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LESSON # 8 (f)LESSON # 8 (f)RELATIONSHIPRELATIONSHIP

ADAB TOWARDS THE PROPHET ADAB TOWARDS THE PROPHET # 7 – [Do not put self forward before the Prophet]# 7 – [Do not put self forward before the Prophet]

3RD RUN OF THE MODULE

Arabic (plural) of Adab : meanings – “good breeding, decency, nurture, good manners, refinement, cultured, decorum, courteous, etiquette, propriety, social grace, to educate, discipline, the humanities, etc.” sense of proportion and knowledge of their rightful place in the order of things, the absence of which indicates injustice

started 24 August 2013

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)UPDATED - 23 NOVEMBER 2013UPDATED - 23 NOVEMBER 2013

Topic for 23 November 2013Topic for 23 November 2013

By retracing our life, we start with understanding By retracing our life, we start with understanding

our basic nature as a human being - having our basic nature as a human being - having

inherent powers and their potentialities to be inherent powers and their potentialities to be

developed.developed.

RECAP PREVIOUS LESSON

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)

In our relationship regarding our Education – we In our relationship regarding our Education – we

are to encounter, i.e. assisted by our educators - are to encounter, i.e. assisted by our educators -

with what is referred to as, “with what is referred to as, “knowledgeknowledge”.”.



Yet, we are born helpless and have to be cared, Yet, we are born helpless and have to be cared,

nurtured, to be inculcated with discipline, taught and nurtured, to be inculcated with discipline, taught and

developed by a developed by a Murabbi’Murabbi’ (EDUCATOR) – the first of (EDUCATOR) – the first of

whom are our PARENTS.whom are our PARENTS.



Relationship with the Parents and TeacherRelationship with the Parents and Teacher

Yet, we are born helpless and have to be cared, Yet, we are born helpless and have to be cared,

nurtured, to be inculcated with discipline, taught and nurtured, to be inculcated with discipline, taught and

developed by a developed by a Murabbi’Murabbi’ (EDUCATOR) – the first of (EDUCATOR) – the first of

whom are our PARENTS.whom are our PARENTS.



Islam: to submit the entire self (body, tongue, heart and Mind) – Freeing it from desire which needs to always be guided to the Will of Allah. THE WORLDTHE WORLD

TIMETIME

SELFSELFBODY

TONGUE

MINDDESIRE

HEART

Obedience to Parents and teachersObedience to Parents and teachersBeginning of education:[1] Tarbiyya pertains to training of the soul still attached to desires, etc.

Teacher/Educator:[1] Parent[2] Teacher

Although ultimate isKnowledge, (boththeoretical and practical) – initial disciplining, rote learning, memorization, etc. may be crucial.

PARENTSPARENTSTEACHERSTEACHERS

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE



Islam: to submit the entire self (body, tongue, heart and Mind) – Freeing it from desire which needs to always be guided to the Will of Allah. THE WORLDTHE WORLD

TIMETIME

SELFSELFBODY

TONGUE

MINDDESIRE

HEART

Obedience to Parents and teachersObedience to Parents and teachersBeginning of education:[1] Tarbiyya pertains to training of the soul still attached to desires, etc.

Teacher/Educator:[1] Parent[2] Teacher

Although ultimate isKnowledge, (boththeoretical and practical) – initial disciplining, rote learning, memorization, etc. may be crucial.

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE


PARENTSPARENTS

TEACHERSTEACHERS


““Educate (nurture) your children upon three things: Educate (nurture) your children upon three things:

[1] To Love your Prophet (s.a.w.),[1] To Love your Prophet (s.a.w.),

[2] And to love the Family members of his household (Aali [2] And to love the Family members of his household (Aali

Muhammad), Muhammad),

[3] and (learn) to recite Al-Qur’an.”[3] and (learn) to recite Al-Qur’an.”

((Hadith narrated by TabraniHadith narrated by Tabrani))


“Educate (nurture) your children upon three things: [1] To Love your Prophet (s.a.w.),[2] And to love the Family members of his household (Aali Muhammad), [3] and (learn) to recite Al-Qur’an.”

(Hadith narrated by Tabrani)

SELFSELF

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

TEACHERSTEACHERS

THE WORLDTHE WORLD

PARENTSPARENTS

TIMETIME

ALLAH AHLIL-BAYTIHI

ASHAABIHIAL-QUR’ANAL-QUR’AN

AS-SUNNAHRelationship Relationship towards the towards the Prophet s.a.w. his Prophet s.a.w. his household & household & companions, andcompanions, andreciting al-Qur’anreciting al-Qur’an

HISTORYHISTORY *SeerahTashri’TabaqatIslamicS.E. AsiaThe World

RASULULLAH


WHAT ARE THESE AND HOW TO INCULCATE. ?WHAT ARE THESE AND HOW TO INCULCATE. ?



TO PROCEED FROM PREVIOUS LESSON ...


