Social Safeguard Due Diligence Report

Final Report February 2020

AFG: Horticulture Value Chain Development

Sector Project

Establishment of Apple and Pear High-Density Orchards, Southern

Region (Ghazni, Wardak, and Paktika) Provinces (GHA 001, WAR 002,

and PAKT 003)

Prepared by the Central Program Management Office for the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock and the Asian Development Bank.

This social safeguard due diligence report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock Horticulture Value Chain Development Sector Project - HVCDSP

Social Safeguards Due Diligence Report (DDR)

Apple and Pear High Density Orchards Establishment

Southern Region Provinces (Ghazni, Wardak & Paktika)

February 2020

This report is drafted by CPMO Social Safeguards Team and is shared with ADB for their review and approval.

Contents

Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 2

Project Background: .............................................................................................................. 3

Introduction: .......................................................................................................................... 3

Inclusion of additional activities/orchards managements: ...................................................... 4

Information Dissemination: .................................................................................................... 4

Grievance Redress Committee: ............................................................................................ 4

Land Acquisition and Resettlement Due Diligence Findings: ................................................. 5

Subproject impact: ................................................................................................................ 5

Conclusion and Recommendation:........................................................................................ 6

Annexes: ............................................................................................................................... 7

Annex1 ................................................................................................................................. 7

Annex 2............................................................................................................................... 12

Annex 3............................................................................................................................... 15

Annex 4............................................................................................................................... 18

Annex 5............................................................................................................................... 19

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Acronyms

ADB Asian Development Bank ABEs agri-business Enterprises DDR due diligence report CPMO Central Program Management Office GRC Grievance Redress Committee GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism Ha hectare HDO high-density orchard HVCDSP Horticulture Value Chain Development Sector Project MAIL Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock PIU project implementation unit PMU project management unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement

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Project Background 1. The Horticulture Value Chain Development Sector Project (HVCDSP) helps strengthen Afghanistan’s horticulture value chain by (i) improving processing efficiency and marketing capacity of domestic agro-business enterprises (ABEs); (ii) modernizing crop production through better planting material, trellising, modern green houses, and on-farm facilities; and (iii) contributing to the national effort in establishing internationally recognized brands of Afghan horticulture products. The overall objective of the project is to improve production and value addition of horticultural products in Nangarhar, Khost, Kunar, Laghman, Bamyan, Wardak, Ghazni, Paktika, Paktya, Logar, and Kabul provinces where the greatest potential exists for the production of horticultural crops. It will increase value addition for horticulture commodities produced in eleven (11) provinces in central, south, and east of Afghanistan. As such, the Project will contribute to increasing import substitution of fresh and processed fruit and vegetables and expanding exports of high-value fruit vegetables and nuts in which the country has a comparative advantage. 2. To achieve the second objective of the Project (i.e. modernizing crop production through better planting material, trellising, modern green houses, and on-farm facilities), HVCDSP work on the establishment of high-density orchards in its 11 target provinces in order to increase the production and productivity of the perennial horticulture crops. Planting or establishment of high-density orchards is one of the improved production technologies to achieve the objective of enhanced productivity of fruit crops, yield and quality of the product. Introduction Apple & Pear High-density orchards establishment 3. The high-density orchard (HDO) establishment is one of the recent novel concepts of increasing the productivity without affecting the quality of fruits. Afghanistan has great potential for production of horticultural crops but currently with a very low yield per unit of area. The main reasons for low productivity are old and senile orchards, wider spacing between plants and rows, low yielding varieties, poor orchard management and inadequate technological upgrading and adoption by the growers. Presently, the continued decline in the availability of cultivable land, rising energy and land costs, together with the increased demand for fruit and fruit products, have given thrust to the concept of HDOs establishment. High-density planting gives earlier production and higher return per unit area, shortens juvenility, eco-friendly, provides efficient land use and better use of resources like light, water and fertilizers, efficient pesticides application and at the end, the farmer can easily harvest. Among the factors such as cultivar and rootstock, quality of planting material and cultivation practices contribute to high yield of fruit trees. However, the number of trees is the most important factor which brings about radical increase in fruit production. Thus, this practice has great potential for increasing productivity in fruit crops. The success of this technology in most of the fruit crops is dependent on the use of methods to control shoot growth and maximize light interception as the trees begin to bear fruit. 4. HVCDSP has planned to establish 90 jeribs of apple and pear HDOs for 86 farmers in southern provinces namely Ghazni, Wardak, and Paktika provinces in spring of 2020. The Project will also provide tool kits (including pruning shear, pruning lopper, pruning saw, spraying pump, protective kits, a ladder and diammonium phosphate [DAP] fertilizer) to each of the selected beneficiary after subproject approval. Besides this, the farmers which are living there has prolong experience to grow and produce pome fruits. The water which are going to be used for irrigation purposes will be sourced from river, springs, canals, and wells.

