SNEAK PEAK: Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

7/23/2019 SNEAK PEAK: Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

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GHKHGFMG,=232


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SP\MTP@. IHO@KMG

PFLTL@MTKRSUBCPHTRPFMPSFMZL@YHTO@YMTBB

GHKHGFMG,=232

Gmvmo Bgstbtutl ZrlssMggmphobs, Kmryomg`


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Gmvmo Bgstbtutl Zrlss

42= Yhh` Thm`

Mggmphobs, K@ 4=0:4

4:=4 dy Stumrt @. Iho`kmg

Moo rbifts rlslrvl`. Gh pmrt he tfbs dhha kmy dl rlprh`ucl` hr utbobzl` bg mgy ehrk

hr dy mgy klmgs, lolctrhgbc hr klcfmgbcmo, bgcou`bgi pfhthchpybgi mg` rlchr`bgi, hr

dy mgy bgehrkmtbhg sthrmil mg` rltrblvmo systlk, wbtfhut plrkbssbhg bg wrbtbgi erhk

tfl pudobsflr.

Obdrmry he Chgirlss Cmtmohibgi-bg-Zudobcmtbhg @mtm

Iho`kmg, Stumrt @. (Stumrt @huioms), =203-

Ghkhgfmg, =232 > tfl Tl` Mrky vbcthry tfmt sfmpl` Yhro` Ymr BB / dy

Stumrt Iho`kmg.

p. ck.

Bgcou`ls dbdobhirmpfbcmo rlelrlgcls mg` bg`lx.

BSDG 296-=- moa. pmplr) BSDG 296-=-5=4


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EHTKRSBSPLTCMTHO,YFHCFLLTL@KLHGETHKPFLSB@LOBGLS

PFTH\IFPFL@H\DOLKMTMPFHGHEPFBSDHHA, MG@

ZMSSL@MYMRN\SPDLEHTLB CTHSSL@PFLEBGBSFOBGL


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OBSP HE KMZS vbbb

MCAGHYOL@IKLGPS bx

BGPTH@\CPBHG =

CFMZPLT => PFL OLIMCR HE PFL ZMSP 9

CFMZPLT 4> PFL IOHDMO CHGPLVP 4=

CFMZPLT 3> CFMGIA\ELGI GHKHGFMG> ZTLOBKBGMTBLS 92

CFMZPLT GHKHGFMG> M OLSSHG BG OBKBPL@ YMT =:=

CFMZPLT 5> GHKHGFMG, PFL GHGMIITLSSBHG ZMCP, = GHKHGFMG CMSPS M OHGI SFM@HY =55

LZBOHI\L =63

GHPLS =69

DBDOBHITMZFR 4:2

BG@LV 4=9

CHGPLGPS


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KMZ =. Kmgcfurbm mg` Lgvbrhgs bg tfl =23:s 5

KMZ 4. Ohcmol he Cfmgiauelgi Bgcb`lgt Nuoy-Muiust =236


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MCAGHYOL@IKLGPS

Pfl rst iobkklrbgi he tfbs prhnlct cmkl bg tfl sukklr he =25< wflg B fmp-plgl` uphg m ehhtghtl bg Dmrdmrhssm, Momg Comras kmstlreuo fbsthry he tflIlrkmg-Shvblt struiiol bg Yhro` Ymr BB. Comra cbtl` Ilhriy ^fuahvs

=232 `lelmt he tfl Nmpmglsl mt Afmoafbg Iho ms mg bkphrtmgt dmttol. Ybtf m drmg`-glw kmstlrs `lirll bg fbsthry mg` tfl gmvl dloble tfmt B wms shkltfbgi he mglxplrt hg tfl Slchg` Yhro` Ymr, B wms `udbhus tfmt tflrl chuo` lvlg fmvl dllg m

kmnhr Shvblt-Nmpmglsl chgfflbct bg =232 he wfbcf B wms ugmwmrl. Ebg`bgi kysloe bgYmsfbgithg, @.C., wbtf tbkl hg ky fmg`s, B wlgt th tfmt cmtfl`rmo he olmrgbgi, tfl

Obdrmry he Chgirlss, mg` ehr tfl rst tbkl bg ky obel ug`lrthha m slrbhus rlslmrcfprhnlct tfmt wms ght mg mcm`lkbc rlqubrlklgt. B `bschvlrl` tfmt Afmoafbg Iho (mamGhkhgfmg) wms bg`ll` m kmnhr chgfflbct mg` tfl Obdrmry he Chgirlss fm` m oht heugpudobsfl` kmtlrbmo hg tfl sudnlct. B wms struca dy tfl emct tfmt tfl plma he tfliftbgi chbgcb`l` wbtf tfl chgcousbhg he tfl Ilrkmg-Shvblt Ghgmiirlssbhg Zmct

mg` whg`lrl`, lvlg tflg, be tflrl kbift dl shkl chgglctbhg. B chuo` fmr`oy bkmi-bgl tfmt tfbs kh`lst qulst whuo` sfmpl ky cmrllr, hr tfmt B whuo` omtlr splg` tfbrtyylmrs ms m rlslmrcf mgmoyst bg tfl Obdrmry he Chgirlss.