““Say [O Prophet]: "If you love Allah, follow me, [and] Allah will Say [O Prophet]: "If you love Allah, follow me, [and] Allah will

love you and forgive you your sins; for Allah is much-forgiving, a love you and forgive you your sins; for Allah is much-forgiving, a

dispenser of grace.”dispenser of grace.”

((Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 31Qur’an: Aali ‘Imran: 3: 31))


““O YOU who have attained to faith! Remain conscious O YOU who have attained to faith! Remain conscious

of Allah, and be among those who are true to their of Allah, and be among those who are true to their

word (word (SwodiqeenSwodiqeen)!”)!”

((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 119Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 119))


“With all this, it is not desirable that all of the believers

take the field [in time of war]. From within every group

in their midst, some shall refrain from going forth to

war, and shall devote themselves [instead] to acquiring

a deeper knowledge of the Faith (LIYA TAFAQ-QAHU-

FID-DEEN). and [thus be able to] teach their home-

coming brethren, so that these [too] might guard

themselves against evil.”

(Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 122)


““O YOU who have attained to faith! Do not put yourselves O YOU who have attained to faith! Do not put yourselves

forward in the presence of [what] Allah and His Messenger forward in the presence of [what] Allah and His Messenger

[may have ordained], but remain conscious of Allah: for, verily, [may have ordained], but remain conscious of Allah: for, verily,

Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing!”Allah is all-hearing, all-knowing!”

((Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 1))


This “This “AdabAdab” requires “” requires “TaqwaAllahTaqwaAllah” at all times; to be conscious ” at all times; to be conscious

that there are already injunctions, commandments, teachings, that there are already injunctions, commandments, teachings,

opinions, advices, etc. already in al-Islam – which we are here told opinions, advices, etc. already in al-Islam – which we are here told

by Allah s.w.t. “by Allah s.w.t. “not to be bold as to precede i.e. by placing ourselves not to be bold as to precede i.e. by placing ourselves

and our opinions before these.and our opinions before these.” Our states of mind (” Our states of mind (ahwalahwal) is ) is

always self-centred and are in fact attached to our desires. As always self-centred and are in fact attached to our desires. As

Prophet Prophet Yusuf ibn Ya’kub Yusuf ibn Ya’kub a.s. lamented:a.s. lamented:


This “This “AdabAdab” requires “” requires “TaqwaAllahTaqwaAllah” at all times; to be conscious ” at all times; to be conscious

that there are already injunctions, commandments, teachings, that there are already injunctions, commandments, teachings,

opinions, advices, etc. already in al-Islam – which we are here told opinions, advices, etc. already in al-Islam – which we are here told

by Allah s.w.t. “by Allah s.w.t. “not to be bold as to precede i.e. by placing ourselves not to be bold as to precede i.e. by placing ourselves

and our opinions before theseand our opinions before these.” Our states of mind (.” Our states of mind (ahwalahwal) is ) is

always self-centred and are in fact attached to our desires. As always self-centred and are in fact attached to our desires. As

Prophet Prophet Yusuf ibn Ya’kub Yusuf ibn Ya’kub a.s. lamented:a.s. lamented:

““And yet, I am not trying to absolve myself: for, verily, man's And yet, I am not trying to absolve myself: for, verily, man's

inner self does incite [him] to evil, and saved are only they inner self does incite [him] to evil, and saved are only they

upon whom my Sustainer bestows His grace. Behold, my upon whom my Sustainer bestows His grace. Behold, my

Sustainer is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace!“Sustainer is much forgiving, a dispenser of grace!“

((Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53Qur’an: Yusuf: 12: 53))


““Indeed, Allah confers blessing (salutations) upon the Indeed, Allah confers blessing (salutations) upon the

Prophet, and His angels salutes [him too and ask Allah to Prophet, and His angels salutes [him too and ask Allah to

bless him]. O you who have believed, salute him [also] and bless him]. O you who have believed, salute him [also] and

ask Allah to confer blessing upon him [worthy of his ask Allah to confer blessing upon him [worthy of his

station] and [to grant him] peace.”station] and [to grant him] peace.”

((Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 56Qur’an: Ahzab: 33: 56))

Consider again these verses:Consider again these verses:


““O you who have attained to faith! Enter (surrender, O you who have attained to faith! Enter (surrender,

submit) into Islam completely [and perfectly],”submit) into Islam completely [and perfectly],”

((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 208Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 208))

Consider again these verses:Consider again these verses:


Here, the meaning of “Here, the meaning of “yusallimu tasleemayusallimu tasleema” and “” and “udkhulu fee-silmi udkhulu fee-silmi

kaa-fakaa-fa” becomes profoundly significant (to me), indicating there are ” becomes profoundly significant (to me), indicating there are

yet a higher requirement for us to attain to. yet a higher requirement for us to attain to.