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Inclusion of additional activities/orchards managements 5. The HDOs will be established in spring of 2020 in different districts of Ghazni, Wardak, and Paktika provinces in Afghanistan. According to the on-farm subproject specifications, the selected group of farmers (potential beneficiaries) are going to manage the established orchards, tools maintenance and participate in capacity building programs of the project which will be held by the Project team for increased production and improved productivity, orchards management, and post-harvest handling. Information Dissemination 6. The farmers selection methodology was based on a discussion with the community members, Department of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (DAIL) representative in relevant districts and Project staff. The Project was explained and relevant authorities including DAIL representative were briefed on potential project activities in each district. After community consultations, the technical officers of the project identified potential beneficiaries, visited their sites, and will process the subproject investment proposals (SIPs), subproject investment reports (SIRs), and at the end reach to an agreement which is called subproject agreements (SPA). The project team filled resettlement checklists (Annex 4) for each individual farmer and community consultation forms for each of the communities (Annex 2). Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) 7. For grievance redress mechanism (GRM), a district level grievance redress committee consisting of 4 persons will be established. During a discussion with the Project Management and HVCDSP staff in the field, it had been agreed that the following members will comprise the committee: (i) one Extension Officer of relevant District Agriculture Office (DAIL official representative); (ii) one community elder; (iii) one Project Provincial Horticulture Officer (HVCDSP); and (iv) beneficiary himself. 8. The local communities were consulted for the upcoming project plans through consultation session in their respective areas (either community, district or province) prior to commencement of works. The committee members will be made aware of the project interventions well in advance and if any issue arises during the project implementation phase, so that they can timely redress the grievance and report to the Project Management. 9. The local communities were consulted for the upcoming project plans through consultation sessions in their respective areas prior to commencement of works. They were made aware of the project interventions and informed them in case any issue arises during the implementation phase of the project, so that they can timely redress the grievance and report to the Project Management. 10. A GRM will be available free of cost to allow an aggrieved affected person (AP) appealing any disagreeable decision, practice, or activity arising from land or other assets compensation. Beneficiaries have been informed of the GRM through a public disclosure document and will be further informed of the mechanism by project implementation unit (PIU) staff during implementation. The GRM has been established prior to commencement of HDOs establishment. 11. Beneficiaries will be able to make a complaint in writing to the GRC by filling in a complaint/logbook which will be used to provide complaints and comments. Complaint/logbooks will be provided by the PIU. GRC or any member of the GRC will be tasked to inform the beneficiaries as to this process, and the wider community made aware, preferably through a sign board.

