM 2
1.000.000500.000 2.000.0001.500.0002.000.000 500.0001.500.000 1.000.000
75-7980-8485-89
70-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
more than90
People
AgeMen Women
507046_ponte a prueba 2 _p99_h01_pir pobl Espana 2050
200.000 600.000400.000600.000 400.000 200.000
Men Women
507046_ponte a prueba 2 _p99_h02_pir pobl Bolivia 2050
75-7980-8485-89
70-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
more than90
People
Age
seventy-one 7170 seventy
The population of a country is considered as ageing when 15 out of every 100 inhabitants are older than 65. In Spain, 18 out of every 100 inhabitants are over 65. Life expectancy in Spain is increasing. The birth rate in Spain is low.
■ What will the population pyramid of Spain look like in the future? Choose one of the pyramids. Explain in your notebook why you think it is the correct pyramid.
ES0000000023524 657244_Repaso 2_27126.indd 70-71 16/04/2015 12:13
Check your progress• ReviseUnits4to6inafunway.
DescribeoneoftheconceptstheSshavelearnedduringTerm2.Seehowquicklytheycanfindthecorrespondingpageintheirtextbooks.
• Readallthequestionsinthetestandcheckunderstanding.
• Ssanswerthequestionsindividually,intheirnotebooks.
• Ssturntopage104oftheirtextbookstochecktheiranswers.
• OncetheSshavecorrectedtheirtest,theyshouldgobackthroughtheunitstocorrectanywronganswers.
Think like a geographer• Sslookatthepopulationpyramids.
Ask:Which pyramid shows an ageing population? Which shows a larger middle-aged population? Which pyramid do you think will represent Spain in the future? Why?Ssanswerasaclass.Sscompletetheactivityinpairs.
• Modelanswer:The population pyramid of Spain will be like the second pyramid in the future. I think it will be like this because life expectancy is increasing and so there will be more people older than 65. The birth rate in Spain is low, so there will be a low percentage of people under 15.
Answer keyPage 70
1 Modelanswer:The Oceanic climate in Spain is the climate of the north and northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Precipitation is abundant and regular. Rainfall is high throughout the year, although it decreases in summer. The temperatures are mild in winter and warm in summer. Plants are abundant because there is a lot of rain. There are forests and meadows. Typical trees are chestnut and oak.
2 Openanswer.
Page 71
1 c., 2 a., 3 a., 4 c., 5 a., 6 a., 7 c., 8 b., 9 c., 10 b.
71