Thus it is obligatory for us to constantly seek Allah’s forgiveness for Thus it is obligatory for us to constantly seek Allah’s forgiveness for

our neglect. Many do not even realise this aspect of our our neglect. Many do not even realise this aspect of our

transgressing Allah’s and His Messenger’s rights daily. transgressing Allah’s and His Messenger’s rights daily.

Astaghfirullah!Astaghfirullah!


““"O our Sustainer! We have sinned against ourselves -and "O our Sustainer! We have sinned against ourselves -and

unless Thou grant us forgiveness and bestow Thy mercy unless Thou grant us forgiveness and bestow Thy mercy

upon us, we shall most certainly be lost!"upon us, we shall most certainly be lost!"

((Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 23Qur’an: A’raf: 7: 23))

Here, the meaning of “Here, the meaning of “yusallimu tasleemayusallimu tasleema” and “” and “udkhulu fee-silmi udkhulu fee-silmi

kaa-fakaa-fa” becomes profoundly significant (to me), indicating there are ” becomes profoundly significant (to me), indicating there are

yet a higher requirement for us to attain to. yet a higher requirement for us to attain to.

Thus it is obligatory for us to constantly seek Allah’s forgiveness for Thus it is obligatory for us to constantly seek Allah’s forgiveness for

our neglect. Many do not even realise this aspect of our our neglect. Many do not even realise this aspect of our

transgressing Allah’s and His Messenger’s rights daily. transgressing Allah’s and His Messenger’s rights daily.

Astaghfirullah!Astaghfirullah!


We should be humble, and must realise that we are in fact so We should be humble, and must realise that we are in fact so

utterly flawed (and are in fact ‘sinning’, i.e. being unjust to utterly flawed (and are in fact ‘sinning’, i.e. being unjust to

ourselves) for we are inadvertently breaching this ruling in life.ourselves) for we are inadvertently breaching this ruling in life.

How much and how often have we neglected to be vigilant on this How much and how often have we neglected to be vigilant on this

matter? Entertaining our bloated ego and self-importance? matter? Entertaining our bloated ego and self-importance?

Perhaps some may plead ‘ignorance’, but surely to yet then Perhaps some may plead ‘ignorance’, but surely to yet then

continue to remain ignorant, is also a sin, isn’t it? Had it not for continue to remain ignorant, is also a sin, isn’t it? Had it not for

Allah’s Mercy and forgiveness we would be utterly ruined. Allah’s Mercy and forgiveness we would be utterly ruined.


“ “ ... and neither does he (Muhammad) speak out of his ... and neither does he (Muhammad) speak out of his

own desire: that [which he conveys to you] is but [a own desire: that [which he conveys to you] is but [a

divine] inspiration with which he is being inspired –divine] inspiration with which he is being inspired –

something that a very mighty one has imparted to him:”something that a very mighty one has imparted to him:”

((Qur’an: Najm: 53: 3-5Qur’an: Najm: 53: 3-5))


““He it is who has sent unto the unlettered people an apostle from He it is who has sent unto the unlettered people an apostle from

among themselves, to convey unto them His messages, and to among themselves, to convey unto them His messages, and to

cause them to grow in purity, and to impart unto them the divine cause them to grow in purity, and to impart unto them the divine

writ as well as wisdom - whereas before that they were indeed, writ as well as wisdom - whereas before that they were indeed,

most obviously, lost in error”most obviously, lost in error”

((Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2Qur’an: Jumu’ah: 62: 2))All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)

“Hence, accept [willingly] whatever the Messenger gives you

[thereof], and refrain from [demanding] anything that he

withholds from you; and remain conscious of Allah: for, verily,

Allah is severe in retribution.”

(Qur’an: Hashr: 59: 7)


“And upon thee [too] have We bestowed from on high this

reminder, so that thou might make clear (LI-TUBAI-YIN) unto

mankind all that has ever been thus bestowed upon them, and

that they might take thought.”

(Qur’an: Nahlu: 16: 44)


““And I leave behind me for you all, for clarifying in your And I leave behind me for you all, for clarifying in your

affairs (of this religion), whosoever holdfast to them shall affairs (of this religion), whosoever holdfast to them shall

never be led astray – (these are) the never be led astray – (these are) the Book of Allah Book of Allah and and

the the SunnahSunnah (Way or tradition) of His Messenger.” (Way or tradition) of His Messenger.”

((From Sermon reported by Ibnu Hisham in his “Seerah”From Sermon reported by Ibnu Hisham in his “Seerah”))


““Verily, I am leaving behind me for you all, whosoever Verily, I am leaving behind me for you all, whosoever

clings to them shall never be astray after this till the clings to them shall never be astray after this till the

hereafter :-the Book of Allah - the rope stretched from hereafter :-the Book of Allah - the rope stretched from

heaven to the earth; heaven to the earth;

and my ‘and my ‘itrahitrah’ [progeny] from my Household – These two ’ [progeny] from my Household – These two

will never be separated from each other until they return will never be separated from each other until they return

upon the Pool (in Paradise). upon the Pool (in Paradise).

