SkillBuilders Presents Kyle Hailey ( ... buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72 CPU time 32 10.16 free...
Transcript of SkillBuilders Presents Kyle Hailey ( ... buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72 CPU time 32 10.16 free...
Copyright 2007-2007 Kyle Hailey. Distributed by www.skillbuilders.com.SKILLBUILDERS
SkillBuilders PresentsKyle Hailey (www.perfvision.com)Oracle Performance Tuning
Average Session Load(ASL)
The Golden Metric ?
Copyright 2007-2007 Kyle Hailey. Distributed by www.skillbuilders.com.
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Who is Kyle Hailey1990 Oracle
90 Oracle Unix support92 Ported v6 onto Dec Ultrix93 Oracle France94 Gold Support Specialist95 Performance Expert at Digital Europe98 Kernel Development California
2000 Dot.Com2001 Quest 2002 Oracle OEM 10g2005 Embarcadero2006 Independent
When not being being a Geek writing for the Oaktable etc- photographer- Just Married and new home owner in Portland- and wonder how I missed the dot.com millions
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In this SessionThe Holy Grail of Performance : ASL
1. ASL : stethoscope for Database HealthTap is a metric that taps directly into the heart of your DB
Heart stopped - Hung?Beating very slow - Idle ?Beating fast - Heavily Loaded ?
2. ASL ComponentsCPUWaitsTime series
3. Maximum CPU as YardstickTo measure ASL against
OEM 10g ties it all together
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Goal of this Presentation
Simplify the data and empower the DBA
My goal is to cut out a lot of the unnecessary information and extraneous data andhone in on the essential
When to actHow hard to act
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What’s the Database Doing?
Your manager calls, it’s 2am, do you know where your database is?
BlockedRunning okIdle
I want a quick and easy way to see what the database is doing
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Checking the Database
How do *you* check the Database Health?Routine Exams?Statspack?
1300 lines of dataWhich linesOnce and hour
Automated Alerts?What do you set alerts on?What if no alerts fire ? Are you ok?Do alerts really tell you what’s happening?
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What’s the Database Doing?!
Whip out the stethoscope
ASL
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8Welcome to …The Cult of ASL
Once you’ve been initiated …
there is no going back
For those of you who are already members, welcome back
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Average Session Load (ASL)
The Golden Metric Powerful MultidimensionalIndispensable
Average load of sessions on the database measured in number of sessions
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Core of 10g Performance Monitoring
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Performance Page
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Average Session Load (ASL)
aka
Average Active Sessions (AAS?)OEM 10g Graphs
Session LoadI often refer to it this way
Centi-seconds per second (or secs/sec)In the dark ages, before OEM 10g, waits were often measured as Centi-secs per sec
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ASL – Average Session LoadAverage
over 15 secs in OEM 10gRepresents Load Active Sessions Only
Active sessions put load the databaseInactive Sessions don’t put load
Except for memory usage
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ASL : sources
1. Manuallyv$system_eventv$sysstat
2. Statspack some calculations 3. OEM 10g4. ASHRPT
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ASL Calculation
ASL = DB TIME / Elapsed Time
DB Time (DBT) = sum over all sessions of time spent in a call. A call could be
executing SQLbackground work
DBWR writing blocksLGWR writing redo
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DB Time
DB Time (DBT) = sum active session time
DB TIME (10g) =
DB TIME =
select value from v$sysstat where name = ‘DB time’;select value from v$sysstat where name = ‘DB time’;‘DB time’
Select sum(time_waited) from v$system_event where event not in ( ... idle events …);+Select value from v$sysstat where name = ‘CPU used by this session’;
Select sum(time_waited) from v$system_event where event not in ( ... idle events …);+Select value from v$sysstat where name = ‘CPU used by this session’;
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1. ASL ManuallyData
10g, easy DBTime = V$sysstat ‘DB time’ 9i ( 7 to 11 actually), DBTime =
V$system_eventSum wait timesNon-idle waits
V$sysstat CPU used by this session
ASL= DBTime/elapsed timeProduces
Session time / elapsed timeSession cent-secs/secSession secs/ secAvg Session Load (ASL)
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2. Statspack: Calculating ASL
Look forTop 5 Timed EventsElapsed Time
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Statspack: Cheat Sheet
InstallConnect as SYSDBA@?/rdbms/admin/spcreate.sql
RunExec statspack.snap;
Generate Reports@?/rdbms/admin/spreport.sql
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Statspack Output
Trusty statspack reportElapased TimeCheck “Top 5 Timed Events”
Start at line 52 of Start at line 52 of about 1300!about 1300!
