SMART Workshop Hammamet September 20041 Universidade Atlântica - Portugal WP 10 Comparative policy...
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Transcript of SMART Workshop Hammamet September 20041 Universidade Atlântica - Portugal WP 10 Comparative policy...
SMART Workshop HaSMART Workshop Hammamet September 2004mmamet September 2004
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Universidade Atlântica - PortugalUniversidade Atlântica - Portugal
WP 10 Comparative policy analysisComparative policy analysis
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• 2. Deliverable 10.2 -Comparative Analysis (due to August 2005)
Universidade Atlântica - PortugalUniversidade Atlântica - Portugal
• 1. Deliverable 10.1 (contribution to) -The Role of Socioeconomic Analysis in Demand for Fresh Water
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
ObjectivesObjectivesTo identify commonalities and differences and relate To identify commonalities and differences and relate them to the specific regional settingthem to the specific regional setting
To identify more generally applicable results that are To identify more generally applicable results that are invariant across the case studiesinvariant across the case studies
To organise these finding in terms of a comparative To organise these finding in terms of a comparative policy assessment, and best practice examplespolicy assessment, and best practice examples
WP10WP10
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Role socioeconomic and policy Role socioeconomic and policy aspects to understand water scarcityaspects to understand water scarcity
•Socialization of water scarcity managementSocialization of water scarcity management
•Anticipating on trends in societyAnticipating on trends in society
•Public preferences taking into accountPublic preferences taking into account
•Public support for policy measuresPublic support for policy measures
•Governments expect more responsibility according with Governments expect more responsibility according with water resources (other authorities, business water resources (other authorities, business communities and citizens)communities and citizens)
•Giving account of government effortsGiving account of government efforts
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Socioeconomic and policy aspects Socioeconomic and policy aspects to understand water scarcityto understand water scarcity
Natural - greenSocioeconomic - orangePolicy process - yellow
Driving force
Pressure
Impacts
State
Responses
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Socioeconomic information to Socioeconomic information to understand water scarcityunderstand water scarcity
To collect in a systematic way information on the supply and demand of use of water (D), the economic value of water systems (I), effectiveness and efficiency of the way public and private money is spent and the distribution of financial founds according water resources (R)
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Socioeconomic information to Socioeconomic information to understand water scarcityunderstand water scarcity
•Competing land uses•Confidence in market forces•Work towards higher efficiency•A just distribution of advantages anddisadvantages
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Policy process information to Policy process information to understand water scarcityunderstand water scarcity
To collect in a systematic way information on interventions taken by authorities, companies and citizens (decision makers) in order to recognize the need for (new) policy, to formulate well-founded policy strategies, to be able to assess it and account for it all to society
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Policy process information to Policy process information to understand water scarcityunderstand water scarcity
•Need to approach problem definition•Consciousness of interdependency•Other than rational analytic views on policy processes
• Increasing urge for giving account of government actions
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisComplete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
Socioeconomic Policy process
Driving forceWater use by economic sectors
population dynamic and trends
Impact
economic loss or damage
economic profits
public perception of the water resources state
Responses
cost effectiveness of policy measures
efforts and performance of authorities and all decision makers
distribution of financial founs progress of policy processes
public support for policy measures
The role of socioeconomic and policy aspects to The role of socioeconomic and policy aspects to understand water scarcity (DPSIR framework)understand water scarcity (DPSIR framework)
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisDevelop derived/aggregate indicators
(normalised) or indicesIndicators in Water Management (Existing)
Human Needs Index (Gleick, 1996) - considers the use of water instead of water availability. A person needs 50 litres per day for basic water requirements (drinking, cooking, bathing and hygiene)
Water Availability Index
Index of Water Scarcity Environmental Sustainability Index
Water Poverty Index (Sullivan, 2002, Lawrence et al., 2002) - water scarcity issues and socio-economic aspects – 5 aspects considered: (Resources, Access, Use, Capacity and Environment)
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisDevelop derived/aggregate indicators
(normalised) or indicesIndicators in Water Management (Existing)
Social Water Stress Index represents a society’s social adaptive capacity in facing the challenges of physical water scarcity. Dividing the amount of annually available renewable water
by population size and the Human Development Index for each
country. A higher value indicates a greater degree of water stress.