See that you do not differ from (the guidance of) these two See that you do not differ from (the guidance of) these two

after me.”after me.”

((Hadith reported by TirmidziHadith reported by Tirmidzi))


We must be very careful in not fabricating any lies, attributing or We must be very careful in not fabricating any lies, attributing or

repeating unverified reports containing lies of what seemed to repeating unverified reports containing lies of what seemed to

be be AhadithAhadith (perhaps in our ignorance), to our Prophet s.a.w. In (perhaps in our ignorance), to our Prophet s.a.w. In

one “one “mutawatir mutawatir ” Hadith he warns:” Hadith he warns:

““Whosoever (intentionally) fabricates a lie (in my name) Whosoever (intentionally) fabricates a lie (in my name) against me, let him seek his place (of abode) against me, let him seek his place (of abode) in the Fire (of Hell).”in the Fire (of Hell).”

((Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi, Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi, Abu Dawud, Ibnu Majah, Tirmidzi, Abu Hanifa, Abu Dawud, Ibnu Majah, Tirmidzi, Abu Hanifa, At-Thayalisi, at-Tabarani and al-HakimAt-Thayalisi, at-Tabarani and al-Hakim))


41

It contains two parts :It contains two parts :

((chainchain of narrators of the of narrators of the report)report)

(the (the contentcontent of the teaching from of the teaching from the Prophet [pbuh]) the Prophet [pbuh])

ISNADISNAD

MAMATNTN


42

Example of HadithExample of Hadith Imam Bukhary Imam Bukhary -reported -reported fromfrom MusaMusafromfrom Abu ‘AwanahAbu ‘Awanahfromfrom Abu HussainAbu Hussainfromfrom Abu Hurayrah Abu Hurayrah - who heard- who heard

Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :

ISN

AD

MATN


43

ISN

AD

MATN

Example of HadithExample of Hadith Imam Bukhary Imam Bukhary -reported -reported fromfrom MusaMusafromfrom Abu ‘AwanahAbu ‘Awanahfromfrom Abu HussainAbu Hussainfromfrom Abu Hurayrah Abu Hurayrah - who heard- who heard

Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :Prophet Muhammad [pbuh] said :

““Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me,

let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”


44

According to the number of “According to the number of “IsnadIsnad””

MUTAWWATIRMUTAWWATIR

a “a “SunnahSunnah” reported” reported by 4 or more chainsby 4 or more chains of narrators (of narrators (ISNADISNAD))


Al-BukharyMusaAbu ‘AwanahAbu HussainAbu Hurairah

MuslimAli al-HidirAli b MushirMuhammad b QaisAli b Rabi’ahAl-Mughirah

Ad-DarimiMuhammad b EsaHaitsam Abu ZubairJabir

Abu Dawud‘Amr b ‘AunMusaddadWabrah‘AmirAbdullah b ZubairAz-Zubair

Ibn MajahMuhamad b RamhAl-LaitsAbnu ShihabAnas

At-TirmidziAbu HishamAbu Bakr b Ayyasy‘AshimZirrIbnu Mas’ud

Ath-ThayalisiAbdur RahmanAbis-ZinadAmr b Sa’iedUthman

Abu Hanifah‘AthiyahAbi Sa’ied al-Khudri

Ath-ThabraniAbu IshaqIbrahimNubaith b Syarieth

Al-HakimAbul-Fadl b Al-HusainMuhamad b A WahabJa’afar b ‘AunAbu HayyanJazid b HayyanZaid b Arqam

THIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTICTHIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTIC


Al-BukharyMusaAbu ‘AwanahAbu HussainAbu Hurairah

MuslimAli al-HidirAli b MushirMuhammad b QaisAli b Rabi’ahAl-Mughirah

Ad-DarimiMuhammad b EsaHaitsam Abu ZubairJabir

Abu Dawud‘Amr b ‘AunMusaddadWabrah‘AmirAbdullah b ZubairAz-Zubair

Ibn MajahMuhamad b RamhAl-LaitsAbnu ShihabAnas

At-TirmidziAbu HishamAbu Bakr b Ayyasy‘AshimZirrIbnu Mas’ud

Ath-ThayalisiAbdur RahmanAbis-ZinadAmr b Sa’iedUthman

Abu Hanifah‘AthiyahAbi Sa’ied al-Khudri

Ath-ThabraniAbu IshaqIbrahimNubaith b Syarieth

Al-HakimAbul-Fadl b Al-HusainMuhamad b A WahabJa’afar b ‘AunAbu HayyanJazid b HayyanZaid b Arqam

THIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTICTHIS TYPE OF HADITH IS UNIVERSALY ACCEPTED AS MOST AUTHENTIC

““Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, Whosoever fabricates falsehood intentionally against me, let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”let him seek his abode in hell-fire.”


