IoT and Smart CitiesPart 1: Introduction

hello world;I am Bhavin ChandaranaI am here because I love technology. You can find me at @BhavinIoT

Cofounder @Phaneron Inc,A Smart, Connected Lifestylephaneronsystems.com

Btech + Mtech @IIT Madras,Biotech, Batch of 2014https://iitm.almaconnect.com/profiles/bhavin-chandarana-3

Cofounder @AviPulse Foundation,Avifaunal Conservationavipulse.com

AGENDA

Today is going to be a bit different:

◉ Sci/Tech Pop & Business & Case Studies◉ 3 part series

➢ Introduction - Today➢ Tech, examples & demo- March➢ Hands on - April

◉ Extends beyond a lecture - it’s an initiative

PART-1 : Introduction◉ Existing Tech: ICT, IoT, Machine Learning & Big Data◉ Future Tech: IPv6, RPL, Blockchain◉ Examples: Waste mgmt, Transportation, Public Spaces◉ Economics & Human Factors◉ Case Studies

BIG CONCEPTWhat is a Smart City?

DEFINITION

There are many competing definitions of what a smart city, or a smart technology, constitutes. Core principles about smart city projects:

◉ Smart city technologies leverage data in a way that either improves or redefines how a city service is delivered

◉ Smart city investments contribute to a strategic vision for the use of ICT in the city

◉ Smart city investments can include ‘soft’ measures to facilitate interest in and the sustainability of the marketplace

◉ Smart cities do not include all new technologies regardless of their use of data

TechnologySmart cities are at an intersection of

Technology, Governance & Citizen Science1

ICT, Cloud & Mobile

Data Values

Projected global mobile data traffic for 2020 30.6EB/m

Global mobile video traffic per month 2.03 M TB

Mobile share of organic search engine visits in the U.S 43%

Mobile phone internet user penetration worldwide 52.7%

B2C m-commerce sales in the U.S.$83.93bn $83.93bn

Usage Values

Percentage of peak period aggregate traffic of YouTube 19.22%

Mobile-only unique visitors to Apple Inc. 65.36m

Percentage of time spent on gaming apps on iOS and Android devices 15%

http://www.statista.com

ICT, Cloud & Mobile

http://www.statista.com

ICT, Cloud & Mobile

Google Trends

ICT, Cloud & Mobile

Google Trends

ICT

http://www.smartcity-planning.co.jp

Moore’s LawNumber of components on chip doubles every year

Koomey’s LawEnergy efficiency of computation doubles roughly every 1.5 years

Metcalfe’s LawValue of a network with n nodes ∝O(n2)

IoT

Shift from social media & mobility to data science & analytics◉ Realtime dashboards & notifications◉ Business Intelligence & Micro-moments

The rise of Middleware!◉ AWS IoT◉ IBM Bluemix®

◉ 2lemetry (bought by Amazon)◉ Jasper (bought by Cisco)

IoT

◉ Google: Nest, Google Cloud Platform, Brillo◉ Samsung: Samsung Ventures has been investing in a lot of IoT based startups.

The also have a home automation line up◉ Apple: Apple Homekit - iOS for home automation◉ Amazon: AWS-IoT◉ Intel: Edison® & Galileo® prototyping boards, EPID technology◉ IBM: MQTT protocol, Bluemix® Platform, lots of middleware◉ Cisco: Own product line, Investing in / buying a lot of companies

IoT

ML & Big Data

Big data: Any data that cannot fit into an Excel spreadsheet

◉ Apache Hadoop, Amazon Redshift, Galera SQL cluster , Gluster

Machine Learning: Non Linear Number Crunching in n-D

◉ Wit.ai, api.ai, askZiggy, etc.

WIRED

ExamplesSome startups / initiatives working on smart

cities2

Waste Management: Compology

Waste Collection Sensors

◉ Est. in 2012 in San Francisco by Ben Chehebar and Jason Gates◉ A (robust) garbage sensor track the fullness of your front-load and roll-off

containers◉ Provide realtime information & routes◉ SaaS & analytics platform◉ Scalable: Can scale it from one city

to a nationwide network

http://compology.com

Waste Management: Compology

http://compology.com

Waste Management: Enevo

Optimizing garbage collection

◉ Founded in 2010 in Finland◉ Ultrasonic sensors to measure the fill levels of dumpsters and other waste

receptacles◉ Waste managers can create dynamic, need-based trash pickup schedules◉ A web dashboard collects and analyzes the data, and generates routes and

schedules that make sure well-used locations get a pickup before becoming overfull, while avoiding unnecessary pickups at locations that don’t fill as quickly.