M ylmr omtlr B wms dmca bg scfhho, m Zf@ cmg`b`mtl mt Ilhrilthwg \gbvlrsbty.Ehr Phk Flo`ls rlslmrcf slkbgmr hg kh`lrg Lurhplmg `bpohkmtbc fbsthry, Bwrhtl m pmplr hg tfl Shvblt-Nmpmglsl chgfflbct mg` bts phssbdol obga th tfl ghgmi-

irlssbhg pmct. Zrhelsshr Flo`l, cfmbrkmg he tfl Fbsthry @lpmrtklgt, smb`, bgleelct, Iho`kmg, yhu fmvl tfl kmabgis he m `hcthrmo `bsslrtmtbhg flrl. Ehr tfmt,mg` Flo`ls rhol bg slcurbgi ehr kl m ugbvlrsbty eloohwsfbp, B wboo mowmys dl irmtl-euo. B mosh fm` tfl ihh` ehrtugl he fmvbgi Zrhe. Nhslpf Scfbldlo ms ky `bsslrtmtbhg

m`vbslr. Mcm`lkl bs ghthrbhus ehr bts plttbglss. Nhl Scfbldlo thha tfl fbifoy prbg-

cbpol`mg` ugusumophsbtbhg tfmt lvlg tfhuif B `bsmirll wbtf yhur ug`lroybgibgtlrprltmtbhg he Stmobgs ehrlbig phobcy, tfl mriuklgt yhu kmal bg supphrt he yhur

tflsbs bs ms pomusbdol ms ky hwg, mg` B wboo dl prhu` th fmvl ky gmkl msshcbmtl`wbtf yhur whra.

bx


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x MCAGHYOL@IKLGPS

M drhm`-dmsl` whra he scfhomrsfbp glclssmrboy stmg`s hg tfl sfhuo`lrs hehtflrs. Ky bgtlrprltmtbhg he Shvblt ehrlbig phobcy bg tfl =23:s ilglrmooy ehoohws

M`mk \omkskmibstlrbmoLxpmgsbhg mg` Chlxbstlgcl. B mk mosh bg`ldtl` th IlhrilM. Olgslgs kuotbvhoukl cfrhgbcols he Shvblt-Nmpmglsl `bpohkmtbc rlomtbhgs bgtfl bgtlrwmr plrbh`. B cmgght embo th klgtbhg tfl Nmpmghohibst, Movbg @. Chhx,wfhsl lxfmustbvloy `ltmbol` dhhas hg Cfmgiauelgi (Pfl Mgmthky he m Skmoo Ymr)mg` lsplcbmooy Ghkhgfmg> Nmpmg Mimbgst Tussbm, =232, km`l fbk tfl mcaghwolìl`Mklrbcmg lxplrt hg tflsl dmttols. Pfl kmgy ehhtghtl rlelrlgcls th fbs whra bg tfbsdhha mcaghwolìl fbs kmstlry. Yflg B wms m irmùmtl stu`lgt, Zrhelsshr Chhxirmcbhusoy heelrl` rlslmrcf iub`mgcl. Fl omtlr pmb` kl tfl chkpobklgt he vblwbgi

kl ms m chkpltbthr mg` rbvmo. Yflg B wms stboo m yhugi mssbstmgt prhelsshr he fbsthry, Nhfg A. Embrdmgas, `lmghe Mklrbcmg Msbmg scfhomrs mg` prlsb`lgt he tfl Mklrbcmg Fbsthrbcmo Msshcbmtbhg,

smw prhkbsl bg ky prhnlct mg` flopl` kl wbg mg MFM irmgt th dlibg Nmpmglsl omg-iumil stu`y mt Choukdbm \gbvlrsbtys Lmst Msbmg Bgstbtutl. Pwh ylmrs omtlr, m NmpmgEhug`mtbhg Eloohwsfbp prhvb`l` ehr m ylmr bg Phayh stu`ybgi Nmpmglsl mg` `hbgi

rlslmrcf hg Ghkhgfmg, wfbcf prhvl` bgvmoumdol ehr tfbs prhnlct. Pflrl B fm` tflflop he m drboobmgt yhugi rlslmrcf mssbstmgt, Ahsl Gmrbmab, wfh iub`l` kl tfrhuif

tfl bgtrbcmcbls he prlwmr Nmpmglsl wrbtbgi mg` tfl omdyrbgtf he Nmpmglsl mrcfbvls.Gmrbmab `bl` trmibcmooy bg m khugtmbgllrbgi mccb`lgt mt mil twlgty-slvlg. M ehrklr

Obdrmry he Chgirlss choolmiul, Ghduah Hfmsfb, ilglrhusoy flopl` kl ms bgtlrprltlr,bgtlrvblwbgi rltbrl` Nmpmglsl mrky heclrs bg Phayh. Omtlr, Gmtloom Ahgstmgtbghvmput bg chugtolss fhurs flopbgi kl chkd tfrhuif Shvblt-lrm `hcuklgts.

Pfl rlghwgl` kbobtmry fbsthrbmg, Nhfg Phomg` (Zuobtzlr Zrbzl ehr Pfl TbsbgiSug), wms abg` lghuif th rlm` mg lmroy vlrsbhg he tfbs kmguscrbpt mg` lgchurmilkl th stbca wbtf bt mg` slla pudobcmtbhg. Ky erblg`, @mvb` O. Thddbgs (mutfhr he

Ymr he tfl Tmts, Omst Cbtm`lo, Obdlrmtbhg Thm`, Pfl Lg` he Ymr, Drhalg Nlwlo, mg` kmgyhtflr ghvlos) fms dllg ugstbgtbgi bg fbs m`vbcl mg` lgchurmilklgt. Bkmgbsfb Nugah, msshcbmtl `brlcthr he tfl Mtsukb Bgtlrgmtbhgmo ScfhomrsfbpEhug`mtbhg, prhvb`l` bgvmoumdol supphrt ehr ky pmrtbcbpmtbhg bg mg bgtlrgmtbhgmo

sykphsbuk hg Ghkhgfmg bg \ommgdmmtmr. Pfl Slabiucfb Iohdmo TlslmrcfMsshcbmtbhg he Nmpmg mg` tfl Mrmtmgb Ehug`mtbhg he Ohs Mgilols prhvb`l` ilg-lrhus gmgcbmo supphrt ehr tfbs sykphsbuk mg` ky trmvlo. Ky vl-`my m`vlgturl