47


MUTAWWATIRMUTAWWATIR

a “a “SunnahSunnah” reported” reported by 4 or more chainsby 4 or more chains of narrators (of narrators (ISNADISNAD))

VERY RELIABLEVERY RELIABLE


48


MUTAWWATIRMUTAWWATIR AHADAHAD

a “a “SunnahSunnah” reported a “” reported a “SunnahSunnah” reported” reported by 4 or more chains by 3 or less chainsby 4 or more chains by 3 or less chains of narrators (of narrators (ISNADISNAD) of narrators () of narrators (ISNADISNAD))

RELIABILITY DEPENDS ON RELIABILITY DEPENDS ON STRENGTH OF CHAINSTRENGTH OF CHAIN VERY RELIABLEVERY RELIABLE


THE RATIONALE:

“THE STRENGTH OF A CHAIN IS AT THE WEAKEST LINK”

“Therefore if only one link (narrator) in a report is weak, the whole report is to be regarded as weak.”


THE RATIONALE:

“AN OBJECT MUST ALSO BE SUPPORTED BY AT LEAST ONE OTHER SEPARATE CHAIN TO BE REGARDED SAVE AND RELIABLE”

“Therefore a report which cannot be independently corroborated is ground for it being regarded as weak or unreliable.”


THE RATIONALE:

“A CHAIN MUST BE CONTINUOUSLY LINKED TO THE SOURCE OF WHICH IT IS SUPPOSED TO BE CONNECTED”

“Therefore a report which has gaps in the links (of narrators) is a reason for its rejection.”


52

Further categorization of “Further categorization of “AHADAHAD” hadith on ” hadith on the basis of number of Chains.the basis of number of Chains.

Mash-hurMash-hur AzizAziz GharibGharib

(well-known)(well-known) (strong)(strong) (rare) (rare)Narrated by wayNarrated by way

of 3 chainsof 3 chainsNarrated by wayNarrated by way

of 2 chainsof 2 chainsNarrated by wayNarrated by wayof a single chainsof a single chains

BASED ON ISNAD USUALLYBASED ON ISNAD USUALLYTHIS CATEGORY IS REJECTEDTHIS CATEGORY IS REJECTED

CAN BE CONSIDEREDCAN BE CONSIDEREDFOR FURTHERFOR FURTHER

CATERGORIZATIONCATERGORIZATION

CAN BE CONSIDEREDCAN BE CONSIDEREDFOR FURTHERFOR FURTHER

CATERGORIZATIONCATERGORIZATION


Al-‘ilm al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dilAl-‘ilm al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dil

(The knowledge of invalidating and (The knowledge of invalidating and declaring reliable of Hadith)declaring reliable of Hadith)


54

Checking upon the Checking upon the

“ “ISNADISNAD” (chain of narrators)” (chain of narrators)

Checking upon the Checking upon the

“ “MAMATNTN” (the text)” (the text)

Checking the integrity of Checking the integrity of

the “the “RAWIRAWI” (the narrators)” (the narrators)


55

Detailed account of every narrators (SAHABI, TABI’IN,

TABI’-TABI’IN), compiled and verified.

Their strength and weakness subjected to scrutiny

Grading them according grades of reliability (‘Adl, Tsiqa,

Saduq, Saduq yahim, Maqbul, Layyin)

Even those unreliable were identified (Majhul, Muttaham

bil-kadzib, Kadzaab)


56

Ahadith which are “Ahadith which are “MASH-HURMASH-HUR” or “” or “AZIZAZIZ “ “

MaqbulMaqbul (Accepted)(Accepted)

ShahihShahih HassanHassan Authentic GoodAuthentic Good

Dho’ifDho’if Maudhu’Maudhu’WeakWeak FabricationFabrication

MardudMardud( Rejected )( Rejected )


57

Due to defects of the narrator.

Due to discontinuity in the chain.

Due to incidental reasons.


58

Continuity of the chain

Integrity of the transmitter (narrator)

Soundness of narrator’s memory

Conformity to stronger sources

Absence of hidden defects


60

Not contrary to Qur’an & authentic Ahadith

Not illogical, against common law

Not out of proportion

Not containing too much detail on prophecy

Not contrary to the position of the Prophet (pbuh)

Personal praise or condemnation of any Companions, tribes

or places is suspect.