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21Statspack Elapsed Time
STATSPACK report for
DB Name DB Id Instance Inst Num Release RAC Host------- ----------- -------- -------- ---------- --- -------LABSF03 1420044432 labsf03 1 10.1.0.2.0 NO labsfr
Snap Id Snap Time Sessions Curs/Sess--------- ------------------ -------- ---------
Begin Snap: 1 03-Apr-06 12:34:06 18 5.6End Snap: 2 03-Apr-06 12:34:36 18 4.8Elapsed: 1.00 (mins)
STATSPACK report for
DB Name DB Id Instance Inst Num Release RAC Host------- ----------- -------- -------- ---------- --- -------LABSF03 1420044432 labsf03 1 10.1.0.2.0 NO labsfr
Snap Id Snap Time Sessions Curs/Sess--------- ------------------ -------- ---------
Begin Snap: 1 03-Apr-06 12:34:06 18 5.6End Snap: 2 03-Apr-06 12:34:36 18 4.8Elapsed: 1.00 (mins)
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Statspack: Top 5 Timed Events
Look at Top 5 Timed Events
Top 5 Timed Events~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ % TotalEvent Waits Time (s) Call Time--------------------- --------- --------- -------buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72CPU time 32 10.16free buffer waits 1,588 15 4.63write complete waits 10 8 2.51log buffer space 306 5 1.51
Top 5 Timed EventsTop 5 Timed Events~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ % Total~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ % TotalEvent Waits Time (s) Call TimeEvent Waits Time (s) Call Time------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------ --------------buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72buffer busy waits 2,748 250 78.72CPU time 32 10.16CPU time 32 10.16free buffer waits 1,588 15 4.63free buffer waits 1,588 15 4.63write complete waits 10 8 2.51write complete waits 10 8 2.51log buffer space 306 5 1.51log buffer space 306 5 1.51
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Example
CPU + WAITSCPU = 32WAITS = 250 + 15 + 8 + 5
= 278 secsElapsed Time
= 60 secs(32 + 278) secs / 60 secs= 5.1 Average Session Load
Top 5 Timed Events
Event Time (s) ----------------- -----buffer busy waits 250CPU time 32free buffer waits 15write complete waits 8log buffer space 5
Top 5 Timed EventsTop 5 Timed Events
Event Time (s) Event Time (s) ---------------------------------- ----------buffer busy waits 250buffer busy waits 250CPU time 32CPU time 32free buffer waits 15free buffer waits 15write complete waits 8write complete waits 8log buffer spacelog buffer space 55
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3. ASL in OEM DB Home Page
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4. ASHRPT
?@/rdbms/admin/ashrpt.sql
Top User Events DB/Inst: TESTDB/testdb (Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)Avg Active
Event Class % Activity Sessions--------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------CPU + Wait for CPU CPU 67.98 8.42enq: TX - row lock co Application 23.98 2.97buffer busy waits Concurrency 4.66 0.58latch: cache buffers chai Concurrency 2.26 0.28
Top User EventsTop User Events DB/Inst: TESTDB/DB/Inst: TESTDB/testdbtestdb (Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)(Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)
AvgAvg ActiveActive
EventEvent ClassClass % Activity% Activity SessionsSessions
------------------------------------------------------ ---------------------- -------------------- --------------------
CPU + Wait for CPUCPU + Wait for CPU CPUCPU 67.9867.98 8.428.42
enqenq: TX : TX -- row lock corow lock co ApplicationApplication 23.9823.98 2.972.97
buffer busy waitsbuffer busy waits ConcurrencyConcurrency 4.664.66 0.580.58
latch: cache buffers latch: cache buffers chaichai ConcurrencyConcurrency 2.262.26 0.280.28
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Got ASL, Now What ?