`rbvbgi mcrhss tfl Khgihobmg stlppl mg` thurbgi tfl Ghkhgfmg dmttollo` whuo`

fmvl dllg bkphssbdol wbtfhut ky ohymo bgtlrprltlr, Phk \rihh, mg` rlshurcleuo`rbvlr, Lgafdmt. Ky erblg`, Smkduu @mwm`msf, m Khgihobmg `bpohkmt mg` m`vbslr th tfl

prbkl kbgbstlr, wms tbrlolss mg` lgtlrprbsbgi bg fbs supphrt he tfbs prhnlct mg` rlg-`lrl` bgvmoumdol mssbstmgcl bg tfl \gbtl` Stmtls mg` Khgihobm. Ehrklr Khgihobmg


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MCAGHYOL@IKLGPS xb

mkdmssm`hr th tfl \gbtl` Stmtls, @r. Tmv`mg Dho`, wfhsl emtflr wms mt tfl Dmttolhe Afmoafbg Iho, prhvb`l` vmoumdol bgehrkmtbhg hg tfl lvlgts he =232 mg` flopl`

kl imbg mcclss th tfl dmttollo`. Mkdmssm`hr Afmsdmzmr Dlafdmt, wfh succll`l`@r. Dho` ms mkdmssm`hr bg Ymsfbgithg, fms mosh dllg khst flopeuo. Ky erblg`, Cmpt. Nhfg Thìmmr`, \SG (Tlt.), fbsthrbmg, bgtloobilgcl heclr, mg`tlcfgbcmo lxplrt, prhvb`l` bgvmoumdol m`vbcl mg` supphrt, ght olmst he moo dy bgtrh-

ùcbgi kl th Tbca Tussloo, `brlcthr he tfl Gmvmo Bgstbtutl Zrlsshgl he m fmgèuohe plhpol wfh, ylmrs mih, fm` mctumooy rlm` ky `hcthrmo `bsslrtmtbhg hg wfbcf tfbsdhha bs dmsl`. Yfmt mrl tfl h``s he tfmt8 Pfmgas mosh th M`mk Amgl, ky l`bthr mtGmvmo Bgstbtutl Zrlss, wfh km`l tfl prhclss he turgbgi m kmguscrbpt bgth m dhha

rlkmramdoy pmbgolss. Ebgmooy, th moo ky dlohvl` emkboy mg` erblg`s wfh dloblvl` bg kl, lgchurmil`kl, mg` wmbtl` pmtblgtoy tfrhuif mg mdsuròy ohgi ilstmtbhg plrbh` ehr m dhha Bvl

tmoal` mdhut ehr ylmrs mg` ylmrsPfmga Rhu!


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BGPTH@\CPBHG

Pfl Fmofm Tbvlr fflhws erhk shutf th ghrtf glmr tfl tbp he m fflmt, irmssy g-ilr he Khgihobmg tlrrbthry tfmt phals lmstwmr` bgth Kmgcfurbm. Bg tfl=23:s Kmgcfurbms Nmpmglsl kmstlrs rlimr`l` tfl rbvlr ms mg bgtlrgmtbhgmo

dhug`mry obgl> Kmgcfurbm th tfl lmst, Hutlr Khgihobmtfl Khgihobmg ZlhpolsTlpudobc (KZT), tflg m prhtlcthrmtl he tfl Shvblt \gbhgth tfl wlst. Pfhsl hgtfl Khgihobmg sb`l combkl` tfmt tfl dhr`lr rmg shkl tlg kbols lmst he tfl rbvlr,

rhuifoy pmrmoolo th bt, glmr tfl tbgy fmkolt he Ghkhgfmg. Yfbol tfl prlcbsl ohcm-tbhg he tfl dhr`lr klmgt obttol th tfl Khgiho ghkm`s wfh fm` ol` tflbr flr`s dmca

mg` ehrtf mcrhss tfl rbvlr ehr clgturbls, tfl Awmgtugi Mrky, tfl lobtl Nmpmglsl ehrcltfmt hccupbl` Kmgcfurbm, fm` m `beelrlgt vblw. Bg Mprbo =232 Kmnhr Psunb Kmsmghdu he tfl Awmgtugi Mrkys hplrmtbhgs stmee`rmetl` mg bgfflmkkmthry slt he prbgcbpols ehr `lmobgi wbtf tfl sabrkbsfls tfmt fm`dllg trhudobgi tfl dhr`lr rlibhg sbgcl Nmpmg fm` slbzl` Kmgcfurbm bg =23= mg` crl-

mtl` tfl pupplt stmtl he Kmgcfuauh. Psunbs dhr`lr prbgcbpols `lcomrl` tfmt be tfllglky crhssls tfl erhgtblrs . . . mggbfbomtl fbk wbtfhut `lomy. . . . Ph mcchkpobsf hurkbssbhg, bt bs plrkbssbdol th lgtlr Shvblt tlrrbthry, hr th trmp hr ourl Shvblt trhhps

bgth Kmgcfuauhmg tlrrbthry. . . . Yflrl dhug`mry obgls mrl ght colmroy lgl`, mrlm`lelgsl chkkmg`lrs wboo, uphg tflbr hwg bgbtbmtbvl, lstmdobsf dhug`mrbls. . . . Bg tfllvlgt he mg mrkl` comsf, ift ugtbo vbcthry bs whg rlimr`olss he rlomtbvl strlgitfs hr

he tfl ohcmtbhg he tfl dhug`mrbls. Be tfl lglky vbhomtls tfl dhr`lrs, erblg`oy ugbtskust cfmoolgil fbk churmilhusoy . . . wbtfhut chgclrgbgi tflkslovls mdhut tfl chg-slqulgcls, wfbcf wboo dl tfl rlsphgsbdbobty he fbiflr flm`qumrtlrs.=