61

As-As-SSaahhiihh - - Imam Bukhary Imam Bukhary

Al-Musnad as-Al-Musnad as-SSaahhiihh - Imam Muslim- Imam Muslim

SunanSunan - - Imam Abu Dawud Imam Abu Dawud

Sunan al-Mujtaba Sunan al-Mujtaba -- Imam An-Nasa-’i Imam An-Nasa-’i

SunanSunan - - Imam At-Tirmidzi Imam At-Tirmidzi

Sunan Sunan -- Imam Ibnu Majah Imam Ibnu Majah

THESE WERE COMPILED AFTER IMAM ASH-SHAFI’IE PERIODTHESE WERE COMPILED AFTER IMAM ASH-SHAFI’IE PERIOD


62

AL-MUWATHA’AL-MUWATHA’ - - Imam Malik ibn AnasImam Malik ibn Anas

AL-MUSNADAL-MUSNAD - Imam Abu Hanifa - Imam Abu Hanifa

AL-MUSNADAL-MUSNAD - Imam As-Shafi’-ie - Imam As-Shafi’-ie

AL-MUSNADAL-MUSNAD - - Imam Ahmad ibn HanbalImam Ahmad ibn Hanbal

AL-MUSNADAL-MUSNAD - - Imam At-TabraniyImam At-Tabraniy

AL-MUSNADAL-MUSNAD - - Imam Al-HakimImam Al-Hakim

AS-SUNANAS-SUNAN - - Imam BaihaqyImam Baihaqy

AS-SUNAN AS-SUNAN -- Imam Ad-Darimy …. Etc.Imam Ad-Darimy …. Etc.


PREVIOUS INTERMEDIATE MODULEPREVIOUS INTERMEDIATE MODULE

WHOSE UNDERSTANDING ?

WHOSE UNDERSTANDING ?

““INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQH FIQH ””

Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsAdults

conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

Extracted from:

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

THIS LIST IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE, ONLY BASED THIS LIST IS NOT EXHAUSTIVE, ONLY BASED ON MY VERY LIMITED EXPOSURE AND STUDYON MY VERY LIMITED EXPOSURE AND STUDY

TEXT AND MANUAL ARE MERELY INFORMATION


Traditionally in this kind of session using Traditionally in this kind of session using AhadithAhadith manual, the manual, the

teacher must be a teacher must be a FAQIHFAQIH, because religious ruling is not merely , because religious ruling is not merely

based upon based upon AhadithAhadith alone. alone.

Muhadith preserves the Ahadith of Prophet s.a.a.w, whereas

a Faqih is the one who extracts the rules of Deen of Allah SWT

from Qur’an, Ahadith and other principles (of Fiqh).

Thus, in practice, the FAQIH ought to be followed. Students must

refrain from passing ruling from mere reading of these Hadith,

without referring also to one who is a FAQIH.


This is because a FAQIH (jurist) possess a basic understanding of

the various sciences of Hadith as well gathers abstracts of

common meanings from them; the ability to explain the apparent

contradictions that are found in the Ahadith and untie their knots;

also deep understanding of the Qur’an and its Tafsir and related

sciences, well versed in the various sciences of the Arabic

language as well as possesses the knowledge of the statements of

the Sahabah r.a., with comprehensive understanding of the

principles of analogy (Qiyas).


It is for this reason that Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah rhm.a. an

illustrious scholar of Hadith, used to say:

“(Muslim’s) submitting to the Fuqaha (expert opinions),

is safety in (his following) the Deen (religion of Islam)”.


He, Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah rhm.a. also used to say:

“The Hadith can lead (ignorant people) astray except

(when explained by) the FUQAHA (jurists)”.


A man came to the famous (Muhaddith), Zuhair ibn Mu’awiyah

(to learn). He asked him: “Where do you come from?” (i.e. where

were you learning previously). The man replied: “from Abu

Hanifah (Faqih)”.

Imam Zuhair remarked:“Your going to Abu Hanifah for one day is

more beneficial for you than staying with me for one month”.


Imam A’mash rhm.Imam A’mash rhm. when meeting with when meeting with Imam Abu Hanifah Imam Abu Hanifah r.a. r.a.

was astonished at his response and comment to one Hadith was astonished at his response and comment to one Hadith

which he just conveyed to which he just conveyed to Imam Abu HImam Abu Hanifah till he exclaimed: anifah till he exclaimed:

“ “Enough! You wish to narrate to me in one moment what I Enough! You wish to narrate to me in one moment what I

narrated to you in 100 days. I was not aware that you have narrated to you in 100 days. I was not aware that you have

practical application to all these Ahadith. practical application to all these Ahadith.

(Then he said:)(Then he said:)


Imam A’mash rhm.Imam A’mash rhm. when meeting with when meeting with Imam Abu Hanifah Imam Abu Hanifah r.a. r.a.

was astonished at his response and comment to one Hadith was astonished at his response and comment to one Hadith

which he just conveyed to which he just conveyed to Imam Abu HImam Abu Hanifah till he exclaimed:anifah till he exclaimed:

“ “O O Fuqaha Fuqaha (jurists)! You are the physicians (doctors )and (jurists)! You are the physicians (doctors )and

we (we (MuhaddithinMuhaddithin – scholars of Hadith) are (only) – scholars of Hadith) are (only)

the dispensers (pharmacists).” the dispensers (pharmacists).”


Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah ibn Al-Hakam was asked:

“Who is a Faqih? “

He replied: “That person who extracts one principle from

the Qur’an or As-Sunnah in which he was not preceded by anyone,

then divides that principle into one hundred branches”.

The person asked: Who is it that has such ability?

In reply he said: “Muhammad ibn Idris Ash-Shafi-’ie (r.a.)”.