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12. The GRC will inform the PIU of new complaint/logbook entries within one week, using pro-forma letters prepared by the Central Program Management Office (CPMO) social safeguards officer. PIU will respond to complaints within 30 days of the complaint registration date. PIU staff will attempt to address the complaint at field level. If they are unsuccessful, they will refer the matter to the PIU manager, who may communicate with or call a meeting with Project Management Unit (PMU) and PIU staff and with the beneficiaries. If this is unsuccessful, s/he will refer the matter to PMU for resolution which should respond within 45 days. 13. An aggrieved AP always has final recourse through Afghanistan’s legal channels at any stage of the GRM process and may refer to the appropriate courts at his/her own cost; however, every effort will be made to avoid this since the legal recourse has the potential to temporarily halt the project implementation. 14. In case impact emerges during the project implementation stage, such impacts will need to be immediately assessed and addressed as per the requirements of Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. Discussions were held with HVCDSP/ Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock (MAIL) in this regard and it has been agreed upon. Land Acquisition and Resettlement Due Diligence Findings 15. The selected areas Ghazni, Wardak, and Paktika provinces are located in southern Afghanistan, which are under the coverage of the HVCDSP. This subproject (establishment of HDOs) activity is designed for 86 farmers (Annex 1) which are going to establish a total number of 90 jeribs (18 ha) of apple and pear HDOs. The selected beneficiaries will implement these activities in their own lands based on the mutual signed agreement attached as Annex 5. The HDOs establishment apart from the increased in production and productivity and job creation for local labour, will also have good effect in the society at large.

(i) Subproject 1 implementation in Ghazni province: Center, Qarabagh, and Khwaja Omari districts are located in Ghazni province and are under the coverage of the HVCDSP targeted areas, the on-farm subproject (establishment of apple HDOs) activity has been designed for 29 farmers (Annex 1) where the project is intended to establish 30 jeribs (6 ha) of HDOs. A total of 29 farmers will implement these subprojects in their own lands and they had agreed to do so.

(ii) Subproject 2 implementation in Wardak province: The selected areas (Centre,

Chak, & Sayed Abad districts) are located in Wardak province and are under the coverage of the HVCDSP targeted areas. The on-farm subproject (establishment of apple and pear HDOs) activity is designed for 35 farmers (Annex 1). For the establishment of 35 jeribs (7 ha) of apple HDOs, the selected beneficiaries (35 farmers) will implement these subprojects in their own lands.

(iii) Subproject 3 implementation in Paktika province: These selected areas,

(Sharana, Yousaf khel, and Orgon districts) are located in Paktika province which are under the coverage of the HVCDSP. This on-farm subproject (establishment of HDOs) activity here is designed for 22 farmers (Annex 1) a total number of 25 jeribs (5 ha) of apple HDOs will be established in above mentioned districts.

Subproject impact 16. Any negative impact (land acquisition and resettlement) from this subproject will be immediately assessed and addressed as per the requirements of SPS and HVCDSP Project

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Administration Manual. Discussions are held between HVCDSP and CPMO technical team, MAIL in this regard and it has been agreed upon. Conclusion and Recommendation 17. The contracts are small scale in nature having no Land Acquisition and Resettlement impact and are intended to bring positive economic change in the lives of people specially farmers. During the consultation with the community, majority of the farmers said that prior to this opportunity (establishment of HDOs), they were used to grow wheat and other low value crops on their lands for which the economic return was not sufficient in comparison with the time, effort and cost. Now they assured the Project that with the establishment of these orchards, in very near future, they will have greater earnings from their lands.

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Annexes

Annex1

List of beneficiaries (Ghazni Province)

No Farmer Name Father Name Province Distract Village Land Size

Interviewer Name

1 Ahmadullah Abdul Ali Ghazni Center Ahmad Abad 1 Moh.Alem Amin

2 Haji Shafiq Mohammad Rafiq Ghazni Center Deh Khdiad 1 Moh.Alem Amin

3

Haji Mohammad Nawab

Haji Nawaz Khan Ghazni Center Deh Khdiad 1 Moh.Alem Amin

4 Haji Abdul Latif

Nasruden Ghazni Center Koshk 1 Moh.Alem Amin

5 Naser Ahmad Khan Mohammad Ghazni Center Godal Rayat 1 Moh.Alem Amin

6 Mohammad Ismael

Azizullah Ghazni Center Kariz Bala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