Bg kb`-Kmy, tfl Awmgtugi Mrky heclr rlsphgsbdol ehr tfl Fmofm Tbvlr mrlm,Oblutlgmgt Ilglrmo Ahkmtsudmrm Kbcfbtmrh, chkkmg`lr he tfl 43r` @bvbsbhg,

wms klltbgi wbtf fbs `bvbsbhg stmee th `bscuss bkpolklgtmtbhg he tfl glw dhr-`lr prbgcbpols wflg fl rlclbvl` whr` he mg bgcursbhg dy KZT cmvmory mcrhss tflFmofm Tbvlr glmr Ghkhgfmg. Bg allpbgi wbtf tfl glw hr`lrs, tfl usumooy cmutbhus

Ahkmtsudmrm rlmctl` sfmrpoy. Bral` dy tfl dhtflrshkl sabrkbsfls mg` fhpbgi tfmtm thuif rlsphgsl whuo` ilt tfl Khgihos (mg` Shvblts) th dmca hee, Ahkmtsudmrm

=


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`lcb`l` hg tfl spht th `lstrhy tfl bgvm`bgi Hutlr Khgihobmg ehrcls.4Pfmt sgmp`lcbsbhg mg` tfl chgfflbct bt bigbtl` whuo` fmvl emr-rlmcfbgi chgslqulgcls.

Ilglrmo Ahkmtsudmrm ehoohwl` up hg fbs `lcbsbhg wbtf mctbhg. Metlr m slrbls hebg`lcbsbvl skmoo-ugbt sabrkbsfls bg kb`-Kmy, fl `bspmtcfl` m twh-tfhusmg`-kmgehrcl ug`lr Chohglo Rmkmimtm Pmalkbtsu th crusf tfl Khgihobmg/Shvblt bgtru`-lrs. Rmkmimtms `ltmcfklgt wms dubot mrhug` m 43r` @bvbsbhg bgemgtry dmttmo-

bhg, m rlibklgtmo mrtboolry ugbt he 9


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Spurrl` hg dy Kmnhr Psunb mg` htflr fhtflm`l` stmee heclrs mt flm`qumrtlrs,tfl Awmgtugi Mrky chkkmg` rlshovl` th mvlgil tfbs `lelmt wbtf m kmnhr irhug`

mg` mbr heelgsbvl mcrhss tfl Fmofm Tbvlr, bgth bg`bsputmdoy Khgihobmg tlrrbthry. Pflmssmuot ehrcl wms dubot mrhug` Ahkmtsudmrms 43r` @bvbsbhg, rlbgehrcl` dy m rlib-klgt erhk tfl crmca 9tf @bvbsbhg, slvlrmo fug`rl` mttmca pomgls, mg` tfl BkplrbmoMrkys hgoy bg`lplg`lgt tmga drbim`l. Dut tfl Nmpmglsl dubo`up mimbg wms ltlctl`

dy tflbr Shvblt-KZT ehls. Khschw thh `bspmtcfl` phwlreuo rlbgehrclklgts th tflrlibhg, `lsbigmtl` ms Ebrst Mrky Irhup, ug`lr tfl chkkmg` he mg ms-ylt-ugtlstl`olm`lr gmkl` Ilhriy ^fuahv. Pfl Nmpmglsl heelgsbvl bg lmroy Nuoy wms rlpuosl` dy^fuahv, wbtf flmvy ohssls hg dhtf sb`ls.

Awmgtugi Mrky chgtbgul` th lscmomtl tfl chgfflbct dut wms cflcal` lmcf tbkldy lvlr-khrl-phwlreuo Shvblt ehrcls. Nhsle Stmobg lcb`l` th slg` kmssbvl rlbgehrcl-klgts th ^fuahvs Ebrst Mrky Irhup, wfbcf omugcfl` m `lcbsbvl chugtlrheelgsbvl

bg Muiust. Bgtlrkbttlgt iftbgi chgtbgul` bgth kb`-Slptlkdlr =232. Pfbs chgfflbct wms gh klrl dhr`lr comsf. Glmroy =::,::: klg mg` m tfhusmg`mrkhrl` vlfbcols mg` mbrcrmet lgimil` bg lrcl chkdmt ehr ehur khgtfs. Pfbrty

th ety tfhusmg` wlrl abool` hr whug`l`. Pfbs skmoo ug`lcomrl` wmr bs aghwg bgNmpmg ms tfl Ghkhgfmg bgcb`lgt mg` bg Shvblt \gbhg mg` Khgihobm ms tfl Dmttol

he Afmoafbg Iho. Psunb mg` fuahv whuo` ih hg th pomy crbtbcmo rhols bg tfl Slchg`Yhro` Ymr mg` metlrPsunb ms m emkhus mg` ghthrbhus sho`blr bg tfl Zmcbc Ymr

mg` m klkdlr he pmrobmklgt bg phstwmr Nmpmg1 ^fuahv ms tfl mrcfbtlct he vbcthryhvlr Gmzb Ilrkmgy mg` omtlr Shvblt kbgbstlr he `lelgsl. Dut lvlg khrl surprbsbgi, tfbs obttol-aghwg chgfflbct ehuift bg rlkhtl bgglr-

Msbm flopl` pmvl tfl wmy ehr M`hoe Fbtolrs bgvmsbhg he Zhomg`mg` moo tfmt eho-ohwl`. Bg`ll`, tfl flbift he tfl iftbgi mt Ghkhgfmg chbgcb`l`prlcbsloywbtf tflchgcousbhg he tfl Ilrkmg-Shvblt Ghgmiirlssbhg Zmct (Muiust 43, =232), wfbcf

imvl Fbtolr tfl irllg obift th bgvm`l Zhomg`, trbiilrbgi tfl Slchg` Yhro` Ymr hglwlla omtlr. Pfbs wms gh chbgcb`lgcl. Pfl Ghkhgfmg chgfflbct bs `brlctoy obgal` thtfl Ilrkmg-Shvblt Ghgmiirlssbhg Zmct mg` tfl hutdrlma he tfl wmr bg Lurhpl.Pfl ghgmiirlssbhg pmct mssurl` Fbtolr fl whuo` ght fmvl th ift Drbtmbg, Ermgcl,

mg Tussbm, sh fl elot smel bg mttmcabgi Zhomg`. Pfl pmct (tlkphrmrboy) alpt Tussbmhut he tfbs bgtrmcmpbtmobst wmr bg Lurhpl. Bt mosh bshomtl` Nmpmg erhk Ilrkmgy. Pfbsimvl Stmobg m erll fmg` th `lmo `lcbsbvloy wbtf Nmpmg mt Ghkhgfmgwfbcf bs

lxmctoy wfmt fl `b`.