Those reading-circle using Those reading-circle using AhadithAhadith manual in our community manual in our community

following the following the SHAFI’IESHAFI’IE school, actually has the purpose to revise school, actually has the purpose to revise

(and even memorising) the (and even memorising) the HadithHadith, as well as gaining blessings , as well as gaining blessings

especially when the manual is read by those possessing especially when the manual is read by those possessing ISNADISNAD link. link.

It is thus primarily meant for one to improve one’s knowledge of It is thus primarily meant for one to improve one’s knowledge of

HadithHadith, not necessarily , not necessarily FIQHFIQH, because Imam Ash-Shafi-’ie , because Imam Ash-Shafi-’ie

prioritized the knowledge of prioritized the knowledge of HadithHadith over the dominance of over the dominance of Ra-’iyRa-’iy

(juristic reasoning) in equipping our scholars of (juristic reasoning) in equipping our scholars of FIQHFIQH. But as to the . But as to the

learning learning FIQHFIQH itself, one must require a qualified teacher of itself, one must require a qualified teacher of FIQHFIQH..


This clarification is to dispel the notion – especially to those who are This clarification is to dispel the notion – especially to those who are

new, merely learning and quoting a new, merely learning and quoting a HadithHadith itself (although one of itself (although one of

prerequisite), this is not sufficient for pronouncing a prerequisite), this is not sufficient for pronouncing a FIQHFIQH ruling. ruling.

Scholars specializing only in Hadith (Scholars specializing only in Hadith (MUHADDITHMUHADDITH) must comply with ) must comply with

the the ADABADAB of not usurping the place of those who are the of not usurping the place of those who are the FAQIHFAQIH..

It is most unfortunate that some It is most unfortunate that some Hadith Hadith manuals compiled by people manuals compiled by people

like Imam An-Nawawi, is being ‘used’ to incite people to become like Imam An-Nawawi, is being ‘used’ to incite people to become

‘‘non-Madzhabi non-Madzhabi ’ while Imam An-Nawawi himself followed a ’ while Imam An-Nawawi himself followed a

Madzhab and even has a manual on Madzhab and even has a manual on FIQHFIQH of the of the SHAFI’IE MADZHABSHAFI’IE MADZHAB..


In his Manaqib al-Imam al-Shafi'i, Imam Taqiuddin al-Subki

mentions from al-Bayhaqi, a narration from al-Imam al-Shafi'i, that

he said:

"That which is innovated in the religion are

of two types:

The first, that which is innovated and contradicts the Book

or the Sunnah, or a narration or consensus and

this is the innovation of misguidance .


And the second, that which is innovated “ “ from that

which is regarded as good, and does not differ from these, then this

innovation “ “ is not reprehensible “ “.

Umar ibn al-Khattab, radiya'Allahu anhu, said of the standing [in

prayer] in the month of Ramadan [i.e. Tarawih] :

"A good innovation, this is “ “ meaning, though it

was innovated “ “ (without prior existence), yet there was

nothing (about it that is) contradicting that which came before/the

aforementioned “ "


So we see clearly that al-Imam al-Shafi'i mentions that the innovation

of misguidance [al-bid'atu al-Dalalah] as mentioned in the Hadith

only refers to that which contradicts the Book and the Sunnah, or a

narration, or Ijma'. *

In this instance the Prophet s.a.a.w. chose to call the innovations in

general terms as “ “ and not “ .“ So should one

dislike the term "good bid'ah" [bid'ah hasanah], arguing that all

bid'ah is misguidance by definition, then it may simply be argued that

this is not “ “ but “ “, and therefore does not fall

under that umbrella of “ “.

* Not due to absence of examples, but because of it opposing the accepted teachings.All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013))

““Those who shall follow the [last] Messenger, the unlettered Those who shall follow the [last] Messenger, the unlettered

Prophet whom they shall find described in the Torah that is with Prophet whom they shall find described in the Torah that is with

them, and [later on] in the Gospel: [the Prophet] who will enjoin them, and [later on] in the Gospel: [the Prophet] who will enjoin

upon them the doing of what is right and forbid them the doing of upon them the doing of what is right and forbid them the doing of

what is wrong, and make lawful to them the good things of life what is wrong, and make lawful to them the good things of life

and forbid them the bad things, and lift from them their burdens and forbid them the bad things, and lift from them their burdens

and the shackles that were upon them [aforetime]. Those, and the shackles that were upon them [aforetime]. Those,

therefore, who shall believe in him, and honour him, and succour therefore, who shall believe in him, and honour him, and succour

him, and follow the light that has been bestowed from on high him, and follow the light that has been bestowed from on high

through him-it is they that shall attain to a happy state.“through him-it is they that shall attain to a happy state.“

((Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 157Qur’an: A’-raf: 7: 157))


What is our aim in life?What is our aim in life?

