Social Development and Happiness in nations 1990-2010 Ruut Veenhoven Erasmus University Rotterdam...
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Social Development and Happiness in nations 1990-2010
Ruut VeenhovenErasmus University Rotterdam
Presentation at Conference Taking Stock: Measuring Social Development
International Institute of Social StudiesDecember 14-15 2011, The Hague, Netherlands
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Social development and Happiness
• The issue
• Social development
• Happiness
• Does social development foster happiness?
– Independent of economic development?
– More so than economic development?
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The issue
• Disenchantment with primacy of economic development
• Call for more emphasis onsocial development
• Expectation that social developmentmatters more for happiness
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Questions
• Social development linked to happiness?– level– change
• Independent of economic development?
• More so than economic development?
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Social development
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Social development
• Not societal developmentin macro-sociological sense
• Degree to which social life in contemporary societies fits ideals of:– involvement– connectedness– equality
Also called ‘social capital’
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Happiness
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Happiness
• Concept
• Measurement
• Differences across nations
• Trends over time
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What is ‘happiness’?Four qualities of life
external
internal
chances
outcomes
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What is ‘happiness’?Four qualities of life
external
internal
chances
Livability
Life-ability
outcomes
Utility
Satisfaction
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What is ‘happiness’?Four kinds of satisfaction
Passing
Enduring
Part
Whole
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What is ‘happiness’?Four kinds of satisfaction
Passing
Enduring
Part
Pleasure
Domain
satisfaction
Whole
Top experience
Life satisfaction
(Happiness)
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Measurement of happinessExample of a survey question
Taking all together, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with your life as a whole these days?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dissatisfied Satisfied
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HappinessDifference across nations
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Happiness in Denmark
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Happiness in Zimbabwe
DISSATISFIED
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SATISFIED
HOW SATISFIED ARE YOU WITH YOUR LIFE
0,0%
10,0%
20,0%
30,0%
Perce
nt
COUNTRY/REGION: ZIMBABWE
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Happiness in nations 2000-2009
• Denmark 8,3
• Netherlands 7,6
• USA 7,4
• France 6,6
• Russia 5,5
• Iraq 4,7
• Zimbabwe 3,0
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Trend happiness 1973-2010
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Gains happiness 1973-2010, scale 0-10
• Italy + 0,63
• Denmark + 0,55
• USA + 0,29
• France + 0,55
• UK + 0,26
• Netherlands + 0,26
• Japan + 0,20
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Social development happiness?
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Social development happiness?
• Comparison across nations
• Comparison over time, within nations
Data set:
States of nations. Part of World Database of Happiness
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Social development happiness?Across nations: Civic activism
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Social development happiness?Across nations: Intergroup cohesion
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Social development happiness?Across nations: Clubs and Associations
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Social development happiness?Across nations: Interpersonal S+T
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Social development happiness?Across nations: Gender equality
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Social development happiness?Comparison across nations 2010
r N
Civic Activism +.62 140
Intergroup Cohesion +.36 141
Clubs associations +.11 107
Safety-Trust +.40 124
Gender Equality +.51 143
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Social development happiness?Comparison over time 1990-2010
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Social development happiness?Over time: Civic activism
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Social development happiness?Across nations: Clubs and Associations
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Social development happiness?Over time: Interpersonal S+T
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Social development happiness?Over time: Gender equality
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Social development happiness?Comparison over time 1990-2010
Change ISD in nation Correlation with change average life satisfaction
r N
Civic Activism +.08 65
Intergroup Cohesion +.04 53
Clubs - Associations -.24 54
Safety-Trust -.23 41
Gender Equality +.13 63
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Independent of economic development?
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Social development happiness?Independent of economic development?
ISD 2010 Correlation with average life satisfaction 2010
Zero order
N Wealth controlled
N
Civic Activism +.62 140 +.32 135
Intergroup Cohesion +.36 141 +.03 135
Clubs -associations +.11 107 +.10 102
Safety-Trust +.40 124 +.02 121
Gender Equality +.51 143 +.36 135
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More so than economic development?
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More so than economic development?
• Comparison across nations 2010
• Comparison over time 1990-2010
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More so than economic development?Across nations: Buying power p/c
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More so than economic development?Comparison across nations
Correlation with average life satisfaction
r N
Civic Activism +.62 140
Intergroup Cohesion +.36 141
Clubs - Associations +.11 107
Safety-Trust +.40 124
Gender Equality +.51 143
Buying power p/c +.61 138
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More so than economic development?Over time: Buying power p/c
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More so than economic development?Comparison over time
Change ISD Correlation with change average life satisfaction
r N
Civic Activism +.08 65
Intergroup Cohesion +.04 53
Clubs - Associations -.24 54
Safety-Trust -.23 41
Gender Equality +.13 63
Change buying power p/c -.09 39
Economic growth +.40 40
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Social development happiness?Conclusions
1. No clear relation with- Intergroup cohesion- Clubs- associations- Safety –Trust
2. Consistent relation with:- Civic Activism- Gender Equality
3. Partly independent of economic development
4. No stronger than economic development
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World Database of Happiness
http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl