A12 SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 2014 u u u RICHMOND TIMES-DISPATCH

Slave traders in Richmond

People identified as slave traders in Richmond based on city directory listings, insurance records and other references from1819 to 1864. Elizabeth Kambourian will add names to this list as research continues.

Name Additional information Business SiteAbrahams, W. Slave trader North side of Clay between 17th & 18th Sts.Alvis, Robert Trader West side 18th between Broad & MarshallApperson, George W. Trader & private jail Birch AlleyBallard, John P. Hector Davis, agent Slave trader North side of E. Franklin between 13th & 14th

StreetsBetts & Omohundro H. Edmonson, trader; Silas

OmohundroTraders Southwest corner Broad & 17th, and Alley west

of Wall between Main & FranklinBlackburn, E.W. Negro trader Office & Jail: Birch AlleyCook, E.B. Auctioneer &

Commission Merchant70 Main St.

Dabney & Cauthorn R. Dabney Auctioneer,Com. & Fwd’g Merchant

Auctioneer 15th between Main and Cary Sts. just north ofCreek Alley

Davis, Hector see Pulliam & Davis 1852 Auctioneer Franklin between Mayo & 15th Sts.Davis, John B. Negro trader Wall St. between Franklin & Broad Sts.Davis, Benj. & Solomon Auctioneers 1852 Negro trader Locust Alley between Main & FranklinDeupree (or Dupree), William Negro trader Mayo St. between Franklin & BroadDickinson, R.H. & Bro.; also Dickinson,Hill & Co., C.B. & N.B. Hill and Dickin-son, Hill & Co.

Auctioneer, slave sales andhiring, slave jail

Northwest corner Franklin & 15th

Eacho, Edward D. Agent General Agent & Collector 14th near Exchange Hotel, or Pearl St.Faundron, R. Negro trader Corner 17th & BroadGalt’s Tavern, later City Tavern Site of auctions NW corner 19th and MainGoddin & Apperson Auctioneers Corner of Bank & 11th streetsGoodwin & Templeman, formerly R.C.Ballard

Wm. B. Goodwin, Henry N.Templeman

Slave jail On Valley St. (17th) adj. to Seabrook’s Ware-house(between Grace & Broad)

Gouldin, William General Agent & Collector General Agent & Collector Westside Governor or 13th St. between Franklin& Main

Grady, S. Cary Street Jail aka Grady’s Jail Negro sales Corner 15th & Cary, also 17th & CaryHill, Dickinson & Co. See C.B. & N.B. Hill Auctioneers Corner of Franklin & Wall (15th)Johnston, Thomas Trader Alley near Exchange Hotel, Southeast corner

14th & MainJones & Slater Slave jail Negro trader Locust Alley between Exchange Place & FranklinLee, N.M. also Lee & Bowman’s Jail Slave jail, auction rooms Negro trader, hiring Franklin St. between Mayo & 15th (Wall)Levy, Ash Negro trader Locust Alley between Exchange Place & FranklinLumpkin, Robert Negro trader; private jail Wall between Franklin & Broad (Birch Alley)Martin, William Negro trader West side of 17th between Broad & MarshallMatthews, Edward Negro trader East side of 17th between Broad & MarshallMcDaniel & Blackburn Negro traders Wall, between Franklin & BroadMcMurray, Charles Negro trader 17th and BroadMurphy, William Trader Corner of Clay & 18thMyers, Solomon See Bacon Tait Salesman with B. Tait Corner Cary & 15thNott, Alex’r & Co. James Nott Shine, auctioneer Auctioneer &

Commission MerchantSouthwest corner of Main & 15th Sts.

Omenhiser, John Negro trader Wall & Locust AlleyOmohundro, O. Negro trader Alley near Wall St.Otis, Dunlop & Co. Auctioneers North side of Main between 14th & 15th Sts.,

ninth from 14thPeck, Lay & Co. Auctioneers Main & 19th opposite Union HotelPrice, Dabney Trader East side of 17th between Broad & MarshallPulliam & Betts See Pulliam & Davis Auctioneer Franklin between Mayo & WallPulliam & Co. Auctioneer Odd Fellows Hall, Franklin St.Pulliam & Davis David M. Pulliam & Hector

DavisAuctioneers &Commission Merchants

West side of Wall near Franklin

Pulliam, Peter Trader West side Locust Alley between Main & FranklinReese, Samuel 1859 & 60: Franklin between

15th & BroadNegro trader East side of 17th between Grace & Broad

Slater, Leonard T. Trader East side of 17th between Broad & MarshallSmith, A. Negro trader Corner 18th & BroadSmith & Edmondson Negro traderTait, Bacon J.J. Dornin, auctioneer Private jail Southeast corner Cary & 15thTaylor, James M. & Son Jas. E. Goddin, auctioneer Slave broker Corner of 11th and Bank St.Templeman, H.N. Negro trader Locust Alley between Main & FranklinThe Cage Northwest corner 17th and MainToler, John J. Trader West side of Central Railroad between Clay &

Leigh St.Trent, Peterfield (Dr.) Physician Negro broker & sales Southeast corner Marshall and 7th Sts.Tucker, Fleming Trader Northwest corner of Clay & 18thWortham, C.T. & Co. Charles T. Wortham Forwarding and

Commission Merchant,Auctioneer

15th between Main & Cary

Warehouse dock between 26th & 27th

Wortham, William General Agent & Collector Governor St. between Main & FranklinWyatt, William Clerk with J.J. Dornin, see

Bacon TaitMain between 15th & 17th

Compiled by Elizabeth Kambourian. Sources include: Richmond City Directory listings from 1852 to 1864, ads in the RichmondDaily Dispatch and Richmond Whig newspapers, Mutual Assurance Society records, “Richmond in Bygone Days” by SamuelMordecai, and “Old Richmond Neighborhoods” by Mary Wingfield Scott.

