SMART LOCAL ENERGYSYSTEMS: DEMONSTRATOR

ReFLEX will develop and deliver a replicable communitybased Integrated Energy System demonstration project.

Project strategy (NK)• Use novel localised power balancing mechanisms

alongside digital control to provide robust andresponsive energy systems across the electricity,transport and heat networks.

• Develop a Virtual Power Plant to manage energyflows in each of the three sectors.

• Use pre-financed and self-financed customer/userinfrastructure delivered through democratisedbusiness models.

Project locationHow has Orkney earned this opportunity?

• Unique blend of natural resources (wind, wave, tide,oil, hydrogen, solar, heat…)

• Vision: Oil 1970’s; Wind 1980’s; Marine 1990’s;Efficiency 2000’s; Hydrogen & Storage 2010’s;Integrated energy solutions 2020’s; Large scaledevelopments 2020’s & 2030’s

• Commitment: People, money, sites, demand, ideas• Knowledge & expertise: Unrivalled experience,

facilities and cluster of experts & specialists• Willingness to share know-how and success

How we use energy now & in the future

Source: OREF 2014 Energy Audit by Aquatera (Note: excludes peat and air travel) 4

Orkney islands Domestic

Public admin

Commercial& industrial

Agriculture

Interisland ferriesOther marine transport

Ferry servicesto themainland

Electricity

Kerosene

Gas oil

Heavy fuel oil

Marine diesel oil

LGPCoal

Marine gas oil

Petrol

Diesel

Buildings

Terrestrialnon-roadtransport

Roadtransport

Marinetransport

Now all renewables

Electrify more heating

Agriculture – it’ll come

Next target: Make this green(EVs/hydrogen/synthetic diesel)

Marine hydrogen/synthetic diesel

Electricity

Electricity/biomass?

Agriculture

EVs

Marine

5

Micro-generation success story• Over 740 turbines installed –mostly private• Most turbines of any county in the UK• 1/9th of UK’s domestic turbines (0.07% of UK’s solar)• Income to Orkney economy: >£4M/yr• Reducing money ‘lost’

• Squeezing more efficient ‘big wind’ off

OREF runs a unique database on performance & faults

6

Electrical demand in Orkneymet by renewablesJuly 2008 First net export month2013 First net export yearApril 2015 Last net import month

2018 =110%

Summary by OREF members

Data monitoringReal time - SSE

Time series

Curtailment Intelligence

Data monitoring - generationCurtailment events

Combatting CurtailmentEarly technical trials

10

Changing electricity use - EVsCars• Now >210 vehicles in the county• 1 bus + ATVs• 12 pairs of FAST chargers, 4 RAPID chargers• 2018-2023 EV strategy in place• Highest % uptake in Scotland

OREF data base shows• >2/3 of charging is done at home• 80% have a private charger• Average mileage of EVs studied = ~24 miles/day• Electricity use for vehicles ~ 7-9kWh /day/car• If average speed is 30mph then cars are in use 1 hour/day

11

Wealth distribution?How many people in Orkney benefit directly from generating energy?300 people employed in the renewable sector500 householders with micro wind turbines installed400 homes with solar and heat pump technology installed8 large scale community turbines sites directly linked to >1000 households;40 local investors in two locally owned schemes210 electric cars running locally

Consequently there are likely to be ~700 ‘enterprises’ and 2000 or 20% ofhouseholds that have a direct link with and benefit from renewables

£

Multi vector system -> multiple demonstration scenarios

Local AuthorityNational

Grid

Tidal

Wave

Solar

Electricity

Bio-tech

Hydrogen

Batteries Diesel/Kero.

Heat Ammonia

Transport

Fertiliser

ElectricityUse

Heat AgricultureBuildingsKeyYellow = inputBlue = vectorGreen = final use

System Control/Integration

Wind

Delivering ambitious targetsOrkney Sustainable Energy Strategy targets Now ReFLEX 2030 2050

Renewables generation of electricity 120% 300%Total energy demand 250 MW 200 MWElectricity demand 25MW 50%Energy storage and commoditisation capacity 2 MW 600 MW

Decarbonised energy use 10% 50%Installed capacity (within 50 nm) 60 MW 600MWHouseholds in fuel poverty >60% <20%Jobs related to sustainable energy 300 600

Students studying energy in Orkney 35 100

Carbonfree

economy!

Strategic alignment

Wider Project Team

Company Core Personnel Wider Team Suppliers

7 6

10 2

8 6

7 2

5 7

9 1

4

50

4

28

WP2 – Virtual Energy System (GD)

Solutions( ReFLEX)Solutions( ReFLEX)

Grid upgradesor

management

Grid upgradesor

management

Storage andDemand sidemanagement

Storage andDemand sidemanagement

Fuel switchingfrom fossil fuel

to electricity

Fuel switchingfrom fossil fuel

to electricity

Increasingdemand

Increasingdemand

Starts with detailed OrkneyEnergy Audit:

• Refresh• Remodel to live system of

energy input and output• Link to VES and Energy systems

modelling• New data

Yes4%

No96%

Have you considered switchingEnergy Provider in the last 6 months?