◉ Cities can experience direct cost savings of up to 50 percent (or so they claim :D)

http://www.enevo.com

Waste Management: Enevo

◉ Raised $15.8 million recently in new funding

◉ The round was led by Foxconn, Ginko Ventures and Mistletoe

◉ Participation from previous investors Earlybird, Lifeline Ventures, Finnish Industry Investment

◉ Also individuals

http://www.enevo.com

Waste Management: Loci Controls

Smart Landfill Gas Collection

◉ Based out of Massachusetts

◉ Makes smart, connected hardware that helps landfill operators monitor — and capture — the natural gases that are produced by decomposing trash

◉ WellWatcher hardware monitors the chemical composition of landfill gas, its flow rate, and the temperature and pressure inside the pipes. Taking readings a few times an hour, the battery-powered, solar-rechargeable system reports its data via a cellular connection

http://locicontrols.com

Waste Management: Loci Controls

Smart Landfill Gas Collection

◉ Recently (partially) closed a Series A funding round for an undisclosed amount

◉ The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) led the round, alongside CommonAngels Venture Fund, Launch Capital, Houston Angel Network, and several Boston-area angel investors. Loci Controls is a graduate of the Bolt accelerator, and is housed at Greentown Labs.

http://locicontrols.com

Waste Management: Loci Controls

http://locicontrols.com

Transportation: Smart Bike LocksPrice: $129 (pre-order)

Service Fee: $4.99-$6.99 per month

Connectivity: GPS

Battery Life: 3-4 weeks expected

BikeSpike

Price: $119 Connectivity: Bluetooth

Apps: Apple, Android

Battery: Bitlock can handle 10,000 lock/unlock operations on a single battery. (Enough for 5-year battery life with 5 lock/unlock operations a day)

BitLock

Price: $249 Apps: Apple, Android, Microsoft

Connectivity: Bluetooth, GSM/GPRS SIM

Battery: charges while you’re cycling

Sensors: Three-axis gyroscope, accelerometer, light, temperature

Lock8

GPS technology to locate your bike and cellular technology to share that location in real time. This allows you to see where you bike is at any point in time via the web application or the mobile applicationhttp://bikespike.com

Bitlock: The world's first keyless bike lock to enable low cost peer-to-peer bike sharing among individuals and communities.Bitlock senses your proximity and identifies you as you come within 3 feet of your bikehttp://bitlock.co

Keyless - No more keys! Use your smartphone as an e-Key to easily lock and unlock your smart bike lock.GPS - Bike GPS tracking to locate your bike if it goes missing or remember where you left it and share your location with friends. http://lock8.me

Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia

Supercomputer for self-driving cars◉ 12 CPU cores that support a combined eight teraflops and 24 deep learning tera

operations per second - “equivalent to 150 MacBook Pros”, all sitting in a computer that's about the size of a lunchbox. Also, its Water-cooled

◉ Process the inputs of 12 video cameras, plus lidar, radar and ultrasonic sensors◉ Volvo is Nvidia's first partner to use the Drive PX2, it will deploy it in some test

self-driving vehicles◉ Created a reference platform called the "Nvidia Drivenet" and it is already testing

its own self-driving cars. It has nine inception layers so that it can train itself to "perceive things out in the world."

