Slave laws in the caribbean
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Transcript of Slave laws in the caribbean
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SLAVE LAWS IN THE CARIBBEAN
Presented By:Rashad AndrewinOctober 2nd, 2012
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Summary of Topics
The Institution of Slavery in Caribbean
The British Slave Laws The French Slave Laws The Spanish Slave Laws
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THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY IN THE CARIBBEAN Slavery is a relationship in which two
people are involved and is of an exploitive nature
It is not new to the Americas but it is most distinguishable during the colonial period in the Americas with the rise of African Slavery
European objective: Gold, God, Glory (3G’s)
Europeans came looking for mineral wealth but eventually turned to agriculture , mainly sugar
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CONT.
Amerindians were inadequate for forced labour due to many factors working against them
New labourers were need to which the Africans fit the criteria
This lead to the formation of the Atlantic Slave Trade or the Triangular Trade that would result in the displacement of many ethnic groups from Africa to mingle in the Americas and form different races now existent
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THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
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BRITISH COLONIAL EMPIRE
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BRITISH COLONIAL OCCUPATION The British West Indies was organized
to produce wealth Europeans preserved their culture and
dominated all aspects of life By 1830 most blacks had no memory of
Africa and the traditions began to fail INFORMALITY WAS THE RULE The British West Indies couldn’t
develop a profound local identity
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Cont.
The Caribbean colonies were small, isolated and weak
Schemes to increase white population constantly failed and led to a mostly black population
The West Indies did not have grandeur buildings to compare with other colonies in the New World
Public facilities were limited to the bare minimum
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Cont.
Overland communication were deplorable, many roads were impassable
Intellectual life wasn’t esteemed for agriculture took up the time so there wasn’t accommodation for superior mental facilities
Reading was mostly restricted to the local news focused mainly on commercial topics
The cost of basic necessities were twice of what they were in England
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Cont.
Slave Society was stratified in terms of occupation and origins
African were divided along lines of ethnic groups
Domestic servants and artisans formed a slave elite and were different from field slaves
The tasks of domestic slaves were light and while field slaves performed the hard relentless labour of cane cultivation
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Cont.
In the West Indies social, religious and educational matters were subjugated for economic needs
There was no equality between master and slave in the British West Indies but a mutual modus operandi
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BRITISH SLAVE LAWS
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BRITISH SLAVE LAWS
Barbados, Antigua and Martinique were the first important slave societies of the Caribbean
By the mid 18th Century Jamaica had become the largest and most brutal slave society in the British West Indies
Slaves were supervised under demanding masters who gave them little medical care and so contracted many diseases
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CONT.
Slave laws in the British empire developed slowly over centuries characterized by indecision and varying rationales on the treatment of slaves
Until 1807 there was no legislative intervention in relation to slavery therefore the common law was freely developed
The English had laws giving equality and fair treatment to its citizens as far back as the Magna Carta in 1215
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CONT.
Ownership of slaves was legitimate on the grounds that they were infidels being not Christian and “uncivilized”
Slavery itself was illegal in England and so as soon as slaves entered the country they were free
By 1700 there was no extensive use of slave labour in England as in the colonies
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BARBADOS SLAVE CODE
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Cont.
The Code was established in 1661 to provide legal basis for slavery in Barbados
Code’s preamble: “to protect slaves as we do men’s other Goods and Chattels “
It sought to protect slaves ostensibly from cruel masters and vice versa
However it provided far more extensive protection for masters
Law required masters to provide slaves with one set of clothing per year
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Cont.
It didn’t however set standards for the slave’s diet, housing or working conditions
Also denied basic rights such as right to life, allowing slave masters to do whatever they pleased to the slave
This slave code also served as the basis for slave codes in Jamaica (1664) and Antigua (1702)
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FRENCH COLONIAL EMPIRE
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CODE NOIR
Was a decree originally passed by King Louis XIV in 1685
Defined conditions of slavery in the French colonial empire
The document is said to contain 60 different articles governing French Colonial life.
It asserted French sovereignty and secured the future of the sugar industry
Was largely influenced by religious morals by the arrival of Catholic leaders in Martinique
Was applied to the West Indies in 1687 and in Canadian New France
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CODE NOIR
Comprise of two main section, the disability and the beneficent section
All laws were to keep slaves in their rightful place, to squelch uprisings and rebellions and to make slave completely dependent on the master
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IMPORTANT ARTICLES IN CODE NOIR Jews could not reside in the French colonies slaves must be baptized in the
Roman Catholic Church children born between married slaves were
also slaves, belonging to the female slave's master
slaves must not carry weapons except under permission of their masters for hunting purposes
slaves belonging to different masters must not gather at any time under any circumstance
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Cont.
slaves should not sell sugar cane, even with permission of their masters
masters must give food (quantities specified) and clothes to their slaves, even to those who were sick or old
free blacks who harbour fugitive slaves would be beaten by the slave owner and fined 300 pounds of sugar per day of refuge given
masters may chain and beat slaves but may not torture nor mutilate them
slave husband and wife (and their prepubescent children) under the same master were not to be sold separately
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SPANISH COLONIAL EMPIRE
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SPANISH COLONIAL EMPIRE
Slavery in the Spanish colonies began with settlers enslaving local indigenous people
They used slavery and production quotas to force labour to bring return on colonial investments
Slavery production quotas= ENCOMIENDA, REPARTIMIENTO, REDUCCIONES
During the first decades slavery caused the deaths of thousands of indigenous people
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CONT.
After pressure from clerical influences mandated the protection of the native people, enslavement of the population began to dissolve
Moves to protect Amerindians: LAWS OF BURGOS, THE NEW LAWS, THE LAWS OF THE INDIES
After the freeing of indigenous populations the Spanish began importing African slaves, buying them off the British and Dutch traders
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CONT.
Mainland slavery in the Spanish colonies ended in the 18th century but not in Cuba and Puerto Rico where sugar was still highly profitable
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LAS SIETE PARTIDAS
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LAS SIETE PARTIDAS
Was a Castilian statutory code which established a body of normative rules for the kingdom
Originally called Libro de los Leyes not until 14th century was called Siete Partidas
Its influence extended to the Latin American colonies
Has been described as humanist encyclopaedia, containing philosophical, moral and theological topics including view points of the Abraham religions
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CONT.
The Fourth Partida contains the information on slavery The fourth partida consists of 27 articles comprising 256 laws.
Its subject is family law, as well as other permanent relationships between people, other than matrimony and biological kinship.It deals with engagement (4,1,2); matrimony (4,2,1) and the capacity, form, and validity of the canon law to which it is subject; divorce (which does not refer to the dissolution of the matrimonial bond, but rather with separation or the cessation of cohabitation); legitimate and illegitimate patrimony (4,14,1); parens patriae (the rights of the state to intervene in the interests of minor children); slavery (4,23,8), described as the "vilest thing in this world" after sin itself; the civil status of persons (free and slave; noble and commoner; clergy and laity; legitimate and illegitimate; Christian, Moor, and Jew; male and female); serfdom and fiefs; and the bonds of friendship.
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slavery (4,23,8), is described as the "vilest thing in this world" after sin itself