Yes

No

ScottishHydro80%

ScottishPower

7%

E.ON5%

N Power2% EDF

3%Other

3%

Orkney customers present EnergyProvider

ScottishHydroScottishPowerE.ON

N Power

EDF

Other

WP2 – Public engagement

VirtualEnergy System Domestic

Batteries(small)

DomesticThermalStorage

ElectricVehicles

IndustrialBatteries

(med)

IndustrialBattery(large)

H2 FuelCells

V2GChargers

Electric / H2Buses

ColdIroning

HydrogenFerries

HydrogenBoilers

HeatPumps

FlexiTRANS

FlexiGRIDFlexiHEAT

WP2 – VES Toolbox Development

• Data input• Dynamic Forecasting• Heat / transport / grid model• Optimisation• Recommendations• Scenarios• Validation• Replication

Add a footer 19

Modelling of the system – HWU

Data Forecasts

Heat / Transport / GridModels

Validation Scenarios

Replication

Multi Vector/Agent- Optimisation

EnergyRecommendations

WP3 – FlexiGrid

Domestic Technology Example

• £6500 - £8000 installed cost• 13kWh storage capacity• 3.68kW inverter

Domestic Energy Storage

Minimal grid importduring peak hours

Grid charging duringoff-peak / peak local

renewable generation

Domestic Technology Example

• £6500 - £8000 installed cost• 13kWh storage capacity• 3.68kW inverter

Domestic Energy Storage

Minimal grid importduring peak hours

Grid charging duringoff-peak / peak local

renewable generation

Summer Profile

NightCharge from grid

PeakDischarge to

customer

Mid-dayCharge from PV

EveningDischarge to grid - arbitrage

00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00

Winter Profile

00:00 06:00 12:00 18:00 00:00

PeakDischarge to

customer

NightCharge from grid

Mid-dayCharge from PV

EveningDischarge to grid - arbitrage

Reducing Energy Bills / Revenue Stacking

Standard Tariff VPP Tariff

+15% billreduction

Revenues Vs. Costs (per customer)

GridServices

Arbitrage

VPP Fee

Operations

Profit

AssetFinancing

Value Proposition

WP4 – FlexTrans (MHu)

Road vehicles• Utilising domestic and commercial electric vehicles as “batteries on wheels”• Matching local generation and grid capacities to flexible transport• Demand responsive and intelligent services• Managing vehicle/ferry interactions• Handling domestic vehicles away from the house• Handling commercial vehicles• Managing vehicle poolingShipping• Providing and managing shore services and support• Ferry transport capacity• Cruise ship capacity?

Managing transport energy supply and demand in locally flexible ways:

WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.1 Vehicle to Grid and EV Smart Charging (Solo)

Homebattery

EV with Vehicle-to-Home / Vehicle-to-

Grid charging

Micro-generation

flexibility

Power

Heat Transport

Grid charging /discharging

WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.2 Community Grid & Generation integrated transport (CES)

Local supplyLocal generation Local demand/storage Transmission

Energy EnergyEnergy

Cash flow

Local Finance (community ownership)

H2£

WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.2 Community Grid & Generation integrated transport (CES)

flexibility

Power

Transport

WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.3 LA/DSL owned grid integrated EV buses & demand responsive vehicles (OIC)

Through this task analysis and review of the local transport sector will be undertaken to identifygaps and opportunities where the ReFLEX project may be able to interact with transport servicesto offer local benefit.

This could include replacement or enhancement of existing services or provision of new services.

The study will identify promising opportunities and assess viability.

Implementation of new solutions will be pursued where appropriate.

WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.4 Grid scale battery backed charger (AQT)

Task 4.2 – Isle’s ferry terminalOther Locations?• Households• Place of work• Urban car park• Visitor attraction• Amenity spots• Supermarket• On board ferry• Ferry car parks• Airport car park• Street parking• Mobile ‘rescue packs’• Black spot packs

1-2 Tesla Powerpackbatteries each with10 associated fast EVcharger connections

WP4 – FlexTransTask 4.5 Marine Transport (CES/OIC/EMEC)

Task 4.5.1 Options for Maritime Transport Decarbonisation

This task will review and assess the diverse range of marine vessels and their supporting infrastructure operatingin the Orkney eco-system, to gain a detailed understanding of the complexity of transitioning this key sector ofOrkney’s transport sector to low / zero carbon alternatives.

Task 4.5.2 Opportunity for Marine Transport flexibility within ReFLEX

CES and the OIC will engage with project partners to investigate the potential to incorporate their existing marinetransport/ferry infrastructure into the project.