7 Abdul Salam Bismillah Ghazni Center Kariz Bala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

8

Haji Mohammad Mir

Haji Sayed Mir Ghazni Center Kariz Bala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

9 Hamidullah Rahmatullah Ghazni Qarabagh Perogai 1 Moh.Alem Amin

10 Saifaden Ghulam Mujtaba Ghazni Qarabagh Layaq 1 Moh.Alem Amin

11 Mohammad Salim

Mohammad Nawaz Ghazni Qarabagh Jarkana 1 Moh.Alem Amin

12 Abdullah Mohammad Yousaf Ghazni Qarabagh Marwat Qala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

13 Ghulam Rasul Ghulam Sarwar Ghazni Qarabagh Marwat Qala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

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14 Gul Ahmad Habibullah Ghazni Qarabagh Wolidad 1 Moh.Alem Amin

15 Ehsanullah Ghulam Naqshband Ghazni Qarabagh Qale Khan 1 Moh.Alem Amin

16 Ghulam Sarwar

Hayat Khan Ghazni Qarabagh Naso khel 1 Moh.Alem Amin

17 Ahmad Shah Amanullah Ghazni Khwaja Umari Qal-E-Now Bala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

18 Mohammad Fahim

Multan Ghazni Khwaja Umari Qal-E-Now Paeen 1 Moh.Alem Amin

19 Said Ali Husain

Sayed Faqer Husain Ghazni Center Bakoal 1 Moh.Alem Amin

20 Mohammad Esa

Mohammad Yousaf Ghazni Center Zarger 1 Moh.Alem Amin

21 Mohmmad Hasan

Eid mohammad Ghazni Center Wazir Abad 1 Moh.Alem Amin

22 Mohammad Musa

Nmohammad Hasan Ghazni Khwaja Umari Deh Nehal 1 Moh.Alem Amin

23 Ramazan Ali Mersonat Ghazni Khwaja Umari Aqasi 1 Moh.Alem Amin

24 Masood Mohammad Safar Ghazni Khwaja Umari Deh Nehal 1 Moh.Alem Amin

25 Khdidad Haji Mano Ghazni Qarabagh Tarinan 1 Moh.Alem Amin

26 M. Sadiq Amin Shah Ghazni Qarabagh Ka Ka Kala 1 Moh.Alem Amin

27 Sham Gul Khair Gul Ghazni Center Hasan Abad 1 Moh.Alem Amin

28 Abdul Wahab Wali Mohammad Ghazni Center Rawza 1 Moh.Alem Amin

29 Dost Moh Abdul Karim Ghazni Center Arbaba Sahib 1 Moh.Alem Amin

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Annex 1

List of Beneficiaries (Wardak Province)

No Farmer Name Father Name Province Distract Village Land Size Interviewee

Name

1 Azizrahamn Fazalrahman Wardak Sayed Abad Badi khel 1 Shakib Rokhan

2 Haji Mohammad Sayed Akbar Wardak Sayed Abad Kodal 1 Shakib Rokhan

3 Sayed Mohammad

Wali Mohammad Wardak Sayed Abad Toop 1 Shakib Rokhan

4 Mohmadullah Sayed Habib Wardak Sayed Abad Bashi Qala 1 Shakib Rokhan

5 Mohammad Sarwar

Mohammad Latif Wardak Sayed Abad khwaja kurgai 1 Shakib Rokhan

6 Haji Momin Mohammad Jamal Wardak Sayed Abad Dasht Toop 1 Shakib Rokhan

7 Mohammad Arif Mohammad Sharif Wardak Sayed Abad Hakim khel 1 Shakib Rokhan

8 Alla Gull Haji Mohammad Wardak Sayed Abad khwaja kurgai 1 Shakib Rokhan

9 Mohammad Hamid

Mohammad Nabi Wardak Sayed Abad Kachkala 1 Shakib Rokhan

10 Sanagul Khumar Wardak Sayed Abad Dasht Toop 1 Shakib Rokhan

11 Mohammad Dawod

Moh latif Wardak Sayed Abad Khwja kala 1 Shakib Rokhan

12 Mohammad Nayem

Sadu Khan Wardak Sayed Abad Babar Khel 1 Shakib Rokhan

13 shahwali jumagul Wardak Sayed Abad Mangali 1 Shakib Rokhan

14 Janatgul Noor ahmad Wardak Sayed Abad Mangali 1 Shakib Rokhan

15 Abdul Hakim Habibullah Wardak Sayed Abad Payendakhel 1 Shakib Rokhan

16 Moh dawod Ahmad jan Wardak Sayed Abad Mastikhel 1 Shakib Rokhan

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No Farmer Name Father Name Province Distract Village Land Size Interviewee

Name

17 Ahmad Gul Gul Amin Wardak Sayed Abad Haider khel 1 Shakib Rokhan

18 Waheedullah Abdullah Wardak Center Charaki 1 Shakib Rokhan

19 Azimullah Ali jan Wardak Center Ibrahem khel 1 Shakib Rokhan

20 Hamid Abdul Hamid Wardak Center Badin khel 1 Shakib Rokhan

21 Mirwis Amir Moh Wardak Center kasozai 1 Shakib Rokhan

22 Mohammad Sarwar

Mohammad Din Wardak Center Hajino Kali 1 Shakib Rokhan

23 shamsullah Rahmatullah Wardak Center Charaki 1 Shakib Rokhan

24 Mohamadullah Bismellah Wardak Center Bashi Qala 1 Shakib Rokhan

25 Fazul Rabi Mohammad Ghaws Wardak Chack Mado 1 Shakib Rokhan

26 Razudin Jalaludin Wardak Chack Dalak Allah Sang 1 Shakib Rokhan

27 Mohammad Fazel

Sardar Khan Wardak Chack Bombai 1 Shakib Rokhan

28 Abdullah Amir Mohammad Wardak Sayed Abad Sai Say 1 Shakib Rokhan

29 Amanullah Haji Amir jan Wardak Chack Allah sang 1 Shakib Rokhan

30 Subhanallah samar gul Wardak Chack Sunikhel 1 Shakib Rokhan

31 Moh Yaqut Hayatullah Wardak Chack Allah sang 1 Shakib Rokhan

32 Fazal rahem Abdul khalil Wardak Chack Zab 1 Shakib Rokhan

33 Rohani Abdurahman Wardak Sayed Abad khwaja kurgai 1 Shakib Rokhan

34 Muhibullah Sayed jan Wardak Sayed Abad Mohaidin 1 Shakib Rokhan

35 Zaiauhullah Moh rasul Wardak Chack Allah sang 1 Shakib Rokhan

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Annex 1 List of Beneficiaries (Paktika Province)

