Social Neuroscience...Neuroscience of animal behaviors …“speaking to an animal in its own...

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Social Neuroscience Saikat Ray Dept. of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science 2020 Introduction to Neuroscience – Behavioral Neuroscience

Transcript of Social Neuroscience...Neuroscience of animal behaviors …“speaking to an animal in its own...

Page 1: Social Neuroscience...Neuroscience of animal behaviors …“speaking to an animal in its own language” (studying behaviors relevant to it) …“and in its own world.” (studying

Social Neuroscience

Saikat Ray

Dept. of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science

2020

Introduction to Neuroscience – Behavioral Neuroscience

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Diversity of social behaviors

Aggression

Deconstruction of parenting

Social bonding and hierarchy

Representation of others – social identity

Outline

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Nest building – Attracting mates

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Coordinated Behavior – Hermit crab shell exchanges

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Cooperative Behavior – Chimps cooperating

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Cooperative Behavior – Across species

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Aggression

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Aggression

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Hypothalamus

-Sleep

-Feeding

-Arousal

-Aggression

-Blood pressure

-Temperature Control

-Social hormones like

oxytocin & vasopressin

Ventromedial nucelus

Aggression – Hypothalamus

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Aggression – Ventromedial hypothalamus

cFos+ cells in

ventromedial hypothalamus

Anderson and colleagues

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Aggression – Activating cells in ventromedial hypothalamus

with optogenetics

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Aggression – Activating cells in ventromedial hypothalamus

causes aggression

Anderson and colleagues

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Aggression – Activating cells in ventromedial hypothalamus

causes aggression

An interesting aspect

was that they attacked

moving objects more

Anderson and colleagues

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Aggression – Infanticide of others’ pups

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Male mice who have mated, switch to parenting

and not be infanticidal ~3 weeks after mating

(which is the gestation time in mice)

– also to others’ pups

Male mice are

normally infanticidal

Parenting – Switch from infanticide to parenting

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – What is changing in the brain?

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – What is changing in the brain?

Medial preoptic area in hypothalamusDulac and colleagues

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Parenting – What is changing in the brain?

Hypothalamus

-Sleep

-Feeding

-Arousal

-Aggression

-Blood pressure

-Temperature Control

-Social hormones like

oxytocin & vasopressin

Medial Preoptic Area (MPOA)

-Sleep

-Temperature control

-Sexual behaviors

-Parental behaviors

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Parenting – Galanin+ neurons in MPOA activated in parents

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Galanin+ neurons in MPOA

Cre mouse

To target only Gal+ neurons

Inject virus with toxin in MPOA

to target only Gal+ neurons

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Galanin+ neurons in MPOA

Inject virus with channelrhodopsin

in MPOA to target only Gal+ neurons

and then shine blue light to activate them

Dulac and colleagues

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10 min break – followed by Questions

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Parenting – Galanin+ neurons in MPOA

What other aspects of parenting do

these neurons influence?

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Parenting – Different Galanin+ neurons project to different areas

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Different Galanin+ neurons project to different areas

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Different Galanin+ neurons project to different areas

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Responses of Gal+ neurons projecting to different

areas

PAG

VTA

MeA

PAG – Periaqueductal Gray

VTA – Ventral Tegmental Area

MeA – Medial Amygdala

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Responses of Gal+ neurons projecting to different

areas

5x speed

GCaMP6 – Ca2+ activity (spikes)

PAG

VTA

MeA

Dulac and colleagues

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Increased activity

during pup grooming

Parenting – Responses of Gal+ neurons projecting to PAG

Dulac and colleagues

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Increased activity

during sniffing or

retrieving pups

or entering nest with pups

Parenting – Responses of Gal+ neurons projecting to MeA

Dulac and colleagues

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Didn’t seem to do much

Parenting – Responses of Gal+ neurons projecting to VTA

Dulac and colleagues

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Activating

PAG projecting neurons

increases pup grooming

Inactivating

PAG projecting neurons

decreases pup grooming

Parenting – Pup grooming

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Motivation to reach pups

Dulac and colleagues

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Activating VTA projecting neurons

increased barrier crossing

Inactivating VTA projecting neurons

decreased barrier crossing

But once they got there they might

kill the pups, so it didn’t make them

parental overall

Parenting – Motivation to reach pups

Dulac and colleagues

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Parenting – Different aspects

