Social Psychology

Social PsychologyNormsConformityObediencePrejudiceAltruismBefore we continueWhat happened in our demonstration?

What did most people do?

What did most people NOT do?

Why?Conformity? Why?Obedience? Why?Both?

2Quack Like a DuckWhy did you do what you did? Didnt? Conformity Adjusting ones behavior orthinking (attitude) to coincide with the group standard.Obedience to authority figure Willingness toconform to the demands of an authority.Social role playingFulfilling the expectations of ones role (student/teacher)

3Conformity

ConformitySocial Psychology research found that under certain conditions, people will conform to a groups standards, even when the group is CLEARLY WRONG.Solomon Asch (1955)Pretend that you have volunteered for a visual perception study.When you arrive, you find 7 other subjects already seated in a row; you sit in empty chair at the end.The experimenter reveals 2 cards & asks you to determine which of the 3 comparison lines is the same length as the standard line.

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6Starting at the far end of the row away from you, each subject is asked individually for their answer. Everyone gives the correct answer, and you say the obviously correct answer at your turn.Card is changed, same processno problem.Next trial, when other participants give their response, they all choose the wrong line (all the same wrong line!)!Now its your turn to respond againWhat do you say?

7Tests ReturnedLook over your MC Score65 points (curved to 62) 2/335/50 (70%) or better is a great goal!Students who get 70 or better on the AP exam pass the test with a 3, 4, or 5Midterm ScoresTests ReturnedLook over your FRQ Score35 points (curved to 32) 1/3READ THE RUBRIC and compare what you wrote side-by-sideWhat did you do well?What did you misunderstand?How could you improve for the next test?Did you do the review before the exam?Did you come to the Flex review?Do you write definitions in CCN carefully?Do you answer rewind questions?Do you do the mini FRQs in your CCN?FRQ Content StuffPoint 1 Levels of the IVDefinitions dont score alone, of courseBut many people put that the IV is the variable that the experimenter changesDont both variables change? That is why they are variable.The better word is manipulatesPoint 5 Cause and EffectCorrelation DOES NOT EVER mean causation.ONLY experiments can prove causation.This was an experiment, thus it proved causation.If you used the word correlation, you might have negated your responseBE CAREFULFRQ Structure StuffHandwriting was fantastic!MOST people wrote in paragraph form.MOST people underlined the key terms*Dont underline a million other things just the key term from the questionIVDVCause/EffectStatistical SignificanceDebriefing

FRQ Structure StuffTDAAT - You should use words from the question IN your FRQ, especially the KEY terms (underline)D This is not required, but it saved SO many people.A Just applying the term to the studyEx. What is the IV? What is the DV?A Answering the questionEx. What are the levels of IV? How did they measure the DV?RecaptureYour chance to recapture POINTS and recapture the KNOWLEDGE to prepare for the final exam.Follow EVERY step and you can recapture ALL points missed.Skip steps and you will only recapture partial credit.NOT available as an option for the final examNOT available if you are absent on the day of the next midterm exam (you will get only one shot)

You may have guessed by now that the other 7 participants were confederates of experimenter.Results:75% of participants went along with the groups consensus at least once.Considering all trials combined, subjects agreed with the group 1/3 of the time.Asch: (start at 7:07)Asch StudyReenactment:Conformity Study

14Why Do We conform?Normative Social InfluenceWe do not want others to notice usWe dont want to stand out and be differentWe want others to like usWe are normal?We dont want to violate a normInformational Social InfluenceWe dont have enough information to decide against conformingIt appears that others have more information and know more than we do.Influence Normative or InformationalWhat is a Norm? Unwritten social rules that govern our behavior. (not a law or a rule in the structured sense)

What is the norm for elevators? ElevatorHow is it violated?How did the subject respond?

Violating a norm is NOT just acting wacky or wearing crazy clothes. It is determining the normal behavior and acting differently.*Norm Violation Homework DUE: October 22Conformity Increases When:one is made to feel incompetent or insecure.the group has at least 3 people.the group is unanimous.one admires the groups status.one has make no prior commitment to any response (attitude actions).others in the group observe ones behavior.ones culture strongly encourages respect for social standards.PERSONAL REFLECTION

17Obedience to AuthorityHow are compliance & conformity different? Conformity: Adjusting behavior to match a group. Any pressure is internal/unspoken.Compliance:preceded by a command from an individual or groupObedience: The willingness to comply with the DEMANDS of authority (a group or individiual).

18Obedience to AuthorityHow far will we go to follow the orders of anauthority figure?

Stanley Milgrim (1963)One of the most famous and widely recognized psychological studies.Raised the ethics of using humans in research.Wanted to understand WWII atrocities.

19MethodsImagine you and another participant arrive at a laboratory for an experiment called "The Effects of Punishment on Learning." After being greeted by an experimenter, he randomly assigns you to be the "teacher" and the other participant to be the "learner." The learner is led to another room and hooked up to a shock machine.

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Mr. Wallace21MethodsThe teacher reads a list of word pairs (Example: clear goes with air.). If the answer is wrong, the learner receives a shock.With each mistake, you move to the next lever administering a more intense shock (begins at 15 volts, increases by 15v each lever to 450v).You dont know it, but the learner is a confederate of the experimenter. Everything is scripted.

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23What would you do?Prediction: Average estimate was 1.2% to 450 volts; average estimated response was 135 volts.Results:26 out of 40 (65%) went to 450 volts.

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VoltageLearner responseExperimenter response 75 grunts1. Please continue 120 shouts in pain2. The experiment requires you to continue. 150 says he refuses to continue3. It is absolutely essential that you continue. 200 blood-curdling screams4. You have no other choice but to continue. 300 refuses to answer, heart condition 330+ silence25

26Further ApplicationsHofflingNursesDoctor ordersOver medicationThe Third WaveRon JonesThe Wave

Strengthening ObedienceThe person giving orders is close and perceived as an authority.Lab coat/clip board/nearbyThe person is supported by prestigious title.Dr. The victim is depersonalized.In another roomMask over face (Zimbardo prison)Referred to as learner or prisoner # There were no role models for disobedience or defiance.What happened to those role models in Zimbardos study?What is a Norm?Unwritten social rules that govern our behavior. (not a law or a rule in the structured sense)

What is the norm you violated start with what people expected you to do.

How/where did you violate the norm?

How did you feel before?

How did you feel after?

How did people respond (behaviors only, unless you explain how you know the internal stuff)?Footagehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCVlI-_4GZQ

Extra Credit*Write your answer and fold the paper*No Names!! (anonymous)Yes = Give me alone extra credit (20 points)*If there is more than one yes, nobody gets extra creditNo = Dont give me extra credit *If EVERYONE writes no, everyone gets extra credit (5 points)