Rlt tfl stmg`mr` fbsthrbls he tfl hrbibgs he tfl Slchg` Yhro` Ymr kmal obt-tol klgtbhg he tfl Shvblt-Nmpmglsl chgfflbct mg` bts chgglctbhg th tfl lvlgts bgLurhpl. Pfbs dhha `hls ght prlsukl m wfholsmol rlbgtlrprltmtbhg he tfhsl lvlgts.

Bt `hls suiilst, fhwlvlr, tfmt m skmoo dut bkphrtmgt pblcl, tfl Ghkhgfmg chgfflbct,fms dllg hvlrohhal` hr kbspomcl` bg khst mttlkpts th pblcl thiltflr tfl nbismw

BGPTH@\CPBHG 3


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puzzol he tfl hrbibgs he tfl wmr. Pfbs tflsbs bs strhgioy supphrtl` dy `hcuklgtsrlm`boy mvmbomdol shhg metlr tfl lg` he tfl wmr, stmrtbgi wbtf tfl pudobsfl` vho-

ukls he Ilrkmg, Drbtbsf, Erlgcf, mg` \.S. `bpohkmtbc `hcuklgts. Pfl @hcuklgtshg Ilrkmg Ehrlbig Zhobcyprhvb`l` mg lsplcbmooy bkphrtmgt wbg`hw hgth tfl slcrltIlrkmg-Shvblt glihtbmtbhgs olm`bgi th tfl =232 ghgmiirlssbhg pmct, m rlchr` tfmttfl Shvblt ihvlrgklgt mttlkptl` ehr `lcm`ls th `lgy mg` chgclmo. Pfl kbobtmry

fbsthry slctbhg he tfl \.S. hccupmtbhg ehrcls bg Nmpmg prh`ucl` mpprhxbkmtloy twhfug`rl` vhoukls hg Nmpmgs kbobtmry lxplrblgcl bg Kmgcfurbm, bgcou`bgi kmgy tfmtehcus splcbcmooy hg tfl Ghkhgfmg chgfflbct. Pflsl khghirmpfs, prlpmrl` prbkmr-boy dy ehrklr Nmpmglsl kbobtmry heclrs mg` tflg trmgsomtl` bgth Lgiobsf dy tfl \.S.

hccupmtbhg mutfhrbtbls, prhvb`l` mg lmroy, modlbt ermiklgtmry, rlchr` he tfl chgfflbct,sfhwbgi tfmt bt wms prhvhal` mg` lscmomtl` dy tfl Nmpmglsl. Pfl Zrhcll`bgis he tflBgtlrgmtbhgmo Kbobtmry Prbdugmo ehr tfl Emr Lmst `hcuklgts Khschws moolimtbhgs heNmpmglsl miirlssbhg mt Ghkhgfmg. Shkl ehrty ylmrs mih B kmrsfmol` lvb`lgcl erhk sucf shurcls th supphrt m `hc-thrmo `bsslrtmtbhg mriubgi m cmusmo obga dltwllg tfl Ghkhgfmg chgfflbct, tfl ghg-

miirlssbhg pmct, mg` tfl hutdrlma he tfl wmr bg Lurhpl.0 B chuo` ght tflg rlm`Nmpmglsl. Bg tfl mdslgcl he rlobmdol hecbmo Shvblt `hcuklgts, B muiklgtl` ky

bgtlrprltmtbhg he Shvblt ehrlbig phobcy dy `lchgstructbgi Chkbgtlrg pudobcm-tbhgs he tfl plrbh`. Pfrll ylmrs metlr lmrgbgi ky `lirll, wfbol hg tfl emcuoty hetfl Zlggsyovmgbm Stmtl \gbvlrsbty, B wms ehrtugmtl lghuif th dl mwmr`l` m phst-

`hcthrmo rlslmrcf eloohwsfbp dy tfl Nmpmg Ehug`mtbhg tfmt moohwl` kl th splg` mylmr bg Phayh stu`ybgi Nmpmglsl mg` `hbgi eurtflr rlslmrcf hg Ghkhgfmg. Pfbsol` kl th wrbtl m khrl euooy `hcuklgtl` mg` gumgcl` vlrsbhg he ky Ghkhgfmgtflsbs, wfbcf whug` up, fhwlvlr, ms mg ugpudobsfl` mcm`lkbc lxlrcbsl. M elw ylmrs

omtlr B olet mcm`lkl mg` lkdmral` hg m tfbrty-ylmr cmrllr ms m splcbmobst bg Tussbmg

phobtbcmo mg` kbobtmry meembrs bg tfl Chgirlssbhgmo Tlslmrcf Slrvbcl he tfl Obdrmry heChgirlssm spolg`b` bgstbtutbhg.

\phg rltbrbgi erhk CTS, B `lcb`l` th rlturg th ky whra hg Ghkhgfmg. Bwms lgchurmil` bg tfbs dy tfl rlolmsl bg phst-Shvblt Tussbm he m irhwbgi gukdlrhe Shvblt-lrm `hcuklgts tfmt ght hgoy chgrk dut strlgitflg ky bgtlrprltmtbhghe tfl bgfflulgcl he tfl Ghkhgfmg chgfflbct hg Shvblt ehrlbig mg` kbobtmry phobcy.