If we say we love the Prophet s.a.w. wouldn’t we regard his cause If we say we love the Prophet s.a.w. wouldn’t we regard his cause

to be most the cherished and dearest to us. The to be most the cherished and dearest to us. The ShahabahShahabah

(companions of the Prophet s.a.w.) often would respond to the (companions of the Prophet s.a.w.) often would respond to the

Prophet s.a.w. with a phrase “Prophet s.a.w. with a phrase “May my parents (i.e. I would rather May my parents (i.e. I would rather

that they) be sacrificed in your place, O Messenger of Allahthat they) be sacrificed in your place, O Messenger of Allah!”!”

Many of us may have forgotten our primary purpose in life. Many of us may have forgotten our primary purpose in life.

Frankly, when we pose the question: “Frankly, when we pose the question: “what is your ambition, your what is your ambition, your

primary goal; the motivation; your most important ‘calling’ in primary goal; the motivation; your most important ‘calling’ in

life?”, life?”, what would be the response?what would be the response?


Our life’s goal; our systems of value; likes and dislikes; our Our life’s goal; our systems of value; likes and dislikes; our

potentials and gifts, be they physical, material, intellectual, potentials and gifts, be they physical, material, intellectual,

political and spiritual etc. are they orientated and being channelled political and spiritual etc. are they orientated and being channelled

towards living up to our claim of being the helpers of Allah and His towards living up to our claim of being the helpers of Allah and His

Messenger s.a.w.?Messenger s.a.w.?

Allah teaches and commands us:Allah teaches and commands us:


Our life’s goal; our systems of value; likes and dislikes; our Our life’s goal; our systems of value; likes and dislikes; our

potentials and gifts, be they physical, material, intellectual, potentials and gifts, be they physical, material, intellectual,

political and spiritual etc. are they orientated and being channelled political and spiritual etc. are they orientated and being channelled

towards living up to our claim of being the helpers of Allah and His towards living up to our claim of being the helpers of Allah and His

Messenger s.a.w.?Messenger s.a.w.?

Allah teaches and commands us:Allah teaches and commands us:

““O YOU who have attained to faith! Be helpers [in the cause of O YOU who have attained to faith! Be helpers [in the cause of

Allah - even as Jesus, the son of Mary, said unto the white-garbed Allah - even as Jesus, the son of Mary, said unto the white-garbed

ones, "Who will be my helpers in Allah's cause?" - whereupon the ones, "Who will be my helpers in Allah's cause?" - whereupon the

white-garbed [disciples] replied, "We shall be [thy] helpers [in the white-garbed [disciples] replied, "We shall be [thy] helpers [in the

cause] of Allah!" cause] of Allah!"

((Qur’an: Saff: 61: 14Qur’an: Saff: 61: 14))


THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUE SUCCESSFUL MUSLIMSTHE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRUE SUCCESSFUL MUSLIMS

““enjoin the doing of what is right and forbid the doing of what is enjoin the doing of what is right and forbid the doing of what is

wrong”; wrong”;

““make lawful the good things of life and forbid them the bad things”;make lawful the good things of life and forbid them the bad things”;

““lift burdens and the shackles that were upon them [aforetime]”;lift burdens and the shackles that were upon them [aforetime]”;

““who believe in him, and honour him, and succour (help) him, and who believe in him, and honour him, and succour (help) him, and

follow the light that has been bestowed from on high through him.”follow the light that has been bestowed from on high through him.”

WaAllaahu a’-lam


"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have "Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have

forgotten or erred. forgotten or erred.

Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which

You laid upon those before us. You laid upon those before us.

Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no

ability to bear. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have ability to bear. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have

mercy upon us. You are our protector, so give us victory mercy upon us. You are our protector, so give us victory

over the disbelieving people."over the disbelieving people."


“O Allah, make my speech be guidance, inspire me with

reverential fear, give me success in that which is most

pure, and employ me in what is most pleasing to Thee!

O Allah, let me tread the most exemplary path and make

me live and die in Thy creed!

O Allah, bless Muhammad and his Household, give me to

enjoy moderation, make me into one of the people of

right behaviour, the proofs of right conduct, and the

servants of righteousness,"


O Allah! Make faith (O Allah! Make faith (iimaniiman) dear to us and beautify it in our hearts ) dear to us and beautify it in our hearts

and make disbelief (and make disbelief (KufrKufr), sinning (), sinning (FusuqFusuq) and rebelliousness () and rebelliousness (`isyan`isyan) )

hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided (hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided (Raa-shi-duunRaa-shi-duun).).


O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims

and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones, and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones,

without tasting humiliation or turmoil.without tasting humiliation or turmoil.


‘‘And (may AllAnd (may Allaah send) salutations and prayers upon Muh send) salutations and prayers upon Muhhammad ammad

and upon the household and companions of Muand upon the household and companions of Muhhammad ammad

(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).


““Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power!

(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! (He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!

And Peace on the Messengers! And Peace on the Messengers!

And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.” And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”


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All welcome to visit my web-blog:All welcome to visit my web-blog:

94All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)

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