Need one more item: CPU Count
# of CPUs available on SystemShared with other applications ? difficultOn dual & quad cores, lower the CPU countRepresents max active sessions doing work
A value above CPU represents some bottleneck
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CPU count, OEM DB Home Page
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CPU Count, OEM Perf Page
CPU CountCPU Count
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Available CPU – init.ora
Statspack 10g shows # of CPUSStatspack 9i # of CPUs missing:
SQLPLUS> show parameters cpu_count
NAME VALUE------------------ ----------cpu_count 2
SQLPLUS> show parameters cpu_count
NAME VALUE------------------ ----------cpu_count 2
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4. ASHRPTASH Report For TESTDB/testdbDB Name DB Id Instance Inst Num Release RAC Host------------ ----------- ------------ -------- ----------- --- ------------TESTDB 2371570538 testdb 1 10.2.0.1.0 NO sdbe604aCPUs SGA Size Buffer Cache Shared Pool ASH Buffer Size---- ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------
2 1,000M (100%) 468M (46.8%) 112M (11.2%) 4.0M (0.4%)Analysis Begin Time: 21-Apr-06 12:00:01
Analysis End Time: 21-Apr-06 12:05:01Elapsed Time: 5.0 (mins)Sample Count: 3,716
Average Session Load: 12.39Avg. Active Session per CPU: 6.19
Report Target: None specifiedTop User Events DB/Inst: TESTDB/testdb (Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)
Avg ActiveEvent Event Class % Activity Sessions----------------------------------- --------------- ---------- ----------CPU + Wait for CPU CPU 67.98 8.42enq: TX - row lock contention Application 23.98 2.97buffer busy waits Concurrency 4.66 0.58latch: cache buffers chains Concurrency 2.26 0.28
ASH Report For TESTDB/ASH Report For TESTDB/testdbtestdb
DB NameDB Name DB IdDB Id InstanceInstance Inst Num ReleaseInst Num Release RAC HostRAC Host
------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------ ---------------- ---------------------- ------ ------------------------
TESTDBTESTDB 2371570538 2371570538 testdbtestdb 1 10.2.0.1.01 10.2.0.1.0 NONO sdbe604asdbe604a
CPUsCPUs SGA SizeSGA Size Buffer CacheBuffer Cache Shared PoolShared Pool ASH Buffer SizeASH Buffer Size
-------- ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------ ------------------------------------
22 1,000M (100%)1,000M (100%) 468M (46.8%)468M (46.8%) 112M (11.2%)112M (11.2%) 4.0M (0.4%)4.0M (0.4%)
Analysis Begin Time:Analysis Begin Time: 2121--AprApr--06 12:00:0106 12:00:01
Analysis End Time:Analysis End Time: 2121--AprApr--06 12:05:0106 12:05:01
Elapsed Time:Elapsed Time: 5.0 (5.0 (minsmins))
Sample Count:Sample Count: 3,7163,716
Average Session Load:Average Session Load: 12.3912.39
Avg. Active Session per CPU:Avg. Active Session per CPU: 6.196.19
Report Target:Report Target: None specifiedNone specified
Top User EventsTop User Events DB/Inst: TESTDB/DB/Inst: TESTDB/testdbtestdb (Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)(Apr 21 12:00 to 12:05)
AvgAvg ActiveActive
EventEvent EventEvent ClassClass % Activity% Activity SessionsSessions
---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ -------------------- --------------------
CPU + Wait for CPUCPU + Wait for CPU CPUCPU 67.9867.98 8.428.42
enqenq: TX : TX -- row lock contentionrow lock contention ApplicationApplication 23.9823.98 2.972.97
buffer busy waitsbuffer busy waits ConcurrencyConcurrency 4.664.66 0.580.58
latch: cache buffers chainslatch: cache buffers chains ConcurrencyConcurrency 2.262.26 0.280.28
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ASL FormulasUse CPU count as yardstick:
< 1 Database is not blockedASL ~= 0
Database basically idleASL < # of CPUs
CPU availableDatabase is probably not blocked
• ASL > # of CPUsCould have performance problemsASL >> # of CPUS
There is a bottleneck
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Available CPU vs ASL
ASL = 5.1ASL = 5.1
# of CPU = 2# of CPU = 2
ASL far above available CPU => problem
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Going Farther with ASL
ASL can tell you a lotBut it’s components tell you much moreTo go farther need the components of ASL
CPU How many CPUs (max CPU available)
WaitWhich waits
Value over time
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EM DB Home Page
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35OEM 10g Perf PagesDB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
ASL Point in TimeASL Point in Time
ASL over TimeASL over Time
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Performance Page
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Performance Page
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ASL – Performance Page
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OEM 10g - ASL
ASL is the top of the curveASL is the top of the curve
33 1.91.9 22
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OEM 10g - CPU
CPU UsageCPU Usage
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OEM 10g - Waits
WaitsWaits
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OEM 10g – CPU vs Wait
WaitsWaitsCPUCPU
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OEM 10g – Max CPU
Maximum Possible CPUMaximum Possible CPU
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OEM 10g Zoom-In
CPU + WAIT
Available CPU
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OEM 10g – get to work !
Looks Looks OK OK
But …But …
Relax Relax Get to Work!Get to Work!