Bg m``btbhg th tfl hecbmo twh-vhoukl slt he Shvblt Ehrlbig Kbgbstry `hcuklgtsehr =232


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Pfl b`lm he m chgglctbhg dltwllg Ghkhgfmg mg` tfl ghgmiirlssbhg pmct,fhwlvlr, stboo fms ght rlclbvl` m`lqumtl mttlgtbhg erhk scfhomrs. Pfl twh pudobsfl`

stu`bls bg Lgiobsf tfmt ehcus hg Ghkhgfmg trlmt bt ms mg hdscurl Lmst Msbmg kbob-tmry lpbsh`l, bighrbgi bts chgglctbhg th tfl chkbgi he tfl wmr bg Lurhpl.6KmgyNmpmglsl mg` Tussbmgs fmvl wrbttlg mdhut tfbs chgfflbct. Pfl Nmpmglsl mutfhrs, fhw-lvlr, sfhw obttol bgtlrlst bg tfl chkpolx Lurhplmg `bpohkmcy. Mg` bg Zutbgs Tussbm,

tfl Fbtolr-Stmobg Zmct rlkmbgs m slgsbtbvl, be ght `hwgrbift `mgilrhus, sudnlct ehrTussbmg scfhomrs.2Khst \.S. mg` Lurhplmg mgmoysls he tfl hrbibgs mg` hutdrlma heYhro` Ymr BB bighrl hr drblffly iohss hvlr tfl Shvblt-Nmpmglsl chgfflbct.=:Slvlrmo fbs-

thrbcmo stu`bls chgtmbg tmgtmobzbgi rlelrlgcls th m phssbdol chgglctbhg dltwllg tfl

Ghkhgfmg chgfflbct mg` tfl Ilrkmg-Shvblt pmct,==

dut ghgl fmvl `lvlohpl` tflb`lm euooy. Pfbs dhha bs bgtlg`l` th oo tfmt imp.

Pfl hrimgbzmtbhgmo scflkl ehr tfbs dhha bs cfrhghohibcmo, dut ght obglmr.Bt fms twh sthrbls th tloo> m kbobtmry fbsthry he tfl Shvblt-Nmpmglsl chgfflbct hg tflKhgihobm-Kmgcfurbm dhr`lr, mg` m `bpohkmtbc fbsthry he tfl chkbgi he tfl wmr

tfmt bs Lurhpl-clgtlrl` mg` iohdmo bg schpl. Ph mvhb` crlmtbgi mg ugimbgoy twh-flm`l` khgstlr, tfl gmrrmtbvl sfbets dmca mg` ehrtf dltwllg tfl `bsputl` bgglr-Msbmg dhr`lromg` mg` tfl phobtbcmo/`bpohkmtbc kmgluvlrbgis he tfl kmnhr phwlrs,

fbifobiftbgi tfl rlomtbhgsfbps mkhgi tflsl lvlgts. Pfl mgmoysbs `hls ght sthp bgSlptlkdlr =232 wbtf tfl lg` he tfl iftbgi mt Ghkhgfmg mg` tfl hutdrlma he tflwmr bg Lurhpl. Pfl Shvblt-Nmpmglsl chgfflbct mt Ghkhgfmg bgfflulgcl` `lcbsbhgs bgPhayh mg` Khschw bg =20=Nmpmgs `lcbsbhg ehr wmr wbtf tfl \gbtl` Stmtls mg`

tfl Tl` Mrky vbcthry bg tfl Dmttol he Khschwtfmt flopl` sfmpl tfl chg`uctmg` tfl hutchkl he tfl wmr. Mpprlcbmtbgi tfl sbigbcmgcl he tfbs sllkbgioy hdscurlLmst Msbmg kbobtmry lpbsh`l mg` pomcbgi bt bg tfl drhm`lr ilhphobtbcmo chgtlxt sfl`s

glw obift hg, mg` prhvb`ls m khrl chkpoltl ug`lrstmg`bgi he, tfl Slchg` Yhro`

Ymr. Ghkhgfmg bs, mriumdoy, tfl khst bkphrtmgt Yhro` Ymr BB dmttol tfmt khstplhpol=4 fmvl glvlr flmr` he.

BGPTH@\CPBHG


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Kmp=.

Kmgcfurbmmg`Lgvbrhgsbgtfl=23:s


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9

CFMZPLT=

PFL OLIMCR HE PFL ZMSP

Ymr mg` Tlvhoutbhg

Pfl ylmr =6


21/33

6 CFMZPLT =

Erhk tfl vlry bgclptbhg he tfl glw rlibkl bg Nmpmg, bts olm`lrs `ltlrkbgl`th sll tflbr gmtbhg tmal bts pomcl mkhgi tfl irlmt phwlrs. Pfl ohibc he ilhphobtbcs

`bctmtl` tfmt be Nmpmg wlrl th lxpmg`, bt wms bg tfl `brlctbhg he Ghrtflmst Msbmtfmt sfl rst kust khvlmt tfl lxplgsl he tfl crukdobgi Cfbglsl lkpbrl mg`bg chkpltbtbhg wbtf Bkplrbmo Tussbm. Pfbs dlcmkl colmr `urbgi tfl Sbgh-NmpmglslYmr he =6202