◉ It took a few months for the network to recognize objects in real time

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk

Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk

Public Spaces: Array of Things

Network of sensor boxes that will be mounted to lampposts & other infrastructure◉ By Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago◉ Each “node” in the network will collect block-by-block environmental data about

temperature, humidity, light, air quality, and eventually even wind and precipitation

◉ $3.1 million award from the National Science Foundation◉ They plan to work with the city of Chicago to start deploying Array of Things

hardware in Q4, 2016, with up to 500 nodes in place by the end of 2017◉ The resulting data sets will be made available to researchers, app developers,

and the public through an open database◉ The hardware and software are all open-source, and released on GitHub

https://github.com/ArrayOfThings

Public Spaces: Array of Things

https://github.com/ArrayOfThings

Public Spaces: Array of Things

http://arrayofthings.github.io API & HW: https://github.com/ArrayOfThings

Public Spaces: Placemeter

http://www.placemeter.com

Quantified Public Spaces◉ Machine-vision sensor, which is designed to make anonymized counts of vehicle

and foot traffic in public places◉ A startup based out of New York City. Raised $6 million in recent funding round◉ Initially, paid beta-testers who would run its app on old smartphones or

webcams placed in windows overlooking busy intersections and plazas. ◉ Made a new sensor - improvement for privacy, reliability and ease of use and

does in situ realtime processing

Public Spaces: Placemeter

http://www.placemeter.com

Public Spaces: Placemeter

http://www.placemeter.com

Environment: AirBeam

http://habitatmap.org

Citizen Wireless Air Quality Monitoring◉ Citizen science initiative by Brooklyn-based nonprofit HabitatMap◉ A distributed network of “aircasters” who wear the device and publish the local

air quality data◉ Explore the link between air quality health issues◉ AirBeam is Arduino-powered and entirely open-source◉ Designed to be expandable, both through

➢ the addition of new sensors and ➢ by sharing AirBeam data with other websites and applications

◉ DIY wearables and other accessories that use colored LEDs to represent AirBeam data in real time

https://github.com/HabitatMap

Environment: AirBeam

http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap

Environment: AirBeam

http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap

Environment: Breathe

http://breathe.city

Personal Air Quality Sensor

◉ A wearable air quality monitor with a minimalist look and interface◉ 2014 project from digital designer Samuel Cox◉ CO2 sensor, Arduino, BLE and rechargeable battery, 3D-printed biodegradable

plastic case, RGB LED for indication◉ Syncs with other similar devices like AirBoxLab, Foobot (indoors ) and AirBeam

and Tzoa (outdoors)◉ Data is synced to a paired smartphone that can keep records of daily air intake,

add the data to crowdsourced maps and help users plot walking and biking routes that avoid pollution hotspots

http://samuelcox.net

Environment: Breathe

http://breathe.city http://samuelcox.net

Economics & Human FactorsWith focus on India 3

How to make a country Rich1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers

Equitable Land DistributionEradicate Rural Feudalism

3. Spend on DevelopmentKeep finance on the short leash and aligned with national, long-term industrial interest

2. Make Industries CompetitiveProtection & SubsidyIncentivize ExportsSkills Development

Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region

Equitable Land DistributionEradicate Rural Feudalism

Keep finance on the short leash and aligned with national, long-term industrial interest

Protection & SubsidyIncentivize ExportsSkills Development

Keep finance on the short leash and aligned withnational, long-term industrial interest

Smart FarmingSmart weather forecasting & analyticsOnline Farming Education

P2P lending & Crowdfunding

Analytics & Industrial IoTOnline Diploma & TrainingFastracked & red tape free registration

1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers

3. Spend on Development

2. Make Industries Competitive

How can Technology help

Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region

India’s Competitiveness Profile

World Economic Forum: 19 charts that explain India’s economic challenge

India’s Competitiveness Performance

World Economic Forum: 19 charts that explain India’s economic challenge

India’s Stakeholder preparedness for City Transformation

World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality

Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031

The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India

● According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC), approximately $640.2 billion is needed until 2031 for investment in urban infrastructure and services if India is to maintain and accelerate economic growth

● The investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure (roads, transport, traffic support, street lighting, water supply, sewerage, storm water drains and solid waste management) is estimated at $506.3 billion.

● Approximately half of that amount is needed in Class IA and IB cities alone; Class IC cities require 30% and Class II–IV+ cities 20%. An additional $67.0 billion will be needed for renewal and redevelopments of certain urban areas, particularly slums, and $16.3 billion will be required for capacity building of urban local bodies (ULBs) to ensure the availability of sufficient skills to plan, develop and manage the required infrastructure projects.