Dulac and colleagues

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Periventricular Nucleus

Anterior

Periventricular Nucleus

MPOA Gal+ neurons also

project to PVN directly or indirectly

– they project to oxytocin+ neurons

in the PVN

Oxytocin

Parenting – Gal+ neurons from MPOA also project to OXT+

neurons in PVN

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Parenting – Carrying your young ones

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Parenting – Carrying your young ones

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Parenting – Observational learning of pup retrieval in virgin

female mice

Froemke and colleagues

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Parenting – OXT+ neurons in virgin females increased firing on

observing retrieval of pups

Froemke and colleagues

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Parenting – Oxytocin neuron activation makes learning pup

retrieval for virgin females faster

Oxytocin receptor knockout

virgin mice

do not learn pup retrieval

Froemke and colleagues

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(Grooming)

(Sniffing, retrieving)

(Reaching pups)

(Observational learning of retrieval)

Deconstructing parenting

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10 min break – followed by Questions

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From aggression to parenting

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Social Bonding

Bolivian Titi Monkeys

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Prairie Voles

(pair bonds)

Social Bonding – Prairie voles like spending time with their

partners

Montane Voles

Young and colleagues

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Social Bonding – More OXT receptors in prairie voles

Prairie Voles

(pair bonds)Montane Voles

Young and colleagues

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Social Bonding – Blocking OXT receptors in PFC reduces

comforting of partners and siblings

Prairie Voles

Young and colleagues

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Social Hierarchy – Animal societies have structure and hierarchy

Silverback gorilla Elephant matriarch

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Social Hierarchy – Tube Test

Hu and colleagues

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Social Hierarchy – Consistent with other tests

Hu and colleagues

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Social Hierarchy – Neural recording in medial prefrontal cortex

Neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex increased their firing rate during

pushing or resisting

Hu and colleagues

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Inhibiting cells in mPFC

reduces rank

Activating cells in mPFC

increases rank

Social Hierarchy – Modulation of medial prefrontal cortex

(mPFC) neurons changes dominance

Hu and colleagues

ACC/PL/MO-

sub regions of mPFC

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Social identity and memory – Hippocampus

Mouse

Human

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Social Identity – Hippocampal representations of social identity

Fried and colleagues

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Social Identity – Jennifer Aniston Cell

Fried and colleagues

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Social Identity – Halley Berry Cell

Also responded to the written name

Fried and colleagues

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CA2 CA2

Social Memory – CA2 region of hippocampus

Sigelbaum and colleagues

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Social Memory – vCA1 region of hippocampus

Tonegawa and colleagues

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Social Memory – vCA1 region of hippocampus

5x speed

Tonegawa and colleagues

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Social Memory – Number of neurons representing familiar

mouse increases in vCA1

Then they familiarize with mouse A

for 2 hours or 3 days

Tonegawa and colleagues

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Social representation – Medial Amygdala

Dulac and colleagues

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Hippocampus – Spatial Representation

John O’Keefe

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Social-Spatial Representation – dCA1 region of hippocampus

Ulanovsky and colleagues Fujisawa and colleagues

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Social-Spatial Representation – PL region of mPFC

Witten and colleagues

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Social-Spatial Representation – PL region of mPFC

Witten and colleagues

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Social representation and behavior in the brain

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Neuroscience of social behaviors – What are we not looking at

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Neuroscience of social behaviors – What are we not looking at

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Group behaviors like hunting

…or communal defense

Neuroscience of social behaviors – What are we not looking at

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Prosocial behaviors

Altruism

Neuroscience of social behaviors – What are we not looking at

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Neuroscience of social behaviors – Where they happen

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Understanding how the brain represents and executes behavior by

Neuroscience of animal behaviors

…“speaking to an animal in its own language” (studying behaviors relevant to it)

…“and in its own world.” (studying them in surroundings in which the animal

evolved to express those behaviors – natural or naturalistic)

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Summary

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Questions


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