No Farmer Name Father Name Province Distract Village Land Size

Interviewer Name

1 Abdullah Hazrat khan Paktika Sharana kandos 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

2 Mohhamd Ali Eid gull Paktika Sharana Dadyan 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

3 Najeebullah M. Husain Paktika Sharana Jabarkhel 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

4 Ismail Khail Mohammad Paktika Sharana Milawal 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

5 Maiwand Habibullah Paktika Sharana Haji Hakim khan 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

6 Dawlat Khan Sher Khan Paktika Sharana Khwaja khel 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

7 Rahim khan Ahmad Shah Paktika Sharana Newy sra Kala 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

8 Mohhamd Rasool Mohammad Rahim Paktika Sharana Karakhel 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

9 Alif Shah Hazrat khan Paktika Sharana Sayed Ahmad 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

10 Jan Mohammad Gull Jan Paktika Sharana Dalo 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

11 Asghar Khan Omar khan Paktika Yousafkhel Baratkhel 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

12 Nizamudin MeerGhaosdin Paktika Yousafkhel bokhankhel 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

13 Mohammad Rahim Sardar Paktika Yousafkhel Mesth 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

14 Salman khan Abdurahman Paktika Yousafkhel Zmraikot 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

15 Habibullah Haji jalat khan Paktika Orgon Mandokhel 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

16 Rahmat Khan Hayat khan Paktika Orgon Dahna 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

17 M. Shafiq Sherin Gull Paktika Orgon Balish 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

18 Ajab khan Ghazi khan Paktika Orgon Peerkoti 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

19 Haji Musa khan Bismila Jan Paktika Orgon Noorullah kala 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

20 Mla Hamidullah Sayed Dibal Khan Paktika Orgon Shekhan Bala 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

21 Haji Mohammad mohammad Jan Paktika Orgon Haider 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

22 Wazir Haji Akbar khan Paktika Yousafkhel Zmraikot 1 Arafat & Ziaudin

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Annex 2

List of community members consulted before sub project implementation

No Name Title Village District Province Agency Cell Phone

1 Khosh Mohammad Farmer Godol Rait Center Ghazni Community 07948558796

2 Noor Ahmad Farmer Godol Rait Center Ghazni Community 0790701534

3 Khial Mohammad

Farmer Godol Rait Center

Ghazni Community 0783082595

4 Mohammadullah

Farmer Godol Rait Center

Ghazni Community 0744774565

5 Merajuden Farmer Layeq Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0747048549

6 Moh.Sulaiman

Farmer Layeq Qarabagh Ghazni Community

7 Aslam

Farmer Layeq Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0749487590

8 Khodida

Farmer Layeq Qarabagh Ghazni Community

9 Peer Mohammad

Farmer Marwat Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0744936595

10 Moh.Yousaf

Farmer Marwat Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0744502214

11 Moh.Yaqoob Farmer Marwat Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0792388860

12 Moh.Akabar

Farmer Marwat Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0744301742

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Annex 2

List of community members consulted before subproject implementation

No Name Title Village District Province Agency Cell Phone

1 Sher Ahmad Farmer Jer Kana Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0744254300

2 Nasratullah Farmer Jer Kana Qarabagh Ghazni Community 0744938285

3 Haji Mustafa Farmer Jer Kana Qarabagh Ghazni Community

4 Moh.Mosa Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community 0799003130

5 Nafas Ali Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community 0790791820

6 Husain Bakhsh Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community 0706251029

7 Hasan Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community

8 Abdullah Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community 0792252437

9 Moh.Ismail Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community 0744484477

10 Masood Farmer Denehal Khwaja Omari Ghazni Community 0787066331

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Annex 2

List of community members consulted before subproject implementation

No Name Title Village District Province Agency Cell Phone

1 Adbul Malik Community Elder Kutasharo Maidan Shar Wardak Community 0780128010

2 Rahmatullah Community Elder Kutasharo Maidan Shar Wardak Community 0700085569

3 Ehsanullah Extension Head Maidan Shar Wardak DAIL 0777712575

4 Obaidullah Extension Worker Sayed Abad Wardak DAIL 0774781568

5 Moh.Abed Horticulture Officer Maidan Shar Wardak DAIL 0776192404

6 Ruhullah Machinery Officer Maidan Shar Wardak DAIL 0776213328

7 Haji Jumadin Farmer Zaibudagh Maidan Shar Wardak Community 0771415015

8 Wahedullah Farmer Charaki Maidan Shar Wardak Community 0772456006

9 Moh.Nayem Farmer Babar Khil Sayed Abad Wardak Community 0778382973

10 Fazal Rahim Farmer Mado Chack Wardak Community 0770222087

11 Amanullah Farmer Ailahsang Chack Wardak Community 0780811614

12 Muhibullah Farmer Mangali Sayed Abad Wardak Community 0766683737

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Annex 3

Community consultation and site selection pictures, Ghazni Province

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Annex 3 Community consultation and site selection pictures – Wardak Province

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Annex 3 Community consultation and site selection pictures – Paktika Province

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Annex 4

Resettlement checklist

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Annex 5

HVCDSP and Community Agreement