● Given the fact that the public sector is in no position to bankroll investments of this magnitude, a significant funding gap clearly exists for the Government of India for the required investment in (urban) infrastructure. The HPEC estimates the funding deficit at 0.15–0.39% of GDP per annum for the period 2012–2031, which amounts to a funding gap of $80– 110 billion

Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031

The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India

Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031

The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India

India’s Risks in Public Private Partnership (Urban development Projects)

World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality

India’s Constraint in Infrastructure Development (next 3 years)

World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality

Case StudiesChicago, Hong Kong

Pune?4

CHICAGO2011-present

Genesis: Push for smart cities began with election of Mayor Emanuel (May 2011)Key players: CTO (John Tolva), CDO (Brett Goldstein), Smart Chicago Collaborative (partnership b/w City, MacArthur Foundation & Chicago Community Trust)

ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP

PROJECTS

Infra. InvestmentBroadband project

Dynamic Spectrum Sharing

Sustainable Connectivity

Economic developmentChicago Health Atlas

Windy Grid

Illinois Open Technology Challenge

Hosted Web Space

Community engagementThe City that Networks

Digital Skills Initiative

Connect Chicago

Smart Health Centres

Funding

Grant Funding: The City of Chicago Department of Innovation and Technology received grants under the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program of ARRA for Sustainable Broadband Adoption and the support of Public Computer Centres. The Smart Chicago Collaborative helps the City administer all of the projects under this fundingPartnerships Chicago has a corporate partnership with IBM to do some basic research. The Smart Chicago Collaborative has McArthur Foundation support, which helps to fund some of the City’s projectsExisting City Funding: Many of the longer term roles in the City are funded through the City’s budget

Challenges

Financial Capital: The funding to undertake projects was a key initial challenge.

Human Capital: A key challenge was in re-tooling the IT department in the city to be able to respond to these new challenges. Previously the IT department contracted development work, but now the city has a development and design resource, and a director of data analytics.

Future Plans

Gigabit Broadband: The broadband work in the city is seen as a transformative project. The speeds and the price points that they are aiming to hit are intended to be disruptive. They believe that will be key in fostering innovative and creative responses to the city’s challengesCity as a Platform: Chicago has many networked devices (e.g. trash cans, bike sharing schemes). There is an opportunity to get these better connected in a similar way to the open data portalDispersed Digital Literacy: Although there are public computer centres in Chicago, the next challenge will be bringing these resources out into the streetEnsuring Sustainability

HONG KONG1998 - present

Genesis: Digital 21 initiative established in 1998 for ICT investmentOrganization structure for streamlining governance est. 2004The current strategy contains five key action areas:

◉ Facilitating a digital economy◉ Promoting advanced technology and innovation◉ Developing Hong Kong as a hub for technological

cooperation and trade◉ Enabling the next generation of public services◉ Building an inclusive, knowledge-based society.

INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP

PROJECTS

EIM: (Electronic Information Management), was central to the 2008 Digital 21 Strategy, and covers Content Management, Records Management, Knowledge ManagementE-government: OGCIO is responsible for running the city’s main website. They aim to meet 80% of citizens’ needs for dealing with the government on that website, through e-government services. As of Dec 2012, there are 49 government mobile applications and 38 government mobile websitesGovWiFi: 100% WiFi enabled city by 2017Open Data: Demographic, economic, geographical and meteorological data, etc. made publically available and easily accessible. Govt. sponsored hackathons for the best use of this data (https://data.gov.hk/en)

Future Plans

Hong Kong will continue to work towards the vision articulated in the Digital 21 strategy, and will update it as new challenges and opportunities are identified. Mr Godfrey explains that achieving the city’s aim around ICT is a continual process of improvement, rather than an end-goal:“Although we have articulated our vision, I don’t think we will ever be able to say we’ve done it. Because even when you get there, ICT changes so fast that you are going to have to keep running to achieve the vision.”He also identifies that shifting to cloud-based ICT operations in the city will be a core upcoming challenge:“We see the biggest change in the next few years being how we make use of cloud computing in government, which will affect both the applications and the infrastructure”

A SPECIAL THANKS TO

Milind DeoreFounder, Helium InkOrganizer of IoT, Pune

Ashish PandeyFounder, Helium InkOrganizer of IoT, Pune

Anita BhingeCEO, Spacetech Designs

THANKS!Any questions?

You can find me at@BhavinIoT / bhavin@phaneronsystems.com

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