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Alternative ASL Calculations
ASL = DB TIME / Elapsed Time
But there is another wayBut there is another way ……
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ASL based on ASHASH - Active Session History
v$active_session_historyFormula
Count active sessions over 15 secondsDivided by # of samples in 15 seconds= Average Session Load
A statistical approximation, but surprisingly closeASH data source empowers drilldown into the causes of bottlenecks
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2. ASL from ASH
776655443322
22
776655443322
ASHASH
11
t0 t0 tntn
11
t0t0--nn
active sessions(ti)nnΣΣ00
ASL =ASL = // nn
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Two Sources comparison1. v$system_event & v$sysstat
IndirectAccurateLags (especially CPU)Limits analysis
2. v$active_session_historyDirectReal timeApproximationAllows drilldowns
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50OEM 10g Perf PagesDB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
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Same Chart butSame Chart but
calculated differently calculated differently
22
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1. ASL – Performance Page
v$v$sysstatsysstat
DB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activityv$system_eventv$system_event
ASL = ∆DBT / ASL = ∆DBT / ∆Time∆Time
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2. ASL – Top Activity Page
v$active_session_historyv$active_session_history
active sessions(ti)nnΣΣ00
ASL =ASL =
DB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
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Samples VS Counters
CountersCounters
SamplesSamples
Slight LagsSlight Lags
v$system_eventv$system_event
v$active_session_historyv$active_session_history
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54The Power ASH gives ASLDB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
ASHASH
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ASH in OEM
Top Activity gives Top Activity gives more informationmore information
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Top Activity : Based on ASH
missingmissing
Thanks Thanks To To ASHASH
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Top Activity : ASH Dimensions
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58ASL – %Session Time Issue
Shown in % DB TimeShown in % DB TimeMissing % Session TimeMissing % Session Time
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Top Activity: ASH Sessions
Many Users Active Many Users Active
On Performance Page, no way to tell how many usersOn Performance Page, no way to tell how many usersBut Top Activity Page fixes thatBut Top Activity Page fixes that
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Top Activity: ASH Sessions
Two Users ActiveTwo Users Active
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61OEM 10g Perf PagesDB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
SQLSQLSessionSession
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62OEM 10g Perf PagesTop ActivityTop Activity
SQLSQLSessionSession
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63Session : ASH Activity
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64SQL : ASH Activity
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Getting the Most out of ASLNeed to know the System’s ProfileWhat your application is like?
Data WarehouseOLTPTypical load
Once you get to know it you can see anomaliesIs ASL near 0 when it should be higherIs that Data Warehouse query running normal
Do you know what it looks like?Is there an unusual bottleneck
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Knowing your DB Profile
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When to tune?
General rules of ThumbWaits >> CPUCPU > Max CPU
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Waits > CPU
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CPU > Max CPU
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Idle Database
Value of proving the database is Idle It’s the Databases Fault
How many times do you hear that?Database Idle
No load on databaseDatabase “performance” is fine
Under utilized
Problem lies elsewhereSaved me time and stress many times
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Idle Database – Perf Page
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Idle Database – Top Activity
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Harnessing ASLStatspack
lackingOEM 10g
Best tool10g (or 11) onlyNeed licences
Third Party ToolsSome good productsGenerally as expensive as OEM
Ashmon – “OEM-lite”FreeAny version with S-ASHLimited analysis
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Statspack
Free and any versionNeeds numerical massagingLacking detailed SQL and Session info
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OEM 10gClearest, easiest, most powerful
Overview Load chart - ASL
Breakdown –Top SQL and SessionOr Service, Module, Action, Objects, Files
Drill downsSQL Session
PlusADDM – Automatic Database Diagnostics MonitorSQL Advisor – SQL tuning advice
DRAWBACK – 10g (or 11) and need license
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76OEM 10g Perf PagesDB Home DB Home
PerformancePerformance
Top ActivityTop Activity
SessionSession SQLSQL
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Alternatives
Third Party toolsQuest – Performance AnalyzerSymantec – I3Confio – Ignite
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ASHMON a free “OEM-lite”
http://perfvision.com/ashmon.phpWindows application Monitors Oracle 10g or 11Show “Top Activity” page from OEM
Note: Can be used on any version of Oracle with performance repository available on http://perfvision.com/sash.php
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79CPU > Max CPU
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Radical Change in Profile
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Going Further – Wait Analysis
If ASL identifies Wait BottlenecksUse OEM 10g
Automatic Diagnostic Database Monitor (ADDM)Oracle Wait Interface
by R Shee and K Deshpande Wait Interface Class
Detail explanation, analysis and solutions to the top 30 wait events (98% of all waits encountered)
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Where Can You Learn More
Oracle 10g Advanced Performance Tuning Class
With Kyle Hailey and SkillBuilders2 Day ClassOffsite or onsiteRegistration
www.skillbuilders.comGary Belke at 1-888-803-5607
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Oracle 10g Advanced Performance Tuning Class
Learn new 10g performance and diagnostic toolsUnderstand the 10g Enterprise Manager Performance page ASL, AWR, ADDMAdvanced level of detail
Collection, Aggregation, Display, Analyze
Top 30 wait eventsASHConquer your database woes!
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In summary
ASL is simple and PowerfulASL’s components are even more powerful
CPUWAITValue over Time
Use # of CPUs as a yardstick Know your application load profile to see anomaliesMonitor ASL with OEM 10g, Ashmon or third party tools