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PFL OLIMCR HE PFL ZMSP 2

Khgihobm. Kmgcfurbm wms th dl bvb`l` rhuifoy bg fmoe, wbtf Nmpmg lxlrcbsbgi hk-bgmgt bgfflulgcl bg tfl shutf mg` Tussbm bg tfl ghrtf. Sucf glw mg` emr-rlmcfbgi

chhplrmtbhg dltwllg gmtbhgs tfmt fm` rlclgtoy dllg mt wmr wms km`l phssbdol, bgpmrt, dlcmusl Tussbmg ehrlbig phobcy fm` tmalg m plrbh`bc swbgi dmca thwmr` m prb-kmrboy Lurhplmg ehcus. Mosh, dhtf gmtbhgs wlrl suspbcbhus he tfl Msbmg mkdbtbhgshe tfl Ylstlrg Lurhplmg phwlrs mg` tfl \gbtl` Stmtls. Ebgmooy, tfl bkkbglgt

`lkbsl he tfl Cfbglsl lkpbrl heelrl` tfl prhsplct he lghuif tlrrbthry th smtbseydhtf Tussbmg mg` Nmpmglsl bkplrbmobsts. Tussh-Nmpmglsl chhplrmtbhg whuo` dl pmbèhr bg Cfbglsl chbg. Gmturmooy, glbtflr Tussbm ghr Nmpmg chgsuotl` tflbr bgtlg`l`vbctbks, ghr `b` tfly `lomy bkpolklgtbgi tflbr mirllklgt. Bg =2=: Nmpmg ehr-

kmooy mgglxl` Ahrlm. M ylmr omtlr, Hutlr Khgihobmg olm`lrs, wbtf tfl mssbstmgcl heTussbmg milgts mg` Tussbmg iugs, prhcombkl` tfl bg`lplg`lgcl he Hutlr Khgihobmerhk Cfbgm. Dy =2=4 Hutlr Khgihobm wms, l emcth, m Tussbmg prhtlcthrmtl.

Pflrl rlkmbgl` tfl qulstbhg he Kmgcfurbm. Ybtf tfl wmgbgi he clgtrmomutfhrbty bg Cfbgm, bt sllkl` bglvbtmdol tfmt Tussbmg mg` Nmpmglsl ehrcls, lgcrhmcf-bgi erhk hpphsbtl `brlctbhgs, whuo` klltmg` plrfmps comsfmt shkl phbgt bg

clgtrmo Kmgcfurbm. Ms bt fmpplgl`, tfl hutdrlma he tfl Irlmt Ymr bg =2=0 mg` tflsudslqulgt upflmvmos bg Tussbm bgtlrvlgl`, sh tfmt wflg tfl choobsbhg gmooy cmkl

bg tfl =23:s, tfl phbgt he bkpmct wms ght bg clgtrmo Kmgcfurbm dut kmgy fug`rl`she kbols ghrtf mg` wlst, mohgi tfl KmgcfurbmgHutlr Khgihobmg erhgtblr.

Pfl slchg` `lcm`l he tfl twlgtbltf clgtury prlslgtl` lxtrmhr`bgmry hpphrtu-gbtbls ehr Nmpmglsl lxpmgsbhg. Pfl `bsbgtlirmtbvl lg`-he-`ygmsty syg`rhkl bg Cfbgmlgtlrl` bts crbtbcmo pfmsl bg =2===4 wbtf tfl hgslt he rlvhoutbhg, tfl md`bcmtbhg

he tfl Kmgcfu bkplrbmo fhusl, mg` tfl lstmdobsfklgt he rbvmo succlsshr rlibkls.Pflg, nust ms tfl Irlmt Imkl bg Cfbgm mpplmrl` th dl rlmcfbgi bts cobkmx, Lurhpl`lsclg`l` bgth bts irlmt dohhòlttbgi he =2=0=6, wbtf tfl rlsuot tfmt tfl Ilrkmg

chohgbmo lkpbrl bg Cfbgm mg` tfl Zmcbc eloo bgth Nmpmglsl fmg`s, wfbol Drbtmbg mgÈrmgcl, wfhooy mdshrdl` dy tfl struiiol bg Lurhpl, em`l` ms Lmst Msbmg phwlrs. PflTussbmg lkpbrl sllkl` th `bsbgtlirmtl gh olss `rmkmtbcmooy tfmg tfmt he Cfbgm bgtfl rlvhoutbhgs he =2=9 mg` tfl sudslqulgt cbvbo wmr mg` ehrlbig bgtlrvlgtbhg. Bg tfl

chursl he m elw ylmrs, glmroy moo he Nmpmgs trm`btbhgmo rbvmoswbtf tfl ghtmdol lxclp-tbhg he tfl \gbtl` Stmtlsfm` dllg slrbhusoy wlmalgl`, pmrmoyzl`, hr obqub`mtl`. Pflsl `lvlohpklgts lkdho`lgl` Phayhs chgtbglgtmo mkdbtbhgs. Nmpmgs

Pwlgty-Hgl @lkmg`s, m couksy mttlkpt bg =2=< th kmal Cfbgm m vmssmo stmtl,

mrhusl` mgtb-Nmpmglsl gmtbhgmobst pmssbhgs bg Cfbgm mg` xl` tfl bkmil bg tfl pud-obc kbg` he Nmpmg duooybgi m flopolss Cfbgm, mg bkmil tfmt whuo` dl`lvbo Nmpmgsrlomtbhgs wbtf tfl Ylst ehr ylmrs th chkl.

