social homework.doc

8/14/2019 social homework.doc

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MUGHAL EMPERORS

BABUR

NASSURUDDIN MOHAMMED HUMAYUN


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Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar

NURUDDIN SALIM JAHANGIR

SHAH JAHAN
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bichitr_-_Jahangir_preferring_a_sufi_sheikh_to_kings.jpg


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AURANGZEB

BAHADUR SHAH


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JAHANDAR SHAH

FARRUKHSIYAR

RAFI ULDARJA!

MUHAMMED SHAH
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Muhammad_Shah.jpg


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AKBAR SHAH

BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR

Mogul Empire

15261858
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bahadur_Shah_II.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potrait_of_Akbar_II.jpg


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Flag

Capital Delhi and AgraLanguage!" Persian (initially also Chagatai; later also Urdu)

#o$ernmentAbsolute monarchy, unitary government

with federal structure

Emperor !"#$%!"&' abar

!"&'%!"&, !"""%!""$ *umayun

!""$%!$'" A+bar

!$'"%!$# -ahangir

!$#.%!$". /hah -ahan !$"%!' Aurang0eb

%i!tor& 1stablished A2ril #!, !"#$

1nded /e2tember #!, !."

'rea&,''',''' +m3 (!,!".,&'$ s4 mi)

(opulation !'' est5 !"',''','''

Curren)& 6u2ee

7he Mug*al Empire (Persian8 Shhn-e Moul; selfdesignation8 /.-,+ Grkn) was a 9uslim Persianate im2erial 2ower of the :ndian subcontinent which began in

!"#$, ruled most of the :ndian /ubcontinent as *industan by the late !th and early !.th

centuries, and ended in the mid!th century5 7he 9ughal 1m2erors were descendants of the

7imurids, and at the height of their 2ower, around !'', they controlled most of the :ndian

/ubcontinent e million +m3 (!5"

million mi3)5 Following !#" it declined ra2idly, wea+ened by wars of succession, agrarian

crises fueling local revolts, the growth of religious intolerance, and ritish colonialism5 7helast 1m2eror, ahadur ?afar /hah ::, whose rule was restricted to the city of Delhi, was

im2risoned and e


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the Persian literary and high culture to :ndia, thus forming the base for the highly

so2histicated :ndoPersian culture5

Contents

! 1arly *istory # 9ughal dynasty

& Bist of 9ughal 1m2erors

> 9ughal influence on the :ndian /ubcontinent

" Alternate meanings

Early History

7he foundation for the aburids em2ire was established around the early !"''s by the

7imurid 2rince abur, when he too+ control of the Doab and eastern regions of =horasancontrolling the fertile /indh region and the lower valley of the :ndus 6iver5 :n !"#$, abur

defeated the last of the Delhi /ultans, :brahim /hah Bodi, at the First attle of Pani2at5 7o

secure his newly founded +ingdom, abur then had to face the 6a2ut confederacy led by

6ana /anga of Chittor, at the attle of =hanwa5 7hese early military successes of the 7ur+s,

achieved by an army much smaller than its o22onents, have been attributed to their cohesion,

mobility, horsemounted archers, and use of artillery5

aburs son *umayun succeeded him in !"&' but suffered maor reversals at the hands of the

Pashtun /her /hah /uri and effectively lost most of the fledgling em2ire before it could grow

beyond a minor regional state5 From !">' *umayun became a ruler in e while his force still controlled some fortresses and smallregions5 ut when the Pashtuns fell into disarray with the death of /her /hah /uri, *umayun

returned with a mi


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A+bar succeeded his father on !> February !""$, while in the midst of a war against /i+andar

/hah /uri for the throne of Delhi5 *e soon won his eighteenth victory at age #! or ##5 *e

became +nown asAkbar, as he was a wise ruler, set fair but stee2 ta


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/her /hah /uri5

Gasiruddin

9ohammed

*umayun

9arch $,

!"'.

!"""

!""$

-anuary

!""$

6estored rule was more unified and effective

than initial reign of !"&'!">'; left unified

em2ire for his son, A+bar5

-alaluddin

9ohammed A+bar

Govember

!>, !">#

!""$

!$'"

ctober

#, !$'"

A+bar added the most territory to the 1m2ire and

is regarded as the most illustrious ruler of the

9ughal Dynasty; he married 9ariamu0?amani,

a 2rincess, from 6a2utana li+e him5 *ira

=unwari (her maiden name) was a *indu and

many o22osed at first, but under him, harmonic

9uslimE*indu relations were at their highest5

Guruddin

9ohammed

-ahangir

ctober

!"$

!$'"

!$#!$#

-ahangir set the 2recedent for sons rebelling

against their 1m2eror fathers5 2ened first

relations with the ritish 1ast :ndia Com2any5

6e2ortedly was an alcoholic and his wife

1m2ress Gur -ahan became the real 2ower

behind the throne and com2etently ruled in his

2lace5

/hahabuddin

9ohammed /hah

-ahan =nown asPrince =hurram

before ascension to

the throne

-anuary ",!"#

!$#!$".

!$$$

Under him, 9ughal art and architecture reached

their 0enith; constructed the 7a 9ahal, -ama9asid, -ahangir mausoleum and /halimar

@ardens in Bahore5 De2osed and im2risoned by

his son Aurang0eb5

9oinuddin

9ohammed

Aurang0eb Alamgir

ctober

#!, !$!.

!$".

!'

9arch &,

!'

9uch less e


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Furru+hsiyar !$.&!!&

!!!!

:n !! he granted a firman to the 1nglish 1ast

:ndia Com2any granting them duty free trading

rights for engal, and confirmed their 2osition in

:ndia5

6afi UlDarat Un+nown !! !!

6afi UdDaulat

a5+5a /hah -ahan ::Un+nown !! !!

Gi+usiyar Un+nown !! !>&

9ohammed:brahim

Un+nown !#' !>>

9ohammed /hah !'#

!!

!#',

!#'

!>.

!>./uffered the invasion of Gadir/hah of Persia in

!&5

Ahmad /hah

ahadur!#" !>."> !">

Alamgir :: !$!">

!"!"

/hah -ahan ::: Un+nownriefly

in !"!'s

/hah Alaam :: !#.!"

!.'$ !.'$

/uffered the invasion of Ahmed/hahAbdali in

!$!; granted the Gi0ami of engal, ihar and

rissa to the 1:C in !$", formally acce2ted

the 2rotection of the 1:C in !.'&5

A+bar /hah :: !$'!.'$

!.&!.& 7itular figurehead under ritish 2rotection

ahadur /hah ?afar !"!.&

!."!.$#

De2osed by the ritish 2eo2le and e


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Mughal influen"e on the #ndian Sub"ontinent

7he 7a 9ahal built by the 9ughal 1m2ire

A maor 9ughal contribution to the :ndian /ubcontinent was their uni4ue architecture5 9any

great monuments were built by the 9uslim em2erors during the 9ughal era including the 7a

9ahal5 7he 9uslim 9ughal Dynasty built s2lendid 2alaces, tombs, minars and forts in Delhi,

Dha+a , Agra, -ai2ur, Bahore, /hei+hu2ura and many other cities of :ndia, Pa+istan and

angladesh5

7he /halimar @ardens in summer5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shalamar_Garden_July_14_2005-South_wall_pavilion_with_fountains.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shalamar_Garden_July_14_2005-South_wall_pavilion_with_fountains.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taj1.jpg


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