SKELETAL SYSTEM. Bone is made of the same type of minerals as limestone. Babies are born with 300...
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Transcript of SKELETAL SYSTEM. Bone is made of the same type of minerals as limestone. Babies are born with 300...
Bone is made of the same type of minerals as limestone.• Babies are born with 300 bones, but by
adulthood we have only 206 in our bodies.
• The giraffe has the same number of bones in its neck as a human: seven in total.
• The long horned ram can take a head butt at 25 mph. The human skull will fracture at 5mph.
FUN FACTS ABOUT BONES
1. Collagen2. Osteoblasts3. Osteocytes4. Osteoclasts5. Compact bone6. Lamellae7. Lacunae8. Canaliculi9. Spongy bone10.Long bones
11.Short bones 12.Flat bones 13.Irregular bones 14.Sesamoid bones 15.Diaphysis 16.Epiphysis 17.Ossification 18.Fissure19. Sulcus 20.Axial Skeleton21.Appendicular Skeleton
Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE
• Support and Protection• Body movement• Blood cell formation (bone marrow) -
hematopoeisis• Storage of inorganic materials
(salt, calcium, potassium….)
Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow
Red Marrow (blood)Yellow Marrow (fat)
Endosteum– lining of the medullary
Review the Structure of a Long Bone
Matching quiz at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holehaap/student/olc2/chap07matching01.html
MATRIX - where the bone cells live OSTEOCYTES - mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE OSTEOCYTES form rings (LAMELLAE) around a HAVERSIAN CANAL which houses blood vessels Osteocytes are linked by CANALICULI Haversian Canals are linked by VOLKMAN's CANALS
Test YourselfFind the…
1.Haversian Canal2.Osteocyte3.Haversian System4.Volkman's Canal5.Lamellae6.Spongy Bone7.Compact Bone
Haversian Canal
Volkman's Canal
Haversian System
Lamellae
Spongy Bone
Osteocyte
Compact Bone
1.Intramembranous bones – flat, skull2. Endochondral bones – all other ALL BONES START AS HYALINE CARTILAGE, areas graduallly turn to bone PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (shaft) SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (ends)
EPIPHYSEAL DISK (growth plate) is a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis These areas increase bone length as the cells ossify Cartilage becomes OSTEOBLASTS become OSTEOCYTES
1.Synarthrotic (not moveable, aka sutures)
2.Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable, vertebrae)
3.Diarthrotic (moveable joint, aka synovial joints)
Synovial fluid - fluid within the joints that helps to lubricate
Types of Joints
1. Ball and Socket2. Hinge3. Pivot4. Saddle
1. Frontal -2. Parietal - 3. Occipital -4. Temporal - 5. Sphenoid - 6. Maxilla - 7. Mandible -
8. Zygomatic -
Foramen - refers to any tiny opening, nerves and blood vessels leave this opening to supply the face
Mental Foramen
Suture - refers to any connection between large bones (in fetal skulls, these are called fontanels)
Fissure - any wide gap between bones
1. Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones2. Lambdoidal - between occipital and parietal bones3. Squamosal - between temporal and parietal bones4. Sagittal - between parietal bones
• The Skeleton Mystery - read about a “crime scene” and reconstruct skeletons to identify the remains
• Watch a Bones Episode• Identify Bones on a real skeleton • Lab
Practical Test• Medical Imaging – learn how doctors view
bones and diagnose problems
• Test will cover everything in your notes and on the slides presented in class
• Visit biologycorner.com for study aids• A second test will occur that covers the lab portion
• BONE SPURS: abnormal growth. Can occur on any bone (e.g. heel).
• OSTEOPOROSIS: Increased activity of osteoclasts cause a break down bone, and the subsequent fewer minerals in the extracellular matrix make it fragile. The spongy bone especially becomes more porous.
• Men get it as well as women. What’s the best way to prevent osteoporosis? Exercise! What does exercise do? Makes bones bigger.
• The most common bone used for a bone graft is the iliac bone of the hip.
ABNORMALITIES OF THE SPINE• SCOLIOSIS is a lateral curve in the
spine• KYPHOSIS is a hunchback curve• LORDOSIS is a swayback in the lower
region.• ANKYLOSIS is severe arthritis in the
spine and the vertebrae fuse.