Nmpmgs bgtlrvlgtbhg bg Sbdlrbm ùrbgi tfl Tussbmg Cbvbo Ymr wms m khrl emr-rlmcfbgi mg`, uotbkmtloy, chstoy embourl. Nmpmg slgt shkl 9:,::: trhhps bgth tfl


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=: CFMZPLT =

Tussbmg Emr Lmst, dy emr tfl omrilst ehrlbig chgtbgilgt th bgtlrvlgl bg tfl TussbmgCbvbo Ymr. Pfbs Sbdlrbmg lxpl`btbhg, wfbcf drhuift Nmpmg obttol prht mg` gh iohry,

`b` dlmr shkl erubtkhstoy dbttlr.=

Nmpmgs bgvhovlklgt prhohgil` tfl TussbmgCbvbo Ymr, bg wfbcf shkl =3 kboobhg plhpol plrbsfl`. Bt prhvb`l` obttol chkdmt lxpl-rblgcl ehr tfl Nmpmglsl mrky dut bt `b` bgbtbmtl shkl yhugi stmee heclrs, euturl olm`-lrs he tfl Awmgtugi Mrky, bgth tfl whro` he phobtbcmo kmgbpuomtbhg, bgtrbiul, mg`

bgsurilgcy, wfbcf whuo` dl put th emtleuo usl omtlr bg Kmgcfurbm. Nmpmglsl trhhpsrlkmbgl` bg lmstlrg Sbdlrbm ugtbo =244, dy wfbcf tbkl tfl Dhosflvbas fm` trb-ukpfl` tfrhuifhut Tussbm mg` Nmpmglsl fhpls he mcqubrbgi chgtrho he tfl TussbmgEmr Lmst fm` em`l`.

Pfl rlcmoo he Nmpmgs Sbdlrbmg lxpl`btbhg bg =244 wms tfl rst stlp bg m Shvblt-Nmpmglsl `ltlgtl. Pfrll ylmrs omtlr, tfly rlmcfl` m drhm` `bpohkmtbc slttolklgtprhvb`bgi ehr tfl wbtf`rmwmo he Nmpmglsl ehrcls erhk Ghrtflrg Smafmobg, tfl rlc-

higbtbhg dy tfl Shvblt ihvlrgklgt he clrtmbg Nmpmglsl chkklrcbmo bgtlrlsts bgGhrtflrg Smafmobg mg` hg tfl Shvblt Kmrbtbkl Chmst, mg` tfl lstmdobsfklgt heehrkmo `bpohkmtbc rlomtbhgs dltwllg tfl twh gmtbhgs.4

Pfl prhehug` fhstbobty he Nmpmglsl mutfhrbtbls thwmr chkkugbsk, mg`tfl Shvblt ihvlrgklgts `llp-slmtl` suspbcbhgs he Bkplrbmo Nmpmgs bgtlgtbhgs bg

Ghrtflmst Msbm, `b` ght `bsmpplmr. Dut ehr tfl glxt vl ylmrs, Shvblt-Nmpmglsl rlom-tbhgs wlrl prhplr. Pfl omrilst bssul dltwllg tflk `urbgi tfl =24


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PFL OLIMCR HE PFL ZMSP ==

CLT, wflrluphg Shvblt ehrcls prhkptoy olet Kmgcfurbm.0Pfl cbvbobmg-ol` Nmpmglslihvlrgklgt kmbgtmbgl` m dlglvholgt glutrmobty tfrhuifhut tfl meembr.

Dy tfl omtl =24:s, fhwlvlr, tfl wbg`s he phobtbcmo cfmgil, he strb`lgt gmtbhgmo-bsk mg` kbobtmrbsk, wlrl rbsbgi bg Nmpmg mg` whuo` irhw tfrhuif tfl glxt `lcm`lth typfhhg strlgitf. Mt tfl smkl tbkl, tfl Stmobg rlvhoutbhg whuo` rm`bcmooy trmgs-ehrk tfl \SST lchghkbcmooy, phobtbcmooy, mg` kbobtmrboy.

Stmobgs Bgùstrbmo Tlvhoutbhg

Bg =246 Nhsle Stmobg lklril` vbcthrbhus erhk tfl succlssbhg struiiol he tfl twlgtbls

mg` prhkptoy put fbs stmkp hg Shvblt Tussbm wbtf fbs phobcbls he ehrcl` choolctbvbzm-tbhg he mirbcuoturl, rmpb` bgùstrbmobzmtbhg, mg` rutfolss tlrrhr. Bg Stmobgs vblw, cho-olctbvbzmtbhg wms glclssmry th drbgi tfl mirbcuoturmo slcthr ug`lr stmtl chgtrho mg`fmrglss bt th supphrt fbs bgùstrbmo phobcy. Kmssbvl rmpb` bgùstrbmobzmtbhg, fl mriul`,wms glclssmry ght hgoy ehr kh`lrgbzmtbhg, dut mosh ehr survbvmo. Pfl rst Ebvl-Rlmr

Zomg `b` ght lkpfmsbzl kbobtmry prhùctbhg, ehcusbgi bgstlm` hg dmsbc bgùstrblsmg` bgùstrbmo bgermstructurl. Dut bt omb` tfl ehug`mtbhg ehr tfl sudslqulgt kbobtm-rbzmtbhg he tfl Shvblt lchghky. Bg m emkhus spllcf th emcthry kmgmilrs, bg wfbcf

Stmobg uril` chkpoltbhg he tfl rst Ebvl-Rlmr Zomg bg ehur ylmrs, fl wmrgl`,Bt bs shkltbkls msal` wfltflr bt bs ght phssbdol th sohw `hwg tfl tlkph shkl-wfmt, th put m cflca hg tfl khvlklgt. Gh, chkrm`ls, bt bs ght phssbdol! Pfltlkph kust ght dl rlùcl`! Hg tfl chgtrmry, wl kust bgcrlmsl bt. . . . Ph somcalgtfl tlkph whuo` klmg emoobgi dlfbg`. Mg` tfhsl wfh emoo dlfbg` ilt dlmtlg. . . .Hgl elmturl he tfl fbsthry he Ho` Tussbm wms tfl chgtbgumo dlmtbgis sfl sueelrl`dlcmusl he flr dmcawmr`glss. . . . Ghw wl mrl ety hr m fug`rl` ylmrs dlfbg` tflm`vmgcl` chugtrbls. Yl kust kmal ihh` tfbs `bstmgcl bg tlg ylmrs. Lbtflr wl `h

bt, hr wl sfmoo dl crusfl`.

SNEAK PEAK: Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II

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Transcript of SNEAK PEAK: Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II