S P E C I A L R E P O R T : R I C H M O N D ’ S S L A V E T R A D E

York, Northup wrote that he sawthe “pen” where he had beenheld here.

By that time, Goodwin was inbusiness at the northwest cornerof Broad and Union (16th)streets, based on his listing inthe 1850-51 city directory, McIn-nis said. Goodwin no longer hada listing in the 1856 directory.

The fluid nature of the slavetrade makes it difficult to pindown what was where andwhen, said McInnis, an art histo-ry professor and vice provost for

academic affairs at the Universi-ty of Virginia.

“They moved around so muchand reformulated partnerships,and that makes it really tough,”she said.

“It’s not going to be the easi-est thing to know when (Good-win) was where. … Ambiguitywill always surround this.”

One certainty is that slavesales were a pervasive part ofRichmond life from the begin-ning. The Virginia Gazette ad-vertised the sale of 100 slaves inthe town of Richmond on Dec. 5,1768.

When the import of slaves wasbanned in 1808, the sale ofAmerican-born slaves became abig business in Virginia, at firstin Alexandria and then shiftingin the 1840s and 1850s to Rich-mond.

Understanding the full story ofthe slave trade in Richmond willrequire “spending a significantamount of money to do the workthat needs to be done,” McInnissaid. “It’s a long period of time.There are multiple documentsources. And even with that,you’ll never know everything.

“I think it is very important for

the city of Richmond, in theconversations that are ongoingnow, to get as accurate an an-swer to this question as they can,understanding that as years goby and more things turn up,we’ll continue to learn morethings, and we’re unlikely everto be certain of every detail.

“It is worth it to get it as rightas we can.”

kcalos@timesdispatch.com(804) 649-6433gmoomaw@timesdispatch.com(804) 649-6839Twitter: @gmoomaw

From Page A11

DEAN HOFFMEYER/TIMES-DISPATCH

A current picture overlooking downtown Richmond from the east is an approximate match of an 1865 photo credited to Mathew Brady.

HAVANA — When Presi-dent Barack Obama rein-stated “people-to-people”travel to Cuba in 2011, theidea was that visitingAmericans would act ascultural ambassadors for aU.S. constantly demonizedin the island’s official me-dia.

Two-and-a-half yearslater, a survey suggests thetrips not only are improv-ing Cubans’ views ofAmericans but also chang-ing U.S. travelers’ opinionsof the Caribbean nationfor the better, and dim-ming their view of Wash-ington policies that havesought to pressure Cuba’scommunist leaders.

“I think U.S.-Cuban re-lations should be open.People should be talkingto each other,” said EllenLandsberger, 62, a NewYork obstetrician who re-cently visited on a people-to-people tour.

There’s surely signifi-cant self-selection amongpeople-to-people travel-ers; supporters of a hard-line policy against Cubaare unlikely to considersuch a tour.

Still, the results of themultiple-choice survey byFriendly Planet Travel, acompany based in sub-urban Philadelphia thatpromotes legal tours ofCuba, are eye-catching.Three-quarters said theywere drawn by curiosityabout life in a nation thathas been off-limits to mostAmericans for decades.

Before travel, the mostprevalent view of RaulCastro’s government was“a repressive communistregime that stifles individ-uality and creativity,” 48percent of respondentssaid. That fell to 19 percentafter their visits, and thenew, most popular view,held by 30 percent of re-spondents, became theslightly more charitable “afailing government that isdestined to fall.”

Most striking, 88 per-cent said the experiencemade them more likelythan before to supportending the embargoagainst Cuba.

Peggy Goldman, presi-dent of Friendly PlanetTravel, acknowledged thather informal poll, whichsurveyed 423 Americanswho visited Cuba in De-cember, was not scientific.But others in the industrytell a similar story.

“Some people go backand say they want to writeletters to their senators,”said Jeff Philippe, who hastaken 34 groups to theisland in just over a yearfor Insight Cuba, whichdoes people-to-peopletours for Americans.

That could provide am-munition to the harshestopponents of people-to-people travel, who haveargued from the beginningthat the tours, partially or-ganized in concert withCuban state-run entities,let the communist govern-ment put its best face for-ward and hide its warts.

“It’s hard to imagineanyone being exposed toCuba’s reality and walkingaway with a more favor-able view of the Castroregime,” said Sen. MarcoRubio, R-Fla., a Cuban-American. In general, thetours tend not to includemuch contact with Cubandissidents.

Tour operators insistany talk of Potemkin vil-lages is wrong. They arguethey are supporting localorganic farmers, perform-ers, artists, musicians andentrepreneurs who runprivate restaurants.

Estimates of how manyAmericans travel to Cubalegally on cultural ex-changes range from 70,000to 100,000 a year.

Tripsto Cuba

changingopinions

Study: Americans’views of the nationimprove after visits

The Associated Press