Skills and Techniques- BadmintonSkills and Techniques- Badminton

KC 3- The development of skill and the KC 3- The development of skill and the refinement of techniquerefinement of technique

Stages of Learning and Methods of PracticeStages of Learning and Methods of Practice

Stages of LearningStages of Learning

There are 3 important stages when learning and There are 3 important stages when learning and developing skills:developing skills:

Preparation stage Preparation stage (Cognitive)(Cognitive)

Practice stage Practice stage (Associative)(Associative)

Automatic stageAutomatic stage (Autonomous)(Autonomous)

Preparation StagePreparation Stage Mental picture of the skill is required as actions/techniques not

learned yet Actions reduced to simple movements with limited sub-routines and

limited movement (break the skill down) Very little in the way of pressure or decision making which will be

too much for the performer at this stage Actions towards the closed skill end of skill classification with

performer repeating the same action. Practices are simple with shadow, self-feed, simple repetition being

the main forms of practice Many mistakes will be made, therefore, regular feedback is vital in

establishing the correct technique (Be +ve) If the result is correct, repeat the action. If the result is inaccurate or

an error, change the action.

Practice StagePractice Stage Action slightly more established although mistakes can still be made Action is more fluent and rhythmical Accuracy and consistency is greater although improvement in these

areas is still required More sub-routines and movements are added More difficult repetition practices, combination practices and

conditioned games can be used Other shots, either shadow or actual, are added to increase the

game like conditions More pressure can be added in the form of smaller target areas,

greater targets to achieve (e.g. 7 out of 10) Feedback is still given but it can be towards the end of the practice

drill Performance can now be compared to a ‘model’ performance to

highlight specific strengths and weaknesses

Automatic StageAutomatic Stage The action is now established and can be performed without

thinking how to do it Focus is now on where, when and what action to do Focus is now on the decision making and playing under pressure All external factors from a game situation are now part of practice

and play Performer is now more able to concentrate on tactics Practices are now more game like (pressure) or are conditioned

games

What methods of practice should be used at each What methods of practice should be used at each stage of learning?stage of learning?

PreparationPreparation Shadow/simple repetition practicesShadow/simple repetition practices

PracticePractice More complex More complex repetition/combination repetition/combination practices/Conditioned Gamespractices/Conditioned Games

AutomaticAutomatic Combination/Pressure/Passive/Semi Combination/Pressure/Passive/Semi Active/Active/Unopposed/Opposed/Active/Active/Unopposed/Opposed/

Conditioned GamesConditioned Games

Why is it appropriate to use these methods of Why is it appropriate to use these methods of practice at the preparation stage of learning?practice at the preparation stage of learning?

Shadow Shadowing the action without the shuttle means that I can

concentrate on the action itself (the fluency and rhythm of the movement)

I can get the feel of the action without the extra pressure of actually completing the action

There are no external factors, therefore, with no hitting the action is “successful” every time

It is easy for the observer to look and give me feedback as the action is simple without the distraction of the actual result

I can practise movement patterns (either simple or more complex) without the complete action of hitting the shuttle

RepetitionRepetition

Partner-feed (hand). This is a simple repetition practice as my partner feeds me the shuttle and I repeat the same action each time

If the action is correct, I repeat it. If the action is inaccurate or an error, I change the action to correct it

Very few external factors. Limited movement patterns Concentration is on the action itself and the accuracy of the result Partner-feed (serve). Simple to complex. Action is repeated to

improve control, fluency and consistency Feedback is given to ensure that the correct action is being learned

at this stage of learning (Positive)

Why is it appropriate to use these methods of Why is it appropriate to use these methods of practice at the practice stage of learning?practice at the practice stage of learning?

Repetition/CombinationRepetition/Combination Repetition drills can be simple or complex. I can adjust the difficulty

depending on my level of ability The objective of repetition drills is to allow me to establish the action

learned at the preparation stage The more I repeat the correct action, the more it will become

automatic Drills are ongoing repetition (e.g. OHC rally) with more movement

than “repetition” practices at the previous stage (more complex) Combination drills allow me to add more shots to make the practice

more game like. These shots can initially be introduced as a shadow movement and then the full action can be incorporated as I become more confident

I can easily set targets for each practice allowing me to monitor if my performance is improving

Why is it appropriate to use these methods of Why is it appropriate to use these methods of practice at the automatic stage of learning?practice at the automatic stage of learning?

Passive/Semi active/Active or Opposed/UnopposedPassive/Semi active/Active or Opposed/Unopposed Somewhere between associative and autonomous. The technical

action has been established and external factors like decision making and playing under pressure are introduced in a gradual manner.

Defence/opposition is co-operative at first and as the performer gets used to the options available, the practices move from unopposed to opposed or from passive to semi active to active. This allows for gradual progression to take the technical action into game-like conditions.

Game-like practices (pressure drills)Game-like practices (pressure drills)

Appropriate to the automatic stage as the technical action is practised under game-like conditions e.g. decision making, pressure etc. but has an element of competition in the practice.

Motivation influence of competition while still practising the specific technical action

Conditioned GamesConditioned Games

Playing in actual games but setting specific conditions designed to bring about an improvement in the technical action

Promotes the improvement of the action whilst introducing all the elements experienced in a game

HomeworkHomework

Complete Homework tasks 2 and 3 based on Stages of Learning and Methods of Practice