Task 4.5.3 RTFO review

This final activity in this task will provide the ReFLEX project with a report detailing the overall opportunity, thesteps necessary to incorporate green hydrogen for maritime applications into the RTFO support mechanism andthe procedure for RTFO registration for eligible Renewable Fuel producers.

WP5 – FlexHeat (GB)

Objectives To reduce the cost/kW of heat generated Deliver a net increase in affordable warmth.

Achieved by: Installing appropriate hardware to efficiently generate heat : A/GSHP, HFC Matching heat demand and supply : Building management systems Improving on-demand, intelligent generation/release of heat : VES integration Align with district heating / heat trading where infrastructure permits : OIC plans

35

• ‘12-’16 decrease in oil price encourages use. Incentive needed for alternative solutions• Broad mix of domestic heating in Orkney - 39% (oil/solid) and 43% electric• Require to raise awareness of ‘whole house heating’ approach vs ‘selective rooms’

Domestic Heating - Now

Heat Pump InstallationHeat pumps extract low temperature energy from the environment, raise the temperatureand then distribute it to provide hot water or general domestic heating.

Air Source Heat Pump(ASHP)

Typically:- 4x more efficient than fossil

fuels- 1kW in 3 - 5kW out- Air/Air : space heating- Water/Air : space heating- Air/Water: hot water

- Variable performance

Ground Source Heat Pump(GSHP)

Typically:- 40-50% heating cost of oil/LPG- 4x more efficient (fossil fuels)- 1kW in 3-4kW heat out- 7yr income under Domestic

Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI).- 20yrs for Non-Domestic RHI

Slightly more efficient than ASHP -uniform ground temperature

Targets

• Install heat pump in insulated homes + RHI• Reduce and measure carbon footprint

reduction for heating for each targeted house• Deliver ‘affordable warmth’

Green Hydrogen Heat & Power

Hydrogen production(Electrolyser by EMEC)

1

Hydrogentransportation andstorage (by EMEC)

2

Green hydrogengas converted toheat and power.

3

Heat & Power todecarbonise localleisure centre(current fuel = oil)

4

VES Integration

DemandSupply

Control

Commercial/IndustrialDomestic

VES

Heat Pump Hydrogen FuelCell

HeatPumps

Building Management Systems

Heat Heat HeatPower

Thermal Storage, or Distribution via District Heating(to be confirmed)

Integration of:- Heat pumps (A/GSHP)- Hydrogen fuel cell- Building mgmt. systems

to deliver heat as needed.

Excess heat generation haspotential to be stored ordistributed (and traded) on adistrict heating network, insimilar manner to power grid.

Connection to Other Initiatives

Diverting unused renewable energyinto affordable heating

WP6 – Replication & Exploitation

Wider framework rollout (ReFLEX - plus plus)Replication of The Orkney model taking into account any lessons learned and making it

locally applicable to each location

Full Orkney Project delivery (ReFELX - plus)Programme to support and deliver the full breadth, scale and cost of the

Orkney demonstration project and to provide for its long termeffectiveness and success

ReFLEX ProjectMajor, but part funding (50% / depreciation limited)

to kick-of a 3 year demonstration project

Preparatory workUndertaken in Orkney by local

project partners and others, alongwith established capacity from

other delivery partners

41

• Core project will last 3 yearsand have a total value of £28m

WP6 – ReFLEX Plus• Plus project will last 20+ years and

may have a value of over £200m

• Define key characteristics and replicationpathway

• Characterise prospective replicationcommunities

• Evaluating suitability• Targeting most suitable communities• Engaging communities on replication

pathway

U K a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l r o l e o u t

42

WP6 – ReFLEX Plus Plus

WP7 – Communication

WP7 – Communication• Communications plan:

• Define key messages – project and partners• Define target audience / key stakeholders• Detailed plan re comms: branding / website / PR / social media / materials / graphics / videos

• Next Steps:• Partner meetings• Website / Templates

• Engagement events:• 7 May 2019: OREF information meeting• 2019 – 2022: Community engagement events• 2022: End of project event

• Conferences:• 3 April 2019: Hannover Messe• 14-16 May 2019: 3rd Clean Energy for EU Islands Forum• 16-17 May 2019: All-Energy 2019, Glasgow• 17 May 2019: Lord Mayor’s Business Event - London• 9 June 2019: Fully Charged Live Show• 1-8 July 2019: London Climate Action Week / Climate Innovation Forum• 10 August 2019: Orkney County Show• 3-5 Sept 2019: UKES2 2019• 5-11 Sept 2019: Orkney International Science Festival• 30-1 Nov 2019: Distributed Energy Conference

• It requires ‘buy-in’ from the many• Design work is going on now• Recruiting

• Need to find participants• Keep people engaged• Get ready to make the change

H o w t o g e t i n v o l v e d

45

ReFLEX – What next?

Never doubtthat a small group of thoughtful,

committed, citizenscan change the world.

Indeed, it is the only thing that everhas.

Margaret Mead

46

Final thoughts