Access to drinking waterand sanitation services
Water Stress Indicator
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
P rim ary D ata
A na lysed D ata
S ub-ind ices
Ind ica tors
Index
Com ponents
P rim a ryD a ta
Ana lysed D ata
S ubind ices
Ind ica tors
Theory Reality
Agg
rega
tion
Information pyramid (Wamsley, 2002, modified)
Complete indicator data base Complete indicator data base
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisUse of Indicators to the
comparative analysis
Availability of Indicators and the level of analysis
AcceptabilityComparability
Clarity
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Deliverable D10.2Deliverable D10.2
Comparative Analysis of case studiesComparative Analysis of case studies
Universidade Atlântica - PortugalUniversidade Atlântica - Portugal
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
ObjectivesObjectivesTo compare water policies and practices between To compare water policies and practices between five countries (case studies)five countries (case studies)
Typifying each case study departing from a common Typifying each case study departing from a common list of indicatorslist of indicators Compare the policies adopted by each case study Compare the policies adopted by each case study region with the WFD of the EUregion with the WFD of the EU
Description of the main causes and effects of water Description of the main causes and effects of water scarcityscarcity
Deliverable D10.2Deliverable D10.2
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
IntroductionMethodologyTrends in water renewable and withdrawalSocioeconomic dimensions and water resources Population and water scarcityWater scarcity and sustainable development Comparative water policy dimensions
Main Topics
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IntroductionIntroductionDeliverable D10.2Deliverable D10.2
Theoretical approach: Theoretical approach: Origin of Origin of human communities and water use (as infinitive human communities and water use (as infinitive resource) Growth of water demandresource) Growth of water demandMain causes of Water resource pressuresMain causes of Water resource pressuresWater policies role and the efficiency of water Water policies role and the efficiency of water managementmanagement
Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
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IntroductionIntroductionDeliverable D10.2Deliverable D10.2
Regional approach: Regional approach: Population Growth Population Growth and Water Resources in the Middle East and North and Water Resources in the Middle East and North Africa regionsAfrica regionsThe Middle East and North African countries are home to 300 million people (5 % world total)1 % of the world annual renewable water resourcesThe freshwater problems have arisen from increasing demand for water
Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Introduction: data needsIntroduction: data needs
Deliverable D10.2Deliverable D10.2
Lack important data to fulfill the base of comparative Lack important data to fulfill the base of comparative analysisanalysis
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Comparative AnalysisComparative AnalysisDeliverable D10.2Deliverable D10.2
Source: Turkey draft deliverable 5.1Source: Turkey draft deliverable 5.1
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Introduction:Introduction: Data needs by level of analysis and Data needs by level of analysis and
sourcessources
RegionalRegional (Case study, from National (Case study, from National and regional statistics)and regional statistics)
NationalNational (from United Nations (from United Nations statistical yeardbook and other official statistical yeardbook and other official entities)entities)
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Methodological principles for the Methodological principles for the comparative analysiscomparative analysis
Definition of the object for analysis
The level of comparison
Conceptual comprehension
Analysis of the indicators
Assessment of present and future trends
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Methodological principles for the Methodological principles for the comparative analysiscomparative analysis
The level of comparison
Water scarcity indicators
5 countries
Similiarity Difference
Analysis of common features
Analysis of differences
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Methodological principles for the Methodological principles for the comparative analysiscomparative analysis
Conceptual understanding
The comparison to be relevant - concepts are defined
clearly
The concepts are utilized not only during approach and
analysis, but also when comparing and analyzing the
results
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Methodological principles for the Methodological principles for the comparative analysiscomparative analysis
Analysis of the indicators
In comparative analysis of indicators, the results
depending essentially on the method
The methods of comparison depends of the subject.
In this study various methods to compare will be
adopted
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Methodological principles for the Methodological principles for the comparative analysiscomparative analysis
Analysis of the indicators: methods of comparison
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Factors enhancing the success of Factors enhancing the success of comparative analysiscomparative analysis
Analysis of the indicators
Comparative Comparative AnalysisAnalysis
Interaction between subjects and
objects
Comparison of the collected data
Comparison of concepts and definitions
Similarity of compare case studies (typifiing)
Context knowledge of the research object
Compatibility between levels of
analysis
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Problems related to international Problems related to international comparative analysiscomparative analysis
•differences in implementation policies
•goal differences
•differences in steering systems
At the theoretical point of view, the international scale of
analysis is more difficult to obtain the optimal
preconditions for comparative analysis
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Assessment of present and future Assessment of present and future trendstrends
1.Specification of the policy context for the analysis. Derived from the following:
• Inventory of relevant national and international lows and regulations (including - EU WFD)
• Assessment of stakeholders and their interests within the case study areas
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Assessment of present and future Assessment of present and future trendstrends
2.Comparative analysis of three scenarios providing possible future trends in case study areas and water scarcity driving forces.
Three scenarios developed for 5 countries are being compared to describe the alternative futures and to map trends in natural systems (e.g. climate), economic and social systems (e.g. societal preferences, economic growth), institutions (e.g. strictness of environmental quality targets) which lead to those futures.
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Link scenario assumptions to P indicators Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships by means of models or ES relationships
In this step could be interesting to interact with the regional Decision Makers (e.g. Water Policy Leaders and Stakeholders)
The Decision makers could provides guidance to the most pertinent policy context and to evaluate the relevance of the projected scenario assumptions (including Pressure indicators)
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Link scenario assumptions to P indicators Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships by means of models or ES relationships
This guidance enter as input of models or helping as link between models and Comparative Analysis
In this perspective scenario assumptions to P indicators resulting from the identification of measures and development of three different management strategies
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Link scenario assumptions to P indicators Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships by means of models or ES relationships
This guidance enter as input of models or helping as link between models and Comparative Analysis
In this perspective scenario assumptions to P indicators resulting from the identification of measures and development of three different management strategies
BAU Scenario: Identifies and assesses measures regarding to the cost-effectiveness and the feasibility of implementation: technical measures, working with nature measures, economic incentives (resulting from the consultation proccess)Other 2 scenarios: constructing alternative packages of measures which, together, could achieve pre-defined targets (resulting from the ES analysis, however including the reactions of colsuntation proccess)
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Comparative AnalysisComparative Analysis
Link scenario assumptions to P indicators Link scenario assumptions to P indicators by means of models or ES relationships by means of models or ES relationships
Impact assessment of management strategies expressed in the three scenarios
Evaluation of management strategies•Evaluation of the scenarios•Policy analysis covering current situation and future options (This step involves the use